(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a person who directly or indirectly controls an investment adviser is jointly and severally liable with the investment adviser under this subchapter and to the same extent as the investment adviser.
(b) The controlling person is not liable under Subsection (a) if the controlling person sustains the burden of proof that the controlling person did not know, and in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known, of the existence of the facts by reason of which liability is alleged to exist.

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Terms Used In Texas Government Code 4008.102

  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Person: includes corporation, organization, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, and any other legal entity. See Texas Government Code 311.005

(c) A person who directly or indirectly with intent to deceive or defraud or with reckless disregard for the truth or the law materially aids an investment adviser in conduct for which a cause of action is authorized by this subchapter is jointly and severally liable with the investment adviser in an action to recover damages under this subchapter.