A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
State Law
California
means any civil action or proceeding, commenced, maintained or pending in any state or federal court California Code of Civil Procedure 391
Hawaii
means any civil action or proceeding, commenced, maintained, or pending in any state or federal court of record Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
Rhode Island
means any kind of legal action or proceeding, including, but not limited to:

(i)  A filing of a summons, complaint, or petition;

(ii)  Serving a summons, complaint, or petition, regardless of whether it has been filed;

(iii)  Filing a motion, notice of court date, or order to appear;

(iv)  Serving a motion, notice of court date, or order to appear, regardless of whether it has been filed or scheduled;

(v)  Filing a subpoena, subpoena duces tecum, interrogatories, request for production of documents, notice of deposition, or other discovery request; or

(vi)  Serving a subpoena, subpoena duces tecum, interrogatories, request for production of documents, notice of deposition, or other discovery request Rhode Island General Laws 8-8.4-1

Vermont
means any kind of legal action or proceeding, including: