N.Y. General Business Law 391-M – Manufacture and sale of in-line skates; regulation of
§ 391-m. Manufacture and sale of in-line skates; regulation of. 1. As used in this section, the term:
Terms Used In N.Y. General Business Law 391-M
- Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
(a) "Protective gear" shall mean the following: a helmet meeting the standards established by the commissioner of motor vehicles pursuant to subdivision two-a of § 1238 of the vehicle and traffic law; and wrist guards, elbow pads, and knee pads of such standards, designs, sizes, strengths, and thicknesses as will reduce the risk to the wearer of serious physical injury caused by impact to the body part on which such protective gear is designed to be worn, such as, but not limited to, from falls and collisions.
(b) "In-line skate" shall mean a manufactured or assembled device each consisting of an upper portion that is intended to be secured to a human foot, with a frame or chassis attached along the length of the bottom of such upper portion, with such frame or chassis holding two or more wheels that are longitudinally aligned and used to skate or glide, by means of human foot and leg power while having such device attached to each such foot or leg.
(c) "Brake" shall mean a part which is secured to an in-line skate, as defined in paragraph (b) of this subdivision, and intended to enable the user to control his or her speed and/or come to a stop.
(d) "Warning instruction" shall mean a label, hangtag, shield or plate which is clearly visible to the consumer, with substantially the following notice printed in clear and conspicuous type: "WARNING ! REDUCE THE RISK OF SERIOUS INJURY AND ONLY USE THESE SKATES WHILE WEARING FULL PROTECTIVE GEAR – HELMET, WRIST GUARDS, ELBOW PADS, AND KNEE PADS."
2. (a) No person, firm, corporation, or other legal entity which manufactures or assembles in-line skates shall manufacture, assemble, sell, offer to sell, or distribute in this state such in-line skates unless: (i) at least one such in-line skate in each pair manufactured or assembled is manufactured or assembled with a brake, as defined in this section; and (ii) at least one such in-line skate in each pair manufactured or assembled contains a warning instruction, as defined in this section, either on at least one such in-line skate in each pair or on the outside of the box in which such pair of in-line skates is sold or offered for sale at retail; and (iii) each such pair of in-line skates which contains a user's guide or buyer's instruction manual also contains a warning instruction, as defined in this section, within or on such guide or manual; and, (iv) every in-line skate is equipped with a reflective device or material meeting the standards established by rules and regulations promulgated by the commissioner of motor vehicles. Each pair of in-line skates which is manufactured or assembled by a person, firm, corporation, or other legal entity for special use by highly skilled or expert skaters or for sale or distribution through custom orders, such as in-line hockey skates and in-line speed skates, is exempt from the requirements of items (i) and (iv) of this paragraph, provided that such person, firm, corporation or other legal entity which manufactures or assembles such pair of in-line skates clearly and conspicuously labels at least one in-line skate in each such pair of in-line skates or the outside of the box in which such pair of in-line skates is sold or offered for sale at retail with the following warning in substantially the following form: "WARNING: THESE IN-LINE SKATES CONTAIN NO BRAKES OR REFLECTIVE MATERIAL AND ARE INTENDED FOR HIGHLY SKILLED OR EXPERT SKATERS ONLY".
(b) No person, firm, corporation or other legal entity which is regularly engaged in the business of selling, offering for sale, or distributing in-line skates at retail for consumer use, shall sell, offer to sell, or distribute in this state such in-line skates unless such in-line skates conform to the manufacturing requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this subdivision.
(c) No person, firm, corporation, or other legal entity which is regularly engaged in the business of selling, offering for sale, or distributing in-line skates at retail, for consumer use, shall offer such in-line skates for sale in the normal course of business in this state unless such person, firm, corporation, or other legal entity contemporaneously offers for sale upon the same premises protective gear, as defined in this section.
(d) Whenever there shall be a violation of this section, an application may be made by the attorney general in the name of the people of the state of New York to a court or justice having jurisdiction by a special proceeding to issue an injunction, and upon notice to the defendant of not less than five days, to enjoin and restrain the continuance of such violation; and if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the court or justice that the defendant has, in fact, violated this article, an injunction may be issued by such court or justice, enjoining and restraining any further violation, without requiring proof that any person has, in fact, been injured or damaged thereby. In any such proceeding, the court may make allowances to the attorney general as provided in paragraph six of subdivision (a) of § 8303 of the civil practice law and rules, and direct restitution. Whenever the court shall determine that a violation of this article has occurred, the court may impose a civil penalty of not more than five hundred dollars for such violation. In connection with any such proposed application, the attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of the relevant facts and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the civil practice law and rules.
(e) No person, firm, corporation or other legal entity which is regularly engaged in the business of manufacturing, distributing, selling, or offering for sale in-line skates shall be deemed to have violated the provisions of this subdivision, if such person, firm, corporation or other legal entity shows by a preponderance of evidence that the violation was not intentional and resulted from a bona fide error made notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adopted to avoid any such error.
(f) This subdivision shall not apply to the sale of in-line skates or protective gear sold or offered for sale by consumers for consumer use.