New Hampshire Revised Statutes 193:3 – Change of School or Assignment; Best Interest of Student
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I. (a) The parent or guardian of a student may apply to the superintendent of the student’s district of residence if the parent or guardian believes it would be in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment.
(b) Upon such request, the superintendent shall schedule a meeting with the parent or guardian, to be held within 10 days of the request.
(c) Prior to or at such meeting, the parent or guardian shall make a specific request that the student be re-assigned by the school board to another public school, public academy, or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(d) At such meeting, the parent or guardian may present documents, witnesses, or other relevant evidence supporting the parent’s belief that it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment. The superintendent may present such information as he or she deems appropriate.
(e) In determining whether it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the superintendent shall consider the student’s academic, physical, personal, or social needs.
(f) If the superintendent finds it is in the best of the interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the superintendent shall initiate:
(1) A change of assignment within the student’s current assigned school;
(2) The student’s transfer to another public school or public academy within the district of residence; or
(3) The student’s transfer to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(g) If a student is reassigned as a result of a best interest determination to a public school or public academy, the superintendents or administrators involved in the reassignment shall jointly establish a tuition rate for such student. Some or all of the tuition may be waived by the superintendent of the receiving district for good cause shown or pursuant to school board policy of the receiving district. The school board of the student’s district of residence shall approve the payment of tuition upon the superintendent’s finding that is in the best interest of the student to be reassigned. Transportation shall be the responsibility of the parent or legal guardian.
(h) If the student is reassigned as the result of a best interest determination to an approved private school, the private school may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.
(i) If the superintendent does not find that it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the parent or guardian may request a hearing with the school board of residence to determine if the student is experiencing a manifest educational hardship under paragraph II.
II. (a) “Manifest educational hardship” means that a student has a documented hardship in his or her current educational placement; and that such hardship has a detrimental or negative impact on the student’s academic achievement or growth, physical safety, or social and emotional well-being. Such hardship must be so severe, pervasive, or persistent that it interferes with or limits the ability of the student to receive an education.
(b) The superintendent shall duly notify the school board that the parent or guardian has requested a manifest educational hardship hearing, upon which the school board shall schedule a hearing to be held no more than 15 days after the request has been received.
(c) At such hearing, the parent or guardian may present documents, witnesses, or other relevant evidence supporting their belief that the student is experiencing a manifest educational hardship. The superintendent may present such information as he or she may deem appropriate to assist the school board in reaching its decision. The parties shall have the right to examine all evidence and witnesses.
(d) Prior to or at such hearing, the parent or guardian shall make a specific request that the student be re-assigned by the school board to another public school, public academy, or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy or an approved private school in another district.
(e) The parent or guardian shall have the burden of establishing the presence of a manifest educational hardship by clear and convincing evidence.
(f) If the school board finds that the student has a manifest educational hardship, the school board shall grant the parent’s or guardian’s request to re-assign the student to another public school, public academy or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(g) If the school board finds that the parent or guardian has not met their burden of proof, the parent or guardian may appeal the local school board decision to the state board of education. If the state board of education chooses to accept the parent’s or guardian’s appeal, the state board of education shall schedule hearing on the matter, pursuant to applicable department of education rules.
(h) If a student is assigned to attend a public school or public academy in another district because of a manifest educational hardship, the district in which the student resides shall pay tuition to the district to which the child is re-assigned. Such tuition shall be computed according to N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193:4. The school board of the district in which the student resides shall approve the tuition payment.
III. The state board of education may permit such child to withdraw from the school the student currently attends for such time as the state board deems necessary. Children with disabilities as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2 shall be accorded a due process review pursuant to rules adopted under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:16.
III-a. (a) A student reassigned under this section shall be counted in the average daily membership in residence of the student’s resident school district. The student’s resident district shall forward any tuition payment due to the district to which the student was reassigned.
(b) The superintendent of the student’s resident school administrative unit shall notify the department of education within 30 days of any reassignment of students under this section.
(c) Nothing in this section shall alter or impair the right of a child with a disability, as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2, to be accorded a due process review pursuant to rules adopted under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:16.
(d) The total reassignments or transfers in any one school year shall not exceed one percent of the average daily membership in residence of a school district, or 5 percent of the average daily membership in residence of any single school, whichever is greater, unless the school board votes to exceed this limit.
(e) The state board of education shall adopt rules, pursuant to RSA 541-A, relative to manifest educational hardship. Each school board shall establish a policy, consistent with the state board’s rules, which shall allow a school board, with the recommendation of the superintendent, to take appropriate action including assignment to another public school, public academy, or approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or approved private school in another district.
(f) Students re-assigned under this section shall meet the admission requirements of the school to which the student is re-assigned.
IV. (a) Any person having custody of a child may apply to enroll that child in a public school or public academy outside the school district in which the person and child reside. If the non-resident school district or public academy agrees to enroll the child it may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.
(b) When a child is enrolled pursuant to subparagraph (a), the district in which the child is enrolled shall immediately notify the district in which the child resides of the name, date of birth, address, and grade assignment of the child. This same notification shall be made at the beginning of each school year for which the child is enrolled.
(c) When a child is enrolled pursuant to subparagraph (a), the district in which the child resides shall retain all responsibility for the provision of special education and related services pursuant to RSA 186-C.
(d) The decision by a school district or a public academy to deny enrollment of a non-resident pupil shall not be based, in whole or in part, on whether such pupil is a child with a disability as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2, I, or a child that requires an accommodation under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. If a parent or guardian believes the denial was based upon the child’s disability, such parent may appeal the decision to the state board of education consistent with the provisions of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 21-N:11, III or file a complaint with the state commission for human rights under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 354-A:28. The decision of a parent to enroll a child in a chartered public school shall not be subject to the provisions of this section.
(e) The decision of a parent to enroll a child in a charter school shall not be subject to the provisions of this section.
(f) Disputes related to the provision of special education services under this paragraph shall be governed by RSA 186-C.
V. A placement made by a child’s special education team pursuant to that child’s individualized education program shall not be deemed a change of school assignment for purposes of this section.
VI. If there is no public school for the child’s grade in the resident district, the school board may contract with another public school in another school district or with any private school that has been approved as a school tuition program by the school board, and may raise and appropriate money for the purposes of the contract, if the school district decides it is in the best interest of the pupil. The district may either assign all children to schools that have been approved as a school tuition program, or allow each child’s parent to choose a school from among schools that have been approved as a school tuition program. To enroll a child in a tuition school approved by the local school board whose tuition cost is above the district’s established tuition cost per pupil as determined and approved by the board, the local board may require the parent to pay the tuition cost difference as long as at least one option is a public school or public academy that does not require additional tuition payment from the parent.
VII. In this section, “approved as a school tuition program” means a school that has been approved and contracted by the school board to provide students with the opportunity to acquire an adequate education as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:2. Upon approval by the school board, the school shall receive status as an approved school tuition program, shall be deemed in compliance with the provisions of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:3-b, I(a) and (b), and shall qualify as a school approved to provide the opportunity for an adequate education. The school shall be required to submit to the school board an annual student performance progress report in a format selected by the school board, which may include reporting of aggregate achievement data to protect student privacy, and that demonstrates that students are afforded educational opportunities that are substantially equal in quality to state performance standards for determining an adequate education. A private school that receives tuition program students shall:
(a) Comply with statutes and regulations relating to agency approvals such as health, fire safety, and sanitation;
(b) Be a school approved and contracted by a local public school board to provide students with the opportunity for an adequate education;
(c) Be incorporated under the laws of New Hampshire or the United States; and
(d) Administer an annual assessment in reading and language arts, mathematics, and science as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-C:6 to tuition program students. The assessment may be any nationally recognized standardized assessment used to measure student academic achievement, shall be aligned to the school’s academic standards, and shall satisfy the requirements of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-C:6 for school tuition program students. The school’s annual assessment results for tuition program students shall be submitted to the commissioner and school board. If the school enrolls 10 or more publicly-funded tuition program students and if the school’s group assessment percentile score for tuition program students is less than the 40th percentile, the commissioner may require a site visit to determine if the school provides the opportunity for an adequate education in accordance with N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:3-b. After the third consecutive year of a tuition program school being unable to demonstrate that it provides an opportunity for an adequate education, the school may be subject to revocation of tuition program status.
VIII. If the student is assigned to an approved private school under the manifest educational hardship determination and the private school agrees to enroll the child, it may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.
(b) Upon such request, the superintendent shall schedule a meeting with the parent or guardian, to be held within 10 days of the request.
Terms Used In New Hampshire Revised Statutes 193:3
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
- person: may extend and be applied to bodies corporate and politic as well as to individuals. See New Hampshire Revised Statutes 21:9
- state: when applied to different parts of the United States, may extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories, so called; and the words "United States" shall include said district and territories. See New Hampshire Revised Statutes 21:4
- United States: shall include said district and territories. See New Hampshire Revised Statutes 21:4
(c) Prior to or at such meeting, the parent or guardian shall make a specific request that the student be re-assigned by the school board to another public school, public academy, or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(d) At such meeting, the parent or guardian may present documents, witnesses, or other relevant evidence supporting the parent’s belief that it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment. The superintendent may present such information as he or she deems appropriate.
(e) In determining whether it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the superintendent shall consider the student’s academic, physical, personal, or social needs.
(f) If the superintendent finds it is in the best of the interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the superintendent shall initiate:
(1) A change of assignment within the student’s current assigned school;
(2) The student’s transfer to another public school or public academy within the district of residence; or
(3) The student’s transfer to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(g) If a student is reassigned as a result of a best interest determination to a public school or public academy, the superintendents or administrators involved in the reassignment shall jointly establish a tuition rate for such student. Some or all of the tuition may be waived by the superintendent of the receiving district for good cause shown or pursuant to school board policy of the receiving district. The school board of the student’s district of residence shall approve the payment of tuition upon the superintendent’s finding that is in the best interest of the student to be reassigned. Transportation shall be the responsibility of the parent or legal guardian.
(h) If the student is reassigned as the result of a best interest determination to an approved private school, the private school may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.
(i) If the superintendent does not find that it is in the best interest of the student to change the student’s school or assignment, the parent or guardian may request a hearing with the school board of residence to determine if the student is experiencing a manifest educational hardship under paragraph II.
II. (a) “Manifest educational hardship” means that a student has a documented hardship in his or her current educational placement; and that such hardship has a detrimental or negative impact on the student’s academic achievement or growth, physical safety, or social and emotional well-being. Such hardship must be so severe, pervasive, or persistent that it interferes with or limits the ability of the student to receive an education.
(b) The superintendent shall duly notify the school board that the parent or guardian has requested a manifest educational hardship hearing, upon which the school board shall schedule a hearing to be held no more than 15 days after the request has been received.
(c) At such hearing, the parent or guardian may present documents, witnesses, or other relevant evidence supporting their belief that the student is experiencing a manifest educational hardship. The superintendent may present such information as he or she may deem appropriate to assist the school board in reaching its decision. The parties shall have the right to examine all evidence and witnesses.
(d) Prior to or at such hearing, the parent or guardian shall make a specific request that the student be re-assigned by the school board to another public school, public academy, or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy or an approved private school in another district.
(e) The parent or guardian shall have the burden of establishing the presence of a manifest educational hardship by clear and convincing evidence.
(f) If the school board finds that the student has a manifest educational hardship, the school board shall grant the parent’s or guardian’s request to re-assign the student to another public school, public academy or an approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or an approved private school in another district.
(g) If the school board finds that the parent or guardian has not met their burden of proof, the parent or guardian may appeal the local school board decision to the state board of education. If the state board of education chooses to accept the parent’s or guardian’s appeal, the state board of education shall schedule hearing on the matter, pursuant to applicable department of education rules.
(h) If a student is assigned to attend a public school or public academy in another district because of a manifest educational hardship, the district in which the student resides shall pay tuition to the district to which the child is re-assigned. Such tuition shall be computed according to N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193:4. The school board of the district in which the student resides shall approve the tuition payment.
III. The state board of education may permit such child to withdraw from the school the student currently attends for such time as the state board deems necessary. Children with disabilities as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2 shall be accorded a due process review pursuant to rules adopted under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:16.
III-a. (a) A student reassigned under this section shall be counted in the average daily membership in residence of the student’s resident school district. The student’s resident district shall forward any tuition payment due to the district to which the student was reassigned.
(b) The superintendent of the student’s resident school administrative unit shall notify the department of education within 30 days of any reassignment of students under this section.
(c) Nothing in this section shall alter or impair the right of a child with a disability, as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2, to be accorded a due process review pursuant to rules adopted under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:16.
(d) The total reassignments or transfers in any one school year shall not exceed one percent of the average daily membership in residence of a school district, or 5 percent of the average daily membership in residence of any single school, whichever is greater, unless the school board votes to exceed this limit.
(e) The state board of education shall adopt rules, pursuant to RSA 541-A, relative to manifest educational hardship. Each school board shall establish a policy, consistent with the state board’s rules, which shall allow a school board, with the recommendation of the superintendent, to take appropriate action including assignment to another public school, public academy, or approved private school within the district or to a public school, public academy, or approved private school in another district.
(f) Students re-assigned under this section shall meet the admission requirements of the school to which the student is re-assigned.
IV. (a) Any person having custody of a child may apply to enroll that child in a public school or public academy outside the school district in which the person and child reside. If the non-resident school district or public academy agrees to enroll the child it may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.
(b) When a child is enrolled pursuant to subparagraph (a), the district in which the child is enrolled shall immediately notify the district in which the child resides of the name, date of birth, address, and grade assignment of the child. This same notification shall be made at the beginning of each school year for which the child is enrolled.
(c) When a child is enrolled pursuant to subparagraph (a), the district in which the child resides shall retain all responsibility for the provision of special education and related services pursuant to RSA 186-C.
(d) The decision by a school district or a public academy to deny enrollment of a non-resident pupil shall not be based, in whole or in part, on whether such pupil is a child with a disability as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 186-C:2, I, or a child that requires an accommodation under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. If a parent or guardian believes the denial was based upon the child’s disability, such parent may appeal the decision to the state board of education consistent with the provisions of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 21-N:11, III or file a complaint with the state commission for human rights under N.H. Rev. Stat. § 354-A:28. The decision of a parent to enroll a child in a chartered public school shall not be subject to the provisions of this section.
(e) The decision of a parent to enroll a child in a charter school shall not be subject to the provisions of this section.
(f) Disputes related to the provision of special education services under this paragraph shall be governed by RSA 186-C.
V. A placement made by a child’s special education team pursuant to that child’s individualized education program shall not be deemed a change of school assignment for purposes of this section.
VI. If there is no public school for the child’s grade in the resident district, the school board may contract with another public school in another school district or with any private school that has been approved as a school tuition program by the school board, and may raise and appropriate money for the purposes of the contract, if the school district decides it is in the best interest of the pupil. The district may either assign all children to schools that have been approved as a school tuition program, or allow each child’s parent to choose a school from among schools that have been approved as a school tuition program. To enroll a child in a tuition school approved by the local school board whose tuition cost is above the district’s established tuition cost per pupil as determined and approved by the board, the local board may require the parent to pay the tuition cost difference as long as at least one option is a public school or public academy that does not require additional tuition payment from the parent.
VII. In this section, “approved as a school tuition program” means a school that has been approved and contracted by the school board to provide students with the opportunity to acquire an adequate education as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:2. Upon approval by the school board, the school shall receive status as an approved school tuition program, shall be deemed in compliance with the provisions of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:3-b, I(a) and (b), and shall qualify as a school approved to provide the opportunity for an adequate education. The school shall be required to submit to the school board an annual student performance progress report in a format selected by the school board, which may include reporting of aggregate achievement data to protect student privacy, and that demonstrates that students are afforded educational opportunities that are substantially equal in quality to state performance standards for determining an adequate education. A private school that receives tuition program students shall:
(a) Comply with statutes and regulations relating to agency approvals such as health, fire safety, and sanitation;
(b) Be a school approved and contracted by a local public school board to provide students with the opportunity for an adequate education;
(c) Be incorporated under the laws of New Hampshire or the United States; and
(d) Administer an annual assessment in reading and language arts, mathematics, and science as defined in N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-C:6 to tuition program students. The assessment may be any nationally recognized standardized assessment used to measure student academic achievement, shall be aligned to the school’s academic standards, and shall satisfy the requirements of N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-C:6 for school tuition program students. The school’s annual assessment results for tuition program students shall be submitted to the commissioner and school board. If the school enrolls 10 or more publicly-funded tuition program students and if the school’s group assessment percentile score for tuition program students is less than the 40th percentile, the commissioner may require a site visit to determine if the school provides the opportunity for an adequate education in accordance with N.H. Rev. Stat. § 193-E:3-b. After the third consecutive year of a tuition program school being unable to demonstrate that it provides an opportunity for an adequate education, the school may be subject to revocation of tuition program status.
VIII. If the student is assigned to an approved private school under the manifest educational hardship determination and the private school agrees to enroll the child, it may charge tuition to the parent or may enter into an agreement for payment of tuition with the school district in which the child resides.