Terms Used In Vermont Statutes > Title 3 > Chapter 47 - Commerce and Community Development

• Abortion: means any medical treatment intended to induce the termination of, or to terminate, a clinically diagnosable pregnancy except for the purpose of producing a live birth. See
• Actual notice: means receipt of written notice hand-delivered or mailed to the last known address. See
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Agency: means the Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets. See
• Agent: means an individual, other than a broker-dealer, who represents a broker-dealer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of securities or represents an issuer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of the issuer's securities. See
• Agricultural seed: includes grass, forage, cereal, oil, fiber, and other kinds of crop seeds commonly recognized as agricultural seeds, lawn seeds, and combinations of such seeds, and may include noxious weed seeds used as agricultural seed. See
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bank: means :

• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Beneficiary form: means a registration of a security that indicates the present owner of the security and the intention of the owner regarding the person who will become the owner of the security upon the death of the owner. See
• Benefit: means any abatement, loan, or grant awarded to the business as enumerated in subdivision (2) of this section. See
• Board: means , unless otherwise indicated, the Vermont Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board. See
• Broker-dealer: means a person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the account of others or for the person's own account. See
• Business: means any individual, partnership, corporation, or other entity that has been granted a tax abatement pursuant to the provisions of Title 24, or has been granted a loan or a grant by any board, commission, or program established under the provisions of Title 10 or 24, or under the provisions of this title. See
• Buyer: means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods. See
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Client: means an individual who is inquiring about or seeking services at a pregnancy services center. See
• Commercial weighing and measuring device: shall be construed to include any weight or measure or weighing or measuring device commercially used or employed in establishing the size, quantity, extent, area, or measurement of quantities, things, produce, or articles for distribution or consumption, purchased, offered, or submitted for sale, hire, or award, or in computing any basic charge or payment for services rendered on the basis of weight or measure, and shall also include any accessory attached to or used in connection with a commercial weighing or measuring device when that accessory is so designed or installed that its operation affects, or may affect, the accuracy of the device. See
• Commission: means the Vermont Pension Investment Commission. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Taxes. See
• Commodity in package form: means commodity put up or packaged in any manner in advance of sale in units suitable for either wholesale or retail sale, exclusive, however, of an auxiliary shipping container enclosing packages that individually conform to the requirements of this chapter. See
• common enterprise: means an enterprise in which the fortunes of the investor are interwoven with those of either the person offering the investment, a third party, or other investors; and

• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Consumer: means the purchaser, other than for purposes of resale, of a new motor vehicle or lessee of a new motor vehicle, other than for the purposes of sub-lease, that has not been previously leased by another person, any person to whom such motor vehicle is transferred during the duration of an express warranty applicable to the motor vehicle, and any other person entitled by the terms of the warranty to enforce the obligations of the warranty, but "consumer" shall not include any governmental entity or any business or commercial enterprise that registers or leases three or more motor vehicles. See
• Consumer: means any person who purchases, leases, contracts for, or otherwise agrees to pay consideration for goods or services not for resale in the ordinary course of the person's trade or business but for the person's use or benefit or the use or benefit of a member of the person's household, or in connection with the operation of the person's household or a farm whether or not the farm is conducted as a trade or business, or a person who purchases, leases, contracts for, or otherwise agrees to pay consideration for goods or services not for resale in the ordinary course of the person's trade or business but for the use or benefit of the person's business or in connection with the operation of the person's business. See
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contract for sale: includes both a present sale of goods and a contract to sell goods at a future time. See
• Contribution level: means the contribution rate for the participant that may be expressed as one of the following:

• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Covered employee: means an individual who is 18 years of age or older who is employed by a covered employer and who has wages or other compensation that are allocable to the State during a calendar year. See
• Covered employer: means a person, entity, or subsidiary engaged in a business, industry, profession, trade, or other enterprise in the State, whether for profit or not for profit, that has not offered to an employee, or is within a control group that maintains or contributes to, effective in form or operation at any time within the current calendar year or two preceding calendar years, a specified tax-favored retirement plan. See
• credit card terminal: means physical equipment used at the point of sale to accept payment by a payment card, including a credit card, debit card, EBT card, prepaid card, or gift card. See
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• customer: means any individual or entity who causes or caused a molder to fabricate, cast, or otherwise make a die, mold, or form or who causes or caused a molder to use a die, mold, or form to manufacture, assemble, or otherwise make a product or products. See
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Depository institution: means :

• Devisee: means any person designated in a will to receive a disposition of real or personal property. See
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Domestic: when applied to a corporation, company, association, or copartnership shall mean organized under the laws of this State; "foreign" when so applied, shall mean organized under the laws of another state, government, or country. See
• Dwelling: means any building, structure, or portion thereof that is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families and any vacant land that is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof. See
• Dwelling unit: means a building or the part of a building that is used as a home, residence, or sleeping place by one or more persons who maintain a household. See
• Emergency contraception: means any drug approved by the U. See
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• equity security: when used in this chapter means any stock or similar security; or any security convertible, with or without consideration, into such a security, or carrying any warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase such a security; or any such warrant or right; or any other security that the Commissioner of Financial Regulation shall consider to be of similar nature and consider necessary or appropriate, by such rules and regulations as he or she may prescribe in the public interest or for the protection of investors, to treat as an equity security. See
• ERISA: means the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, 29 U. See
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Express warranty: means express warranties as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code, 9A V. See
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal covered investment adviser: means a person registered under 15 U. See
• Federal covered security: means a security that is, or upon completion of a transaction will be, a covered security under 15 U. See
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fees: shall mean earnings due for official services, aside from salaries or per diem compensation. See
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Filing: means the receipt under this chapter of a record by the Commissioner or a designee of the Commissioner. See
• Financial expert: means an individual with material expertise and experience in institutional fund management or other significant pension or other relevant financial expertise. See
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Flower seed: includes seed of herbaceous plants grown for their blooms, ornamental foliage, or other ornamental parts and commonly known and sold under the name of flower seed. See
• following: when used by way of reference to a section of the law shall mean the next preceding or following section. See
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• gender identity: means an individual's actual or perceived gender identity, or gender-related characteristics intrinsically related to an individual's gender or gender-identity, regardless of the individual's assigned sex at birth. See
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guaranteed: means guaranteed as to payment of all principal and all interest. See
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Harass: means to engage in unwelcome conduct that detracts from, undermines, or interferes with a person's:

• Health information: means any oral or written information in any form or medium that relates to health insurance or the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of a client. See
• Heirs: means those persons, including the surviving spouse, who are entitled under the statutes of intestate succession to the property of a decedent. See
• Improper means: includes theft, bribery, misrepresentation, breach or inducement of a breach of a duty to maintain secrecy, or espionage through electronic or other means. See
• Independent: means an individual who does not have a direct or indirect material interest in the Plans. See
• inhabitants: shall mean the population of the political division referred to, as ascertained by the national census last completed before the time when such population is a material fact. See
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Inspector: means a State inspector of weights and measures. See
• Institutional investor: means any of the following, whether acting for itself or for others in a fiduciary capacity:

• Insurance company: means a company organized as an insurance company whose primary business is writing insurance or reinsuring risks underwritten by insurance companies and that is subject to supervision by the insurance commissioner or a similar official or agency of a state. See
• Insured: means insured as to payment of all principal and all interest. See
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Internal Revenue Code: means the U. See
• International banking institution: means an international financial institution of which the United States is a member and whose securities are exempt from registration under 15 U. See
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Intrastate commerce: means commerce or trade that is begun, carried on, and completed wholly within the limits of the State of Vermont, and the phrase "introduced into intrastate commerce" shall be construed to define the time and place at which the first sale and delivery being made either directly to the purchaser or to a common carrier for shipment to the purchaser. See
• introduced into intrastate commerce: shall be construed to define the time and place at which the first sale and delivery being made either directly to the purchaser or to a common carrier for shipment to the purchaser. See
• Investment adviser: means a person that, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities or that, for compensation and as a part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities. See
• Investment adviser representative: means an individual employed by or associated with an investment adviser or federal covered investment adviser and who makes any recommendations or otherwise gives investment advice regarding securities, manages accounts or portfolios of clients, determines which recommendation or advice regarding securities should be given, provides investment advice or holds himself or herself out as providing investment advice, receives compensation to solicit, offer, or negotiate for the sale of or for selling investment advice, or supervises employees who perform any of the foregoing. See
• IRA: means a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA. See
• Issuer: means a person that issues or proposes to issue a security, subject to the following:

• Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
• Justice: when applied to a person, other than a Justice of the Supreme Court, shall mean a justice of the peace for the county for which he or she is elected or appointed. See
• Labeling: includes tags or other devices attached to, or written, stamped, or printed on, any container or accompanying any lot of seeds. See
• Landlord: means the owner, lessor, or where applicable, the sublessor of a residential dwelling unit or the building of which it is a part. See
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Lessee: means any consumer who leases a motor vehicle pursuant to a written lease agreement for a term of two or more years. See
• Lessor: means a person engaged in a business of leasing goods to consumers. See
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensed public weighmaster: means a natural person licensed under this chapter. See
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Limited-services pregnancy center: means a pregnancy services center that does not directly provide, or provide referrals to clients for, abortions or emergency contraception. See
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Manufacturer: means any person, resident or nonresident, that manufactures or assembles new motor vehicles or imports for distribution through distributors of motor vehicles or any partnership, firm, association, joint venture, corporation, or trust, resident or nonresident, that is controlled by a manufacturer. See
• Misappropriation: means :

• molder: means any individual or entity, including a tool or die maker who fabricates, casts, or otherwise makes a die, mold, or form or who uses a die, mold, or form to manufacture, assemble, or otherwise make a product or products. See
• Month: shall mean a calendar month and "year" shall mean a calendar year and be equivalent to the expression "year of our Lord. See
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Motor vehicle: means a passenger motor vehicle that is purchased, leased, or registered in the State of Vermont, and shall not include tractors, motorized highway building equipment, road-making appliances, snowmobiles, motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, or the living portion of recreation vehicles, or trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating over 12,000 pounds. See
• Motor vehicle lessor: means a person who holds title to a motor vehicle leased to a lessee under a written lease agreement for a term of two or more years, or who holds the lessor's rights under such an agreement. See
• Municipality: shall include a city, town, town school district, incorporated school or fire district or incorporated village, and all other governmental incorporated units. See
• new motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle that is still under the manufacturer's express warranty or, in the case of the portion of a recreation vehicle that is subject to this chapter, that is still under an express warranty for the relevant component. See
• nonissuer distribution: means a transaction or distribution not directly or indirectly for the benefit of the issuer. See
• Normal wear and tear: means the deterioration that occurs, based upon the reasonable use for which the rental unit is intended, without negligence, carelessness, accident, or abuse of the premises or equipment or chattels by the tenant or members of his or her household or their invitees or guests. See
• Noxious weed seeds: include :

• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Offer to purchase: includes an attempt or offer to obtain, or solicitation of an offer to sell, a security or interest in a security for value. See
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: includes any person having a legal or beneficial interest in real estate that gives him or her the right to possession thereof. See
• Participant: means an individual who has an IRA under the Program. See
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Per stirpes: The legal means by which the children of a decedent, upon the death of an ancestor at a level above that of the decedent, receive by right of representation the share of the ancestor
• Person: means an individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint stock association, or body politic, including a trustee, receiver, assignee, or other similar representative. See
• Person: means an individual, a corporation, an organization, or other legal entity. See
• Person: means both the plural and singular, as the case demands and includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, companies, societies, and associations. See
• Person: means an individual; corporation; business trust; estate; trust; partnership; limited liability company; association; joint venture; government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation; or any other legal or commercial entity. See
• Person: shall include any natural person, corporation, municipality, the State of Vermont or any department, agency, or subdivision of the State, and any partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See
• Personal estate: shall include all property other than real estate. See
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal representative: includes executor, administrator, successor personal representative, special administrator, and persons who perform substantially the same function under the law governing their status. See
• physical or mental impairment: includes diseases and conditions such as orthopedic, visual, speech, and deafness or being hard of hearing, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, developmental disability, emotional disturbance, and substance use disorders, including drug addiction and alcoholism. See
• Place of public accommodation: means any school, restaurant, store, establishment, or other facility at which services, facilities, goods, privileges, advantages, benefits, or accommodations are offered to the general public. See
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plans: means the Vermont State Teachers' Retirement System, the Vermont State Employees' Retirement System, and the Vermont Municipal Employees' Retirement System pursuant to section 472 of this title, 16 V. See
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Predecessor act: means chapter 131 of this title. See
• Pregnancy services center: means a facility, including a mobile facility, where the primary purpose is to provide services to individuals who are or may be pregnant and that either offers obstetric ultrasounds, obstetric sonograms, or prenatal care to pregnant individuals or has the appearance of a medical facility. See
• Premises: means a dwelling unit, its appurtenances and the building, and the grounds, areas, and facilities held out for the use of tenants generally or whose use is promised to the tenant. See
• Premises: means land and improvements or appurtenances or any part thereof. See
• present sale: means a sale which is accomplished by the making of the contract. See
• Price amendment: means the amendment to a registration statement filed under 15 U. See
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Program: means the VT Saves Program established in accordance with this chapter. See
• Program: means the Market Vermont Program created by this subchapter. See
• Property: includes both real and personal property or any interest therein and means anything that may be the subject of ownership. See
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Protected tenant: means a tenant who is:

• Public accommodation: means an individual, organization, governmental, or other entity that owns, leases, leases to, or operates a place of public accommodation. See
• Public assistance: includes any assistance provided by federal, state, or local government, including medical and housing assistance. See
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Purchase price: means the total price paid or to be paid for the consumer goods or services, including all interest and service charges. See
• Qualified period: means a period of five years after the initial grant of a benefit or a time period set forth in any agreement executed by the State subsequent to the effective date of this subchapter. See
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Readily achievable: means easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense. See
• real estate: shall include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein, and pews or slips in places of public worship shall be treated as real estate. See
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Registering entity: means a person who originates or transfers a security title by registration and includes a broker maintaining security accounts for customers and a transfer agent or other person acting for or as an issuer of securities. See
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Rent: means all consideration to be made to or for the benefit of the landlord under the rental agreement, not including security deposits. See
• Rental agreement: means all agreements, written or oral, embodying terms and conditions concerning the use and occupancy of a dwelling unit and premises. See
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
• Roth IRA: means a Roth individual retirement account or Roth individual retirement annuity described in Section 408A of the Internal Revenue Code. See
• said: when used by way of reference to a person or thing shall apply to the same person or thing last mentioned. See
• sale: means barter and exchange. See
• Sale: includes every contract of sale, contract to sell, or disposition of a security or interest in a security for value, and "offer to sell" includes every attempt or offer to dispose of, or solicitation of an offer to purchase, a security or interest in a security for value. See
• seal: shall include an impression of the official seal made upon paper alone or by means of a wafer or wax affixed thereto. See
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Agriculture, Food and Markets or his or her designee. See
• Secretary: means the Secretary of the Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets or his or her designee. See
• Securities and Exchange Commission: means the U. See
• Security: means a share, participation, or other interest in property in a business or in an obligation of an enterprise or other issuer, and includes a certificated security, an uncertificated security, and a security account. See
• Security: means a note; stock; treasury stock; security future; bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in a profit-sharing agreement; collateral trust certificate; preorganization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on a security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities, including an interest therein or based on the value thereof; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency; or, in general, an interest or instrument commonly known as a "security"; or a certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing. See
• Security account: means :

• Self-regulatory organization: means any national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency registered under 15 U. See
• Seller: means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods. See
• semiweekly: means twice per week. See
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• services: shall include any objects, wares, goods, commodities, work, labor, intangibles, courses of instruction or training, securities, bonds, debentures, stocks, real estate, or other property or services of any kind. See
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• sexual orientation: means female or male homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. See
• Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
• Specified tax-favored retirement plan: means a plan, program, or arrangement that is tax qualified under or described in, and satisfies the requirements of, Section 401(a), Section 401(k), Section 403(a), Section 403(b), Section 408(k), Section 408(p), or Section 457(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, without regard to whether it constitutes an employee benefit plan under ERISA. See
• State: includes any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and any territory or possession subject to the legislative authority of the United States. See
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U. See
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• sworn: shall include affirmed. See
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tenant: means a person entitled under a rental agreement to occupy a residential dwelling unit to the exclusion of others. See
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Town: shall include city and wards or precincts therein; "selectboard members" and "board of civil authority" shall extend to and include the mayor and aldermen of cities; "trustees" shall extend to and include bailiffs of incorporated villages; and the laws applicable to the inhabitants and officers of towns shall be applicable to the inhabitants and similar officers of all municipal corporations. See
• Trade secret: means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that:

• trademark: as used in this subchapter includes any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof, adopted and used:

• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust: means the trust in which the assets of the Program are held. See
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Undue burden: means significant difficulty or expense. See
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Vegetable seeds: include the seeds of those crops that are grown in gardens and on truck farms and are generally known and sold under the name of vegetable or herb seeds in this State. See
• Vehicle: means any device in, upon, or by which any property, produce, commodity, or article is or may be transported or drawn. See
• Vendor: means :

• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Vermont Retirement Security Fund: means the fund established in section 534 of this chapter for the sole purpose of paying the administrative costs and expenses of the Program. See
• Village: shall mean an incorporated village. See
• Wages: means any compensation within the meaning of Section 219(f)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code that is received by an employee from an employer during a calendar year. See
• weight: as used in this chapter in connection with any commodity shall mean net weight. See
• Weights and measures: means all weights and measures of every kind, instruments and devices for weighing and measuring, and any appliances and accessories associated with any or all such instruments and devices including electric vehicle supply equipment available to the public, as defined in subdivision 2730(a)(14) of this title, but not including meters for the measurement of electricity, gas (natural or manufactured), or water when they are operated in a public utility system. See
• within three years following the last prior use: shall be construed to include any period following the last prior use of a die, mold, or form regardless of whether or not such period precedes April 14, 1981. See
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.