§ 600.2901 Actions abolished; alienation of affections, criminal conversation, seduction, and breach of contract to marry
§ 600.2902 Actions abolished; certain real actions
§ 600.2903 Judgment in tort; renewal; continuance of remedies
§ 600.2905 Civil actions by state; laws applicable
§ 600.2906 Confession of judgment
§ 600.2907 Malicious prosecution or action; civil liability, penalty
§ 600.2907a Violation of MCL 565.25; liability to owner of encumbered property; penalty
§ 600.2909 Stockholders; individual liability for corporate debts; enforcement; labor debts
§ 600.2910 Action for seduction
§ 600.2911 Action for libel or slander
§ 600.2912 Actions for malpractice; member of state licensed profession
§ 600.2912a Action alleging malpractice; burden of proof
§ 600.2912b Action alleging medical malpractice; notice; mailing; notice period; statement; access to medical records; tacking successive notice periods; response; failure to receive response; health profess
§ 600.2912c Action alleging medical malpractice; filing affidavit certifying noninvolvement; dismissal of claim; reinstatement of party; discovery
§ 600.2912d Action alleging medical malpractice; complaint to be accompanied by affidavit of merit; filing extension; failure to allow access to medical records
§ 600.2912e Action alleging medical malpractice; filing answer to complaint; filing affidavit of meritorious defense; failure to allow access to medical records
§ 600.2912f Waiver of privilege; permissible communication; disclosure not as violation of law
§ 600.2912g Arbitration
§ 600.2912h Settlement agreement
§ 600.2913 Minor maliciously or wilfully destroying property or causing bodily harm or injury to person; recovery of damages from parents
§ 600.2914 Discharge in bankruptcy; cancellation of judgment, procedure; notice to judgment creditor; judgments from other states; “judgment” defined; judgments under MCL 257.513
§ 600.2915 Actions for taxes due other states; reciprocity
§ 600.2916 Lethal gases for fumigation; liability; damages; means of ingress; locking; posting; permission to enter; notice; violation as felony; penalty
§ 600.2917 Liability of library, merchant, agent, or independent contractor for conduct involving person suspected of larceny of goods or library materials, or of violating MCL 750.356c or MCL 750.356d; def
§ 600.2917a Detention of individual believed by owner or lessee of theatrical facility to have violated MCL 750.465a
§ 600.2918 Damages for forcible entry and detainer; damages for unlawful interference with possessory interest; exceptions; opening of probate estate; forcible entry or possession by occupant; action for po
§ 600.2919 Damage or waste to land; damages; injunction; contempt
§ 600.2919a Recovery of damages, costs, and attorney’s fees by person damaged; remedy cumulative
§ 600.2920 Unlawful taking or detention of goods or chattels; civil action to recover possession and damages; conditions; surrender or recovery of books or papers pertaining to office
§ 600.2921 Survival of actions; death of injured person during pendency of action
§ 600.2922 Death by wrongful act, neglect, or fault of another; liability; action by personal representative; limitation; notice; approval or rejection of proposed settlement; award and distribution of dama
§ 600.2922a Wrongful or negligent act resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or physical injury; liability; exceptions; “physician or other licensed health professional” defined
§ 600.2922b Use of deadly force or other than deadly force by individual in self-defense; immunity from civil liability
§ 600.2922c Individual sued for using deadly force or force other than deadly force; award of attorney fees and costs; conditions
§ 600.2923 Action on official or other bond; assignment of specific breaches; pendancy of suit; notice by surety; damages paid equal or less than liability of surety; execution; levy; judgments in excess of
§ 600.2924 Bill of discovery
§ 600.2925a Right of contribution where judgment not recovered; limitation on recovery; effect of settlement; defenses; intervention; subrogation; right of indemnity; breach of fiduciary obligation; liabilit
§ 600.2925b Determining pro rata shares of tortfeasors
§ 600.2925c Enforcement of contribution; absence of judgment as bar to contribution; discharge of other tort-feasors; judgment binding in determining right to contribution
§ 600.2925d Effect of release, covenant not to sue, or covenant not to enforce judgment
§ 600.2926 Jurisdiction to appoint receivers; termination
§ 600.2926a Cemetery receivers and conservators; appointments; term; accounting; compensation and expenses
§ 600.2927 Mortgaged property; nonpayment of taxes or insurance as waste; appointment of receiver; conditions
§ 600.2928 Land of infants and incompetents; disposition; discharge of incumbrance; effect of will or conveyance; proceeds of sale; dower; court orders; infant or incompetent as ward of court; proceedings;
§ 600.2929 Lands held in trust; sale by fiduciary, orders of court
§ 600.2930 Life estate; sale on order of court; bond; confirmation; effect of conveyance, will, or order of court; proceedings
§ 600.2932 Quieting title; interest of plaintiff; action by mortgagee; establishment of title; tenancy in common; actions
§ 600.2934 Quieting title; lands owned by corporation after expiration of term; complaint; stockholders and creditors of corporation as defendants; service; judgment; damages; costs; actions
§ 600.2935 Quieting title; recording of judgment
§ 600.2936 Probate in chancery of foreign will; proof by copy; legal representative’s bill of peace
§ 600.2937 Obstructions and encroachments on public highways, streets and alleys; circuit court; relief
§ 600.2938 Obscene matter; injunction; adjudication; temporary or preliminary injunction; effect of injunction; distribution of obscene matter after summons and complaint; delegation of authority; criminal
§ 600.2939 Gaming; action by loser; oath of parties; prosecution according to common law; forfeiture; limitation; securities; lands enuring of benefit
§ 600.2940 Nuisance; abatement; circuit court; injunction; private nuisance; damages; warrant to abate and remove nuisance; expense; actions
§ 600.2941 Artesian or flowing well; certain condition deemed nuisance; abatement; damages; unreasonable or unnecessary waste; order or judgment; reopening
§ 600.2942 Public securities validation; action to contest validity; counterclaim; third party complaint; continuances; amendment; notice to appear; service; publication of order to appear; parties; other a
§ 600.2943 Quieting title; relief to defendant on rehearing
§ 600.2944 Access to adjoining property for repairs or improvements
§ 600.2945 Definitions
§ 600.2946 Product liability action; admissible evidence
§ 600.2946a Determination of damages; limitation
§ 600.2947 Product liability action; liability of manufacturer or seller
§ 600.2948 Death or injury; warnings as evidence
§ 600.2949a Knowledge of defective product
§ 600.2949b Automated motor vehicle; liability of manufacturer, subcomponent system producer, or motor vehicle mechanic or motor vehicle repair facility; applicability of MCL 600.2945 to 600.2949a; definitio
§ 600.2950 Personal protection order; restraining or enjoining spouse, former spouse, individual with child in common, individual in dating relationship, or person residing or having resided in same househo
§ 600.2950a Personal protection order restraining or enjoining individual from engaging in conduct prohibited under MCL 750.411h, 750.411i, or 750.411s; facts alleging stalking; conduct; respondent required
§ 600.2950b Forms; liability of individual providing assistance
§ 600.2950c Assistance with personal protection order; domestic violence victim advocate
§ 600.2950h Definitions
§ 600.2950i Foreign protection order; validity; affirmative defenses
§ 600.2950j Foreign protection order; subject to full faith and credit and enforcement; child custody or support provision
§ 600.2950k Foreign protection order; issuance against petitioner and respondent; conditions; “spouse or intimate partner” defined
§ 600.2950l Foreign protection order
§ 600.2950m Foreign protection order; violation as misdemeanor; penalty
§ 600.2950n Order to transfer billing and rights to wireless telephone number to petitioner; conditions; forms
§ 600.2950o Order issued under MCL 600.2950n; service; inability of wireless telephone service provider to effectuate order; notice; suspension of order; assumption of financial responsibility by petitioner;
§ 600.2951 “Approved signaling device” and “pistol” defined; use of approved signaling device; strict liability for damages; exception
§ 600.2952 Failure of maker to pay amount of dishonored check, draft, or order; liability; written demand for payment; delivery and text; effect of payment before trial; jurisdiction of action
§ 600.2953 Retail fraud; liability; civil damages; demand for payment; text; noncompliance; effect of payment; jurisdiction; civil action against parent; formal police report; violation by merchant precludi
§ 600.2953a Motion picture recording violation
§ 600.2954 Maintaining civil action against individual engaging in prohibited conduct; “victim” defined
§ 600.2955 Scientific or expert opinion or evidence; admissibility
§ 600.2955a Impaired ability to function due to influence of intoxicating liquor or controlled substance as absolute defense; definitions
§ 600.2955b Plaintiff’s action for individual’s bodily injury or death during commission of felony; dismissal with prejudice; stay of civil action until final disposition; period of limitations; applicabilit
§ 600.2956 Several and joint liability
§ 600.2956a Certificate of employability as evidence of due care
§ 600.2957 Determination and allocation of fault; action against nonparty; amendment of pleading; assessment of fault against nonparty
§ 600.2958 Plaintiff’s contributory fault not as bar to recovery of damages
§ 600.2959 Comparative fault; reduced damages
§ 600.2960 Burden of proof; cause of action
§ 600.2961 Definitions; determining when commission due; payment of commissions; liability; attorney fees and costs; jurisdiction; contract waiver void; applicability of section
§ 600.2962 Malpractice action against certified public accountant
§ 600.2962[1] Definitions; unauthorized receipt of cable or satellite television service; action to enjoin; damages; actual damages not required; separate causes of action
§ 600.2962a Definitions; injunction; damages; civil action; court actions; actual damages or convictions not prerequisite to action; additional penalties or remedies; separate causes of action
§ 600.2963 Commencement of civil action or filing appeal in civil action by prisoner; payment of filing fees and costs; claim of indigency; failure to pay fees and costs
§ 600.2964 Social security or credit card number on check as condition of acceptance; requirement prohibited; exceptions; prima facie evidence of identity; violation; penalty; “sale at retail” defined
§ 600.2965 Recovery of damages by firefighter or police officer; preclusion abolished
§ 600.2966 Injury to firefighter or police officer; governmental immunity
§ 600.2967 Recovery of damages by firefighter or police officer; circumstances as proof; construction of section; definitions
§ 600.2971 Wrongful birth or wrongful life claims; prohibitions; exceptions
§ 600.2972 Allegation of domestic violence; consideration of motion to seal court records; “domestic violence” defined
§ 600.2973 Field crop produced for crop research or testing; intentional damage or destruction; damage award; definitions
§ 600.2974 Limitation of civil liability for weight gain or obesity; requirements for cause of action; definitions
§ 600.2975 Publishing instructions for manufacture or creation of methamphetamine; commencement of action; court order; relief; exception; definitions
§ 600.2975a Entry of judgment for damages; notice to department
§ 600.2976 Seller or end user who stores, secures, uses, transports, or protects anhydrous ammonia; immunity from tort liability; applicability; definitions
§ 600.2977 Liquefied petroleum gas business; protection from liability; exception; definitions
§ 600.2978 Court action by victim of female genital mutilation; remedies; definitions
§ 600.2979 Action for trespass, unjust enrichment, or other action; Michigan electric cooperative easement; rebuttable presumption; liability; damages; definitions
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 29 - Provisions Concerning Specific Actions

  • Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
  • Administrator: means a third party other than the warrantor who is designated by the warrantor to be responsible for the administration of vehicle protection product warranties in this state. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Adult driver training: means instruction that is provided to an individual 18 years of age or older in the operation of a motor vehicle, other than a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 7a of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • Alcohol: means the product of distillation of fermented liquid, whether or not rectified or diluted with water, but does not mean ethyl or industrial alcohol, diluted or not, that has been denatured or otherwise rendered unfit for beverage purposes. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Alcoholic liquor: means any spirituous, vinous, malt, or fermented liquor, powder, liquids, and compounds, whether or not medicated, proprietary, patented, and by whatever name called, containing 1/2 of 1% or more of alcohol by volume that are fit for use for food purposes or beverage purposes as defined and classified by the commission according to alcoholic content as belonging to 1 of the varieties defined in this chapter. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • Animals: means cattle, horses, sheep, swine, mules, burros, or goats. See Michigan Laws 433.11
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Applicant: means a person that applies for a license or for registration under this act. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Approved tasting room: means a tasting room that is approved by the commission. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Athletic event: means a real world professional, collegiate, or nationally recognized sports game, contest, or competition that involves the physical exertion and skill of the participating individual athletes, as to which each participant is physically present at the location in which the sports game, contest, or competition occurs, and the outcome of the sports game, contest, or competition is directly dependent on the performance of the participating athletes. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Authorized distribution agent: means a person approved by the commission to do 1 or more of the following:
    (a) To store spirits owned by a supplier of spirits or the commission. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Bailiff: a court officer who enforces the rules of behavior in courtrooms.
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Bar: means a barrier or counter at which alcoholic liquor is sold to, served to, or consumed by customers. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Beer: means a beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation of an infusion or decoction of barley, malt, hops, sugar, or other cereal in potable water. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Behind-the-wheel instruction: means instruction to which either of the following applies:
    •     (i) A student is in control of a motor vehicle on a public street or highway in real and varied traffic situations and a driver education instructor is the only other occupant in the front passenger seating area with the student. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Board: means the Michigan gaming control board created under section 4 of the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, 1996 IL 1, MCL 432. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • Board: means the Michigan gaming control board created under section 4 of the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, 1996 IL 1, MCL 432. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • bottling: means a process, separate from manufacturing, using owned or leased equipment to fill and seal a container, including a keg, with alcoholic liquor for sale at wholesale or retail in accordance with this act. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brand: means any word, name, group of letters, symbol, trademark, or combination thereof adopted and used by a supplier to identify a specific beer, malt beverage, wine, mixed wine drink, or mixed spirit drink product and to distinguish that product from another beer, malt beverage, wine, mixed wine drink, or mixed spirit drink product that is produced or marketed by that or another supplier. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brand extension: means any brand that incorporates all or a substantial part of the unique features of a preexisting brand, regardless of whether the extension is beer, wine, mixed wine drink, or mixed spirit drink. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brandy: means an alcoholic liquor as defined in 27 C. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brandy manufacturer: means a wine maker or a small wine maker licensed under this act to manufacture brandy. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brewer: means a person located in this state that is licensed to manufacture beer and sell at retail in accordance with section 537 and to licensed wholesalers beer manufactured by the person. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Brewpub: means a license issued in conjunction with a class C, tavern, class A hotel, or class B hotel license that authorizes the person licensed with the class C, tavern, class A hotel, or class B hotel to manufacture and brew not more than 18,000 barrels of beer per calendar year in this state and sell at its licensed premises the beer produced for consumption on or off the licensed brewery premises in the manner provided for in sections 405, 407, and 537. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Carrier pigeon: means homing and racing pigeons which have the name of the owner stamped upon the wing or tail, or are banded upon the leg with the name or initials of the owner or with an identification or registration number stamped on the band. See Michigan Laws 433.351
  • Casino: means a building or buildings in which gaming is lawfully conducted under the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, 1996 IL 1, MCL 432. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • Civil infraction: means an act or omission that is prohibited by a law and is not a crime under that law or that is prohibited by an ordinance, as defined in section 8701, and is not a crime under that ordinance, and for which civil sanctions may be ordered. See Michigan Laws 600.113
  • Classroom instruction: means that part of a driver education course that occurs in a classroom environment that enables a student to learn through varied instructional methods, under the direct guidance of a driver education instructor. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Collectible currency: means a medium of exchange including coins, bank notes, government notes, and paper money that has a value greater than face value. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Commercial vehicle driver training: means instruction equivalent to or exceeding entry-level driver training in 49 C. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • Contraband: means any property that is prohibited by any law to be owned, carried, concealed, or possessed. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Conviction: means a conviction for a crime or attempted crime whether under a law of this state, a local ordinance substantially corresponding to a law of this state, or a law of another state substantially corresponding to a law of this state. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • cooperating instructor: means a driver education instructor approved by the secretary of state to participate in a practicum course to mentor an uncertified driver education instructor in the practicum. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
  • counterclaim: as used in this act , includes setoff and recoupment. See Michigan Laws 600.111
  • Currency: means a medium of exchange including coins, bank notes, government notes, and paper money that has a value not greater than face value. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Curriculum: means a written plan that guides the instruction given in a driver education course and includes performance objectives, a content outline, detailed learning activities, and assessment tools. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Department: means the department of labor and economic growth. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Department: means the health department of any city, village, township, or county and shall include the head of such department or any employee acting in his stead. See Michigan Laws 433.351
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Designated representative or coordinator: means the individual that a driver education provider employs, enlists, or appoints, or contracts with to supervise, manage, and administer the day-to-day responsibilities of the provider's driver education school operation. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • Dower: A widow
  • Driver education course: means a program of study offered by a certified driver education provider, that enables a student to acquire the basic knowledge, skill, and attitude necessary to operate a motor vehicle upon a highway transportation system. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Driver education course certificate of completion: means a written or electronic authorization issued by a certified driver education provider to a student who has successfully completed segment 1, segment 2, or entry-level driver training of a driver education course offered by the provider. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Driver education instructor: means a person who the secretary of state certifies has met the instructor qualifications of this act to instruct a student in a driver education course. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • Driver education instructor certificate: means a written or electronic authorization issued by the secretary of state to indicate that a person has met the instructor qualifications of this act to instruct a student in a driver education course. See Michigan Laws 256.623
  • driver education instructor preparation courses: means the courses that are required to obtain a driver education instructor certificate. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Driver education instructor preparation program: means a program of driver education instructor preparation courses offered by a college or university or by a person approved by the secretary of state. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Driver education provider certificate: means a written or electronic authorization issued by the secretary of state to indicate that a person has met the driver education provider qualifications of this act. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Educational institution: means a public school, nonpublic school, or public school academy as those terms are defined in section 5 of the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) Source: OCC
  • Eligible recipient: means a city, village, county, township, school district, intermediate school district, university, community college, private nonprofit organization, public school academy, or governmental authority, or an agency or department of a city, village, county, township, school district, intermediate school district, or a private nonprofit organization. See Michigan Laws 434.181a
  • Entry fee: means cash or cash equivalent paid by a participant to a fantasy contest operator in order to participate in a fantasy contest. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Established office location: means a building that meets all of the following requirements:
    •     (i) Is of a permanent nature where the provider's communications and notices are received. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Evidence: means any property that furnishes or tends to furnish proof in a legal matter. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Fantasy contest: means a simulated game or contest with an entry fee that meets all of the following conditions:
    •     (i) No fantasy contest team is composed of the entire roster of a real world sports team. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fantasy contest adjusted revenues: means the amount equal to the total of all entry fees that a fantasy contest operator collects from all fantasy contest players minus the total of all sums paid out as prizes or awards to all fantasy contest players, multiplied by the in-state percentage. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fantasy contest operator: means a person that operates, carries on, conducts, maintains, exposes, or offers for play fantasy contests and awards prizes of value and includes a licensed fantasy contest operator, a casino licensee under the Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, 1996 IL 1, MCL 432. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fantasy contest platform: means any digital or online method through which a fantasy contest operator provides access to a fantasy contest. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fantasy contest player: means an individual who participates in a fantasy contest offered by a fantasy contest operator. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fantasy contest team: means the simulated team composed of multiple individual athletes, each of whom is a member of a real world sports team, that a fantasy contest player selects to compete in a fantasy contest. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • firearm: except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive. See Michigan Laws 8.3t
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC
  • Fund: means the motor vehicle accident claims fund. See Michigan Laws 257.1102
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Governmental agency: means an agency of the federal government, a state government, a county, city, village, or township, or a combination of any of these entities. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Graduated driver license: means a license issued by the secretary of state under section 310e of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e
  • Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
  • grantor: may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. See Michigan Laws 8.3e
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Hazardous material: means explosives, pyrotechnics, flammable gas, flammable compressed gas, nonflammable compressed gas, flammable liquid, oxidizing material, poisonous gas, poisonous liquid, irritating material, etiologic material, radioactive material, corrosive material, or liquefied petroleum gas. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Highly experienced player: means a fantasy contest player who has done at least 1 of the following:
    •     (i) Entered more than 1,000 fantasy contests offered by a single fantasy contest operator. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Holding company: means a corporation, firm, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, trust, or other form of business organization that is not an individual and that directly or indirectly does either of the following:
    •     (i) Holds an ownership interest of 5% or more, as determined by the board, in a fantasy contest operator. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
  • in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
  • In-state percentage: means for each fantasy contest, the percentage, rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent, equal to the total entry fees collected from all in-state participants divided by the total entry fees collected from all participants in the fantasy contest, unless otherwise prescribed by the board. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Incidental costs: means expenses specified in a warranty incurred by a warranty holder and related to the failure of a vehicle protection product to perform as provided in the warranty. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • inhabitant: means a resident of a city, township, village, district or county. See Michigan Laws 8.3f
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • Internet: means the international computer network of interoperable packet-switched data networks, inclusive of additional technological platforms, such as mobile, satellite, and other electronic distribution channels. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
  • Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
  • judgment: as used in this act , includes decree. See Michigan Laws 600.112
  • Junk: means any property that does not have any fair market value or worth. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Key employee: means an employee of a fantasy contest operator who has the power to exercise significant influence over decisions concerning the fantasy contest operator. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Law enforcement agency: means the sheriff of a county, or the law enforcement agency of a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 434.181a
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
  • Legal owner: means any individual, organization, partnership, company, corporation, or governmental agency who had care, custody, or control over the property and can establish ownership to the satisfaction of the law enforcement agency by description, title, sales receipt, bill of goods, or other means. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. Source: U.S. Mint
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • Licensed fantasy contest operator: means a fantasy contest operator that is licensed by the board under this act. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Loft: means any structure in which carrier pigeons are housed. See Michigan Laws 433.351
  • Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
  • Management company: means a person retained by a fantasy contest operator to manage a fantasy contest platform and provide general administration and other operational services. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
  • Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
  • month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
  • Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
  • Multiple vehicle driving facility: means that part of a driver education course that enables the driver education instructor, from a position outside the vehicle, and using electronic or oral communication, to teach and supervise several students simultaneously, each of whom is operating a vehicle at an off-street facility specifically designed for that type of instruction. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC
  • nonpublic continuing care retirement center: means a residential community that, as determined by the commission, meets both of the following conditions:
    •     (a) Provides full-time residential housing predominantly for individuals over the age of 62. See Michigan Laws 436.1545
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • oath: shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed". See Michigan Laws 8.3k
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Owner: means a person who has a right of property in an animal, a person who keeps or harbors an animal or has it in his or her care, or a person who permits an animal to remain on or about the premises occupied by him or her. See Michigan Laws 433.11
  • Parking area: means an area used by the public as a means of access to and egress from, and for the free parking of motor vehicles by patrons of a shopping center, business, factory, hospital, institution, or similar building or location. See Michigan Laws 257.941
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Perishable property: means any property subject to quick deterioration or spoilage except when maintained under proper conditions. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, limited liability company, educational institution, governmental agency or other legal or commercial entity, and their legal successors. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Person: includes natural persons, firms, copartnerships, associations, and corporations, except this state or an agency or political subdivision of this state. See Michigan Laws 257.1102
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, limited liability company, federally recognized Indian tribe, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
  • Practicum: means classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction in a driver education course under the direction of an instructor employed, enlisted, or appointed by a college or university or by a person approved by the secretary of state and a cooperating instructor, providing practical application of theory and experience for a student in an approved driver education instructor preparation program. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Private nonprofit organization: means a private organization exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code, 26 USC 501(c)(3). See Michigan Laws 434.181a
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Professional development requirements: means training prescribed by the secretary of state to update the instructional knowledge and skill of a driver education instructor. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Property: means anything which is the subject of ownership and is corporeal, tangible, visible, or personal, or that has an exchange value. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Property of major value: means any property that is not collectible currency, contraband, currency, evidence, hazardous material, junk, perishable property, or property of minor value. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Property of minor value: means any property whose fair market value is less than the total cost of preparing a property report, plus the costs of storage and disposition, and which is not collectible currency, contraband, currency, evidence, hazardous material, junk, perishable property, or property of major value. See Michigan Laws 434.21
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Protected information: means information related to the playing of fantasy contests by fantasy contest players that is obtained by a fantasy contest operator. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • provider: means a person that meets the requirements in subparagraph (i), if not excluded under subparagraph (ii), as follows:
    •     (i) Maintains or obtains the facilities and certified instructors to give instruction in the driving of a motor vehicle or maintains or obtains the facilities and certified instructors to prepare an applicant for an exam given by the secretary of state for a license as defined in section 25 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 256.625
  • Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Revocation: means the termination of a driver education provider's certification or a driver education instructor's certification. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Running at large: refers to an animal not under the control of an owner and not on an owner's premises. See Michigan Laws 433.11
  • Script: means a list of commands that a fantasy-contest-related computer program can execute and that is created by a fantasy contest player, or by a third party for a fantasy contest player, to automate processes on a fantasy contest platform. See Michigan Laws 432.502
  • seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
    •     (a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n
  • Secretary: means the secretary of state acting as director of the fund. See Michigan Laws 257.1102
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c
  • Shopping center: means a minimum area of 3 acres of land on which there is located 1 or more stores or business establishments, and where there is provided a parking area. See Michigan Laws 257.941
  • Simulator device training: means that part of a driver education course where a driver education instructor uses interactive simulator units and programs to reproduce driving situations likely to occur in actual driving on a street and the student is required to evaluate risk, make decisions, and respond to the situations presented. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Sports betting: means to operate, conduct, or offer for play wagering conducted under this act on athletic events and other events approved by the board. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • sports betting equipment: means any mechanical, electronic, or other device, mechanism, or equipment used in the operation of internet sports betting that directly affects the wagering and results of internet sports betting offered under this act. See Michigan Laws 432.403
  • state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • State civil infraction: means a civil infraction involving either of the following:
    •     (i) A violation of state law that is designated by statute as a state civil infraction. See Michigan Laws 600.113
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • supplier: means a brewer, micro brewer, an outstate seller of beer, a wine maker, a small wine maker, an outstate seller of wine, a manufacturer of mixed wine drink, an outstate seller of a mixed wine drink, a mixed spirit drink manufacturer, or an outstate seller of mixed spirit drink. See Michigan Laws 436.1105
  • Suspension: means the temporary withdrawal of a person's certification to engage or offer to engage in activities as a driver education provider or a driver education instructor during the period of suspension. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Teen driver training: means driver training instruction provided through a segment 1 or segment 2 driver education course that allows an individual 17 years of age or less to apply for a level 1 or level 2 graduated driver license. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
  • Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Theory instruction: means that term as defined in 49 C. See Michigan Laws 256.627
  • Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Treasurer: means the state treasurer acting as the custodian of the fund. See Michigan Laws 257.1102
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC
  • Uninsured motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle as to which there is not in force a liability policy that meets the requirements of section 3009 of the insurance code of 1956, 1956 PA 218, MCL 500. See Michigan Laws 257.1102
  • United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Vehicle protection product: means a vehicle protection device, system, or service that is installed on or applied to a vehicle and is designed to prevent loss or damage to a vehicle from a specific cause. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • Victim advocate: work with prosecutors and assist the victims of a crime.
  • Warranted product: means a vehicle protection product covered by a written warranty. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • warrantor: means a person that is contractually obligated to a warranty holder under the terms of a vehicle protection product warranty agreement. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • warranty: means a written agreement by a warrantor that provides if a warranted product fails to prevent loss or damage to a vehicle from a specific cause covered by the warranty, the warrantor shall pay the warranty holder specified incidental costs that result from the failure of the warranted product to perform. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Warranty holder: means a person who purchases a warranted product or who is a permitted transferee. See Michigan Laws 257.1243
  • Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.