(a) A driverless-capable vehicle may operate on the public highways of this state without a conventional human driver with the automated driving system engaged if the vehicle meets all of the following conditions:

(1) The vehicle is capable of achieving a minimal risk condition if a malfunction of the automated driving system occurs that renders the system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task within the system’s intended operational design domain, if any;

(2) while in driverless operation, the vehicle is capable of operating in compliance with the applicable traffic and motor vehicle safety laws and regulations of this state that govern the performance of the dynamic driving task;

(3) when required by federal law, the vehicle bears the required manufacturer’s certification label indicating that at the time of manufacture the vehicle has been certified to be in compliance with all applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards, including any reference to any exception granted by the national highway traffic safety administration; and

(4) the driverless-capable vehicle cannot exceed 34,000 pounds on tandem axles. The provisions of this paragraph shall expire and have no effect on and after July 1, 2025; and

(5) a conventional human driver shall be required to be physically present in every driverless-capable vehicle placed into service in Kansas for the 12 consecutive months from the date that such entity places a driverless-capable vehicle into service in this state. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to a person who operates a:

(A) Vehicle that is not designed, intended or marketed for human occupancy; or

(B) dedicated driverless-capable vehicle that lacks manual controls for operation by a conventional human driver.

(b) Prior to operating a driverless-capable vehicle on the public roads of this state without a conventional human driver, the owner of such driverless-capable vehicle shall submit a law enforcement interaction plan to the Kansas highway patrol that describes:

(1) How to communicate with a fleet support specialist who is available during the times the vehicle is in operation, and on which side of the vehicle contact information of the fleet support specialist is readily visible;

(2) information regarding safety considerations for first responders in dealing with a driverless-capable vehicle as the result of collision or fire;

(3) how to recognize whether the driverless-capable vehicle is in autonomous mode; and

(4) any additional information the manufacturer or owner deems necessary regarding hazardous conditions or public safety risks associated with the operation of the driverless-capable vehicle.

(c) (1) The operation of an ADS-equipped vehicle capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task within the automated driving system’s operational design domain on the public highways of this state while a conventional human driver is present and expected to respond to a request to intervene, shall be lawful. During such operation, the conventional human driver shall possess a valid driver’s license pursuant to Kan. Stat. Ann. § 8-234b, and amendments thereto, and shall be subject to the required insurance, self-insurance or other financial security required pursuant to Kan. Stat. Ann. § 40-3104, and amendments thereto. The conventional human driver shall operate the ADS-equipped vehicle according to the manufacturer’s requirements and specifications and shall regain manual control of the vehicle when prompted by the automated driving system.

(2) An automated driving system, while engaged, shall be designed to operate within the system’s operational design domain in compliance with the applicable traffic and motor vehicle safety laws and regulations of this state that govern the performance of the dynamic driving task.

(d) Except as provided in this section, the motor vehicle laws of this state shall not be construed to require a conventional human driver to operate a driverless-capable vehicle that is being operated by an automated driving system. The automated driving system, while engaged, shall be deemed to fulfill any physical acts required of a conventional human driver to perform the dynamic driving task.

(e) Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 8-2901 through 8-2910, and amendments thereto, shall not be construed to modify the responsibilities of a conventional human driver that operates a system-equipped vehicle when the automated driving system is not engaged.