(a)  Except as provided in chapter 37.3 of Title 5, insurance administrators, health plans, and providers shall be prohibited from releasing genetic information without prior written authorization of the individual. Written authorization shall be required for each disclosure and include to whom the disclosure is being made. An exception shall exist for those participating in research settings governed by the federal policy for the protection of human research subjects (also known as “The Common Rule”). Tests conducted purely for research are excluded from the definition, as are tests for somatic (as opposed to heritable) mutations, and testing for forensic purposes.

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(b)  No nonprofit health service corporation subject to the provisions of this chapter shall:

(1)  Use a genetic test or request for a genetic test or the results of a genetic test or other genetic information to reject, deny, limit, cancel, refuse to renew, increase the rates of, affect the terms or conditions of, or affect a group or an individual’s health insurance policy, contract, or plan;

(2)  Request or require a genetic test for the purpose of determining whether or not to issue or renew a group, individual health benefits coverage, to set reimbursement/copay levels, or determine covered benefits and services;

(3)  Release the results of a genetic test without the prior written authorization of the individual from whom the test was obtained, except in a format by which individual identifiers are removed, encrypted, or encoded so that the identity of the individual is not disclosed. A recipient of information pursuant to this section may use or disclose the information solely to carry out the purpose for which the information was disclosed. Authorization shall be required for each redisclosure. An exception shall exist for participation in research settings governed by the federal policy for the protection of human research subjects (also known as “The Common Rule”); or

(4)  Request or require information as to whether an individual has ever had a genetic test, or participated in genetic testing of any kind, whether for clinical or research purposes.

(c)  For the purposes of this section, “genetic testing” is the analysis of an individual’s DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, and certain metabolites in order to detect heritable disease-related genotypes, mutations, phenotypes, or karyotypes for clinical purposes. These purposes include predicting risk of disease, identifying carriers, establishing prenatal and clinical diagnosis or prognosis. Prenatal, newborn, and carrier screening, as well as testing in high-risk families, may be included provided there is an approved release by a parent or guardian. Tests for metabolites are covered only when they are undertaken with high probability that an excess of deficiency of the metabolite indicates the presence of heritable mutations in single genes. “Genetic testing” does not mean routine physical measurement, a routine chemical, blood, or urine analysis, or a test for drugs or for HIV infection.