All companies, associations, and corporations organized under any law of this state, other than those relating to the organization of banks and trust companies, which assume or exercise any of the functions, powers, or privileges conferred upon banks or trust companies under any law of this state, shall be subject to all the limitations, penalties, and requirements incident or pertaining to these functions, powers, or privileges; and the stockholders or persons forming the same shall be liable in the same manner and to the same extent as if these companies, associations, and corporations were organized as banks or trust companies under this chapter.