Terms Used In California Codes > Penal Code > Part 1 > Title 3 - OF OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE

• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• City: includes "city and county" and "incorporated town" but does not include "unincorporated town" or "village. See California Government Code 20
• County: includes city and county. See California Government Code 19
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• legislative body: means board of trustees, city council, or other governing body of a city. See California Government Code 34000
• Process: signifies a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See California Code of Civil Procedure 17
• state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories, and the words "United States" may include the district and territories. See California Penal Code 7
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.