(1)    The department shall, by rule, promulgate standards of performance, for each class or category of sources referred to under s. 283.13 (1) that is required to be covered by permits issued under s. 283.31, which shall reflect the greatest degree of effluent reduction achievable through the application of the best available demonstrated control technology, processes, operating methods, or other alternatives. Where practicable, a standard of performance permitting no discharge of pollutants shall be adopted.

   (2)   Standards of performance adopted under this section shall apply to all new sources within each class or category of sources for which a standard of performance has been adopted under this section.

   (3)   The department shall revise such standards to reflect changes in control technology, processes, operating methods or other alternatives. When establishing or revising standards of performance under this section, the department shall consider the cost of achieving such effluent reductions and the nonwater quality environmental impact and energy requirements of such reductions.

   (4)   The department may distinguish among classes, types and sizes within categories of sources for the purpose of establishing or revising standards of performance under this section.

   (5)   No owner or operator of any new source may operate such source in violation of any standard of performance applicable to such a source.