The term “preexisting condition exclusion” includes any limitation or exclusion of benefits, including a denial of coverage, applicable to an individual as a result of information relating to an individual’s health status before the individual’s effective date of coverage (or if coverage is denied, the date of the denial) under an individual or group health maintenance organization policy, contract, plan, or agreement, such as a condition identified as a result of a pre-enrollment questionnaire or physical examination given to the individual, or review of medical records relating to the pre-enrollment period.