Texas Insurance Code 443.207 – Liability of Transferee
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent that the receiver obtains an order under Section 443.201 or avoids a transfer under Section 443.202, 443.203, 443.204, 443.205, or 443.206, the receiver may recover the property transferred, or the value of the property, from:
(1) the initial transferee of the transfer or the entity for whose benefit the transfer was made; or
(2) any immediate or mediate transferee of the initial transferee.
(b) The receiver may not recover under Subsection (a)(2) from:
(1) a transferee that takes for value, including satisfaction or securing of a present or antecedent debt, in good faith, and without knowledge of the voidability of the transfer avoided; or
(2) any immediate or mediate good faith transferee of the transferee.
Terms Used In Texas Insurance Code 443.207
- Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
- Person: includes corporation, organization, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, and any other legal entity. See Texas Government Code 311.005
- Property: means real and personal property. See Texas Government Code 311.005
(c) Any transfer avoided in accordance with this chapter is preserved for the benefit of the receivership estate, but only with respect to property of the insurer.
(d) In addition to the remedies specifically provided under Sections 443.201-443.206 and Subsection (a), if the receiver is successful in establishing a claim to the property or any part of the property, the receiver is entitled to recover judgment for:
(1) rental for the use of the tangible property from the later of the entry of the receivership order or the date of the transfer;
(2) in the case of funds or intangible property, the greater of:
(A) the actual interest or income earned by the property; or
(B) interest at the statutory rate for judgments from the later of the date of the entry of the receivership order or the date of the transfer; and
(3) except as to recoveries from guaranty associations, all costs, including investigative costs and other expenses necessary to the recovery of the property or funds, and reasonable attorney’s fees.
(e) In any action under this section, the receivership court may allow the receiver to seek recovery of the property involved or the property’s value.
(f) In any action under Sections 443.201-443.206, the receiver has the burden of proving the avoidability of a transfer, and the person against whom recovery or avoidance is sought has the burden of proving the nature and extent of any affirmative defense.