Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 8.01 > Chapter 3 - Actions

• Accessibility mechanic: means an individual who is engaged in erecting, constructing, installing, altering, servicing, repairing, testing or maintaining wheelchair lifts, incline chairlifts, dumbwaiters with a capacity limit of 300 pounds, and private residence elevators, in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Accident: means an accident covered under the group insurance coverage purchased by the Board. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Accredited residential building energy analyst training program: means a training program that has been approved by the Board to provide training for individuals to engage in blower door, duct blaster, or similar testing to measure energy efficiency, conduct energy modeling, prepare a residential building energy analysis report, and provide recommendations for improvements with return on investment or third-party verification for nationally accredited energy efficiency programs. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• Act: means the Government Employees Deferred Compensation Plan Act. See Virginia Code 51.1-600
• Act: means the Virginia Contractor Transaction Recovery Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Act: means the Virginia Real Estate Transaction Recovery Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Acupuncturist: means an individual approved by the Board to practice acupuncture. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Advanced practice registered nurse: means a certified nurse midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse practitioner who is jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• advisory board: means the board appointed by the commission in accordance with § Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Agency: means any department, institution, authority, instrumentality, board or other administrative agency of the government of the Commonwealth of Virginia and any transportation district created pursuant to the Transportation District Act of 1964 (§ Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• Agency: means every relationship in which a real estate licensee acts for or represents a person as an agent by such person's express authority in a commercial or residential real estate transaction, unless a different legal relationship is intended and is agreed to as part of the brokerage agreement. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Agent: means a real estate licensee who is acting as (i) a standard agent in a residential real estate transaction, (ii) a limited service agent in a residential real estate transaction, or (iii) an agent in a commercial real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Agreement: means the federal-state agreement between the federal agency and the Commonwealth entered into on February 16, 1952, as authorized by this chapter, for the purpose of extending coverage under the Social Security Act and any subsequent modifications thereto. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Annual report: means the report required to be filed by a guardian pursuant to § Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• ANSI Ski Lift Code: means the American National Standard (B77. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appliance: means a permanent or removable device used in a plan of dental care, including crowns, fillings, bridges, braces, dentures, orthodontic aligners, and sleep apnea devices. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Applicable federal law: refers to provisions of federal law, including federal regulations and requirements issued pursuant thereto, that provide for extending the benefits of the Social Security Act and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act to employees of states and their political subdivisions. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Appointing authority: means the General Assembly or the Governor. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Assistive technology: means any item, piece of equipment or device that enables an individual with a disability to improve his or her independence and quality of life. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Association: includes condominium, cooperative, or property owners' associations. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• At-need: means at the time of death or while death is imminent. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Attorney General: means the Attorney General of Virginia, the Chief Deputy, other deputies, counsels or assistant attorneys general employed by the Office of the Attorney General and designated by the Attorney General to act pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Audiologist: means any person who engages in the practice of audiology. See Virginia Code 54.1-2600
• Audiologist: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Auricular acupuncture: means the subcutaneous insertion of sterile, disposable acupuncture needles in predetermined, bilateral locations in the outer ear. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Authority: means the Assistive Technology Loan Fund Authority established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Authority: means the Virginia Cannabis Control Authority created pursuant to this subtitle. See Virginia Code 4.1-600
• Authority: means an authority created under the provisions of § Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Balance of the fund: means cash, securities that are legal investments for fiduciaries under the provisions of subdivisions A 1, 2, and 4 of § Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Biennium: means a two-year period beginning on July 1 of an even-numbered year and continuing through June 30 of the next even-numbered year. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• bill in equity: shall mean a complaint in a civil action, as provided in the Rules of Supreme Court of Virginia;

  11. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-600
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-607
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-617
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-1300
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Assistive Technology Loan Fund Authority. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Board: means the Board of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology. See Virginia Code 54.1-2600
• Board: means the Board for Contractors. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Board: means the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Board: means the Board for Professional Soil Scientists, Wetland Professionals, and Geologists. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Board: means the Common Interest Community Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Board: means the Board of Dentistry. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Board: means the Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Board: means the Board of Medicine. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Board: means the Real Estate Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Board of supervisors: means the governing body of a county. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Bond with surety: includes the payment in cash of the full amount of the required bond and, in such case, no surety shall be required. See Virginia Code 1-205
• Bonds: means notes, bonds, certificates, and other evidence of indebtedness or obligation of the Authority. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Bonds: means any bonds, interim certificates, notes, debentures, or other obligations of the authority issued pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Botanical cannabis: means cannabis that is composed wholly of usable cannabis from the same parts of the same chemovar of cannabis plant. See Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Branch office: means any place of business of a principal broker in the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Brokerage agreement: means the written agreement creating a brokerage relationship between a client and a licensee. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Brokerage relationship: means the contractual relationship between a client and a real estate licensee who has been engaged by such client for the purpose of procuring a seller, buyer, option, tenant, or landlord ready, able, and willing to sell, buy, option, exchange or rent real estate on behalf of a client. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Cannabis dispensing facility: means a facility that (i) has obtained a permit from the Board pursuant to § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Cannabis oil: means any formulation of processed Cannabis plant extract, which may include industrial hemp extracts, including isolates and distillates, acquired by a pharmaceutical processor pursuant to § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Cannabis product: means a product that (i) is formulated with cannabis oil or botanical cannabis; (ii) is produced by a pharmaceutical processor and sold by a pharmaceutical processor or cannabis dispensing facility; (iii) is registered with the Board; (iv) contains, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no more than 10 milligrams of tetrahydrocannabinol per dose; and (v) is compliant with testing requirements. See Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cash match plan: means a plan established pursuant to the provisions of § 401 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to which a participating employer contributes based on contributions made by an employee to a deferred compensation plan or to a plan established pursuant to § 403 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Virginia Code 51.1-607
• CDFI: means a community development financial institution that provides credit and financial services for underserved communities. See Virginia Code 4.1-1500
• Certified accessibility mechanic: means an individual who is certified by the Board in accordance with this article to engage in work as an accessibility mechanic. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Certified nurse midwife: means an advanced practice registered nurse who is certified in the specialty of nurse midwifery and who is jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing as an advanced practice registered nurse pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Certified registered nurse anesthetist: means an advanced practice registered nurse who is certified in the specialty of nurse anesthesia, who is jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing as an advanced practice registered nurse pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• City: means both cities and counties, and city-specific terms such as "mayor" shall be deemed to also include the equivalent county term. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
• Claim: means any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property, regardless of whether the Commonwealth has title to the money or property, that (i) is presented to an officer, employee, or agent of the Commonwealth or (ii) is made to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient (a) if the money or property is to be spent or used on the Commonwealth's behalf or to advance a governmental program or interest and (b) if the Commonwealth provides or has provided any portion of the money or property requested or demanded or will reimburse such contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money or property that is requested or demanded. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Claimant: means any person with an unsatisfied judgment involving residential construction against a regulant, who has filed a verified claim under this Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Claimant: means any person with an unsatisfied judgment against a regulant, who has filed a verified claim under this act. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Claimant: means , upon proper application to the Director, a receiver for a common interest community manager appointed pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2354.1
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Client: means a person who has entered into a brokerage relationship with a licensee. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Clinical nurse specialist: means an advanced practice registered nurse who is certified in the specialty of clinical nurse specialist and who is jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing as an advanced practice registered nurse pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Collaboration: means the communication and decision-making process among health care providers who are members of a patient care team related to the treatment of a patient that includes the degree of cooperation necessary to provide treatment and care of the patient and includes (i) communication of data and information about the treatment and care of a patient, including the exchange of clinical observations and assessments, and (ii) development of an appropriate plan of care, including decisions regarding the health care provided, accessing and assessment of appropriate additional resources or expertise, and arrangement of appropriate referrals, testing, or studies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• College savings trust account: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Commercial real estate: means any real estate other than (i) real estate containing one to four residential units or (ii) real estate classified for assessment purposes under § Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Commission: means the governing body of the local district. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Commissioner: means one of the members of an authority appointed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Common disaster: A sudden and extraordinary misfortune that brings about the simultaneous or near-simultaneous deaths of two or more associated persons, such as husband and wife.
• Common interest community: means real estate subject to a declaration containing lots, at least some of which are residential or occupied for recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the person's ownership of a lot subject to that declaration, is a member of the association and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided that for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community does not include any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Common interest community manager: means a person or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management services to a common interest community. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Common source information company: means any person, firm, or corporation that is a source, compiler, or supplier of information regarding real estate for sale or lease and other data and includes, but is not limited to, multiple listing services. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Commonwealth: means the Commonwealth of Virginia, any agency of state government, and any political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Company: means insurance company. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Competition: includes training sessions or practice for a contest or event. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competition terrain: means any part of a winter sports area in which an operator has authorized a competition to take place. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competitor: means a winter sports participant who actually is engaged in a competition in any portion of a winter sports area made available by the winter sports area operator. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Conservator: includes (i) a local or regional program designated by the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services as a public conservator pursuant to Article 6 (§ Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Consultation: means communicating data and information, exchanging clinical observations and assessments, accessing and assessing additional resources and expertise, problem-solving, and arranging for referrals, testing, or studies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Contractor: means any person, that for a fixed price, commission, fee, or percentage undertakes to bid upon, or accepts, or offers to accept, orders or contracts for performing, managing, or superintending in whole or in part, the construction, removal, repair or improvement of any building or structure permanently annexed to real property owned, controlled, or leased by him or another person or any other improvements to such real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Contributor: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Controlled substance: means a controlled substance as defined in Article 1 (§ Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Cost: means all or any part of the cost of acquisition, construction, reconstruction, alteration, landscaping, or enlargement of a public mass transit system or highway that is located in counties that are authorized by this chapter to create a transportation improvement district, including the cost of the acquisition of land, rights-of-way, property rights, easements and interests acquired for such construction, alteration or expansion, the cost of demolishing or removing any structure on land so acquired, including the cost of acquiring any lands to which such structures may be removed, the cost of all labor, materials, machinery and equipment, financing charges, insurance, interest on all bonds prior to and during construction and, if deemed advisable by the commission, for a reasonable period after completion of such construction, reserves for principal and interest and for extensions, enlargements, additions, replacements, renovations, and improvements, provisions for working capital, the cost of surveys, engineering and architectural expenses, borings, plans and specifications and other engineering and architectural services, legal expenses, studies, estimates of costs and revenues, administrative expenses, and such other expenses as may be necessary, or incident to, the construction of the project or, solely as to districts created pursuant to this chapter after July 1, 1990, the creation of the district (the costs of which creation shall not exceed $150,000), and of such subsequent additions thereto or expansion thereof, and to determining the feasibility or practicability of such construction, the cost of financing such construction, additions, or expansion and placing the project and such additions or expansion in operation. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Cost of improvements: means the cost of constructing improvements and includes the cost of all labor and material; the cost of all land, property, rights, easements, franchises, and permits acquired which are deemed necessary for such construction; interest during any period of disuse during such construction; the cost of all machinery and equipment; financing charges; cost of engineering and legal expenses, plans, specifications; and such other expenses as may be necessary or incident to such construction. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Council: means the governing body of a city or town. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• County: means Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Creditable service: means prior service plus membership service, as further defined in and modified by § Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Cremate: means to reduce a dead human body to ashes and bone fragments by the action of fire. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Cremator: means a person or establishment that owns or operates a crematory or crematorium or cremates dead human bodies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• crematorium: means a facility containing a furnace for cremation of dead human bodies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Criminal street gang: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 18.2-513
• cultivate: means the planting, propagation, growing, harvesting, drying, curing, grading, trimming, or other similar processing of marijuana for use or sale. See Virginia Code 4.1-600
• Customer: means a person who has not entered into a brokerage relationship with a licensee but for whom a licensee performs ministerial acts in a real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Decedent: means any person whose life has been taken as a result of murder or voluntary manslaughter. See Virginia Code 64.2-2500
• Declaration: includes any amendment or supplement to the instruments described in this definition. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Declinable preneed funeral guarantee fee: means an optional and declinable fee agreed to by a preneed funeral contract purchaser, if offered by a seller, for which the cost of the supplies and services as described in the preneed funeral contract shall be guaranteed. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Deferred compensation plan: means a plan established pursuant to the provisions of § 457(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, that may provide for elective and non-elective deferrals of compensation by or on behalf of employees and may include a qualified Roth contribution program as described in § 402A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Virginia Code 51.1-600
• Deferred compensation plan: means a plan described in Chapter 6 (§ Virginia Code 51.1-607
• Dental hygiene: means duties related to patient assessment and the rendering of educational, preventive, and therapeutic dental services specified in regulations of the Board and not otherwise restricted to the practice of dentistry. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Dental hygienist: means a person who is licensed by the Board to practice dental hygiene. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Dentist: means a person who has been awarded a degree in and is licensed by the Board to practice dentistry. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Dentistry: means the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, through surgical, nonsurgical, or related procedures, of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity and the maxillofacial, adjacent, and associated structures and their impact on the human body. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Dependent child: means (i) the insured employee's unmarried natural or legally adopted children who are not self-supporting; (ii) the insured employee's unmarried stepchildren living full time with the insured employee in a parent-child relationship and who can be claimed as a dependent on the insured employee's federal income tax return; (iii) any other children if they are in the insured employee's court-ordered custody; or (iv) other dependent children of the employee's family who are eligible for coverage under the family membership program offered under policies and procedures of the Department of Human Resource Management governing health insurance plans administered pursuant to § Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Designated caregiver facility: means any hospice or hospice facility licensed pursuant to § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Designated employee: means the contractor's full-time employee, or a member of the contractor's responsible management, who is at least 18 years of age and who has successfully completed the oral or written examination required by the Board on behalf of the contractor. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• designated representative: means a licensee who has been assigned by a principal or supervising broker to represent a client when a different client is also represented by such principal or broker in the same transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Designated trail: means a winter sports area trail on which a participant is permitted by the operator to participate in a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Digital scan: means digital technology that creates a computer-generated replica of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity using enhanced digital photography. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Digital scan technician: means a person who has completed a training program approved by the Board to take digital scans of intraoral and extraoral hard and soft tissues for use in teledentistry. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Digital work order: means the digital equivalent of a written dental laboratory work order used in the construction or repair of an appliance. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2354.1
• Disclaimant: means the person to whom a disclaimed interest or power would have passed had the disclaimer not been made. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Disclaimed interest: means the interest that would have passed to the disclaimant had the disclaimer not been made. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Disclaimer: means the refusal to accept an interest in or power over property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismemberment: means a dismemberment covered under the group insurance coverage purchased by the Board. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Dispense: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Distance learning: means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Documentary material: means the original or any copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication, tabulation, chart, or other document, or data compilations stored in or accessible through computer or other information retrieval systems, together with instructions and all other materials necessary to use or interpret such data compilations, and any product of discovery. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• dual representative: means a licensee who has a brokerage relationship with both seller and buyer, or both landlord and tenant, in the same real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Elevator mechanic: means an individual who is certified by the Board in accordance with this article to engage in erecting, constructing, installing, altering, servicing, repairing, testing or maintaining elevators, escalators, or related conveyances in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Eligible employee: means any turnaround specialist or member of the middle school teacher corps providing services for a participating public school division pursuant to subsections E and F of § Virginia Code 51.1-617
• Embalmer: means any person engaged in the practice of embalming. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Embalming: means the process of chemically treating the dead human body by arterial injection and cavity treatment or, when necessary, hypodermic tissue injection to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms to temporarily retard organic decomposition. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Employee: means a state police officer. See Virginia Code 51.1-201
• Employee: means any (i) member of the Capitol Police Force as described in § Virginia Code 51.1-212
• Employee: means , in the case of the plan described in § Virginia Code 51.1-600
• Employee: means , in the case of the plan described in § Virginia Code 51.1-607
• Employee: means any officer, employee or agent of any agency, or any person acting on behalf of an agency in an official capacity, temporarily or permanently in the service of the Commonwealth, or any transportation district, whether with or without compensation. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• Employee: includes an employee or officer of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Employer: means the Commonwealth or a political subdivision thereof, as defined in this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Employer: includes the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Employment: means employment as defined in the Social Security Act as modified under the terms of the agreement and pursuant to the authority granted the state social security administrator under § Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Enterprise: includes any of the following: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business trust, criminal street gang, or other group of three or more individuals associated for the purpose of criminal activity. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Estate: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Facility: means a state or licensed hospital, training center, psychiatric hospital, or other type of residential or outpatient mental health or mental retardation facility. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Federal agency: means the federal officer, department, or agency charged on behalf of the federal government with the particular federal functions referred to in this chapter in connection with such term. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Federal agency: means and includes the United States of America or any department, bureau, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Federal agency: means the United States of America or any department, agency, instrumentality, or bureau thereof. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Federal government: means the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States of America. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Federal Insurance Contributions Act: means subchapters A and B of Chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Felonious assault: means a physical assault (i) by another person resulting in bodily harm to an insured employee; (ii) that takes place while such employee is performing his customary duties at the employer's normal place of business or at other places the employer's business requires him to travel; (iii) that involves the use of force or violence with the intent to cause harm; and (iv) that is a felony or misdemeanor under applicable law. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Fiduciary: shall include any one or more of the following:

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Fiduciary: means a personal representative, trustee, agent acting under a power of attorney, or other person authorized to act as a fiduciary with respect to the property of another person. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Fiduciary: includes a guardian, committee, trustee, executor, conservator, or personal representative. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Fire sprinkler contractor: means a contractor that provides for the installation, repair, alteration, addition, testing, maintenance, inspection, improvement, or removal of sprinkler systems using water as a means of fire suppression when annexed to real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• freestyle terrain park: means any portion of a winter sports area that has been designated as such by the operator for freestyle skiing, freestyle snowboarding, or similar freestyle winter sports and includes, but is not limited to, the terrain park itself and features such as rails, boxes, jumps, hits, jibs, tabletops, spines, ramps, banks, pipes, half-pipes, quarter-pipes, tables, logs, or other man-made features such as buses and other vehicles, propane tanks, and tractor tires; snowcross terrain and features; and other constructed or natural features, but does not include moguls, bumps, or rollers or jumps not built by the operator, unless they are within a designated freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Freestyler: means a winter sports participant utilizing freestyle terrain or a freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Fund: means the Assistive Technology Loan Fund established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Fund: means the Virginia Cannabis Equity Business Loan Fund established in § Virginia Code 4.1-1500
• Fund: means the Virginia Contractor Transaction Recovery Fund. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Fund: means the Virginia Real Estate Transaction Recovery Fund. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Funding: means loans made from the Fund. See Virginia Code 4.1-1500
• Funeral directing: means the for-profit profession of directing or supervising funerals, preparing human dead for burial by means other than embalming, or making arrangements for funeral services or the financing of funeral services. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Funeral director: means any person engaged in the practice of funeral directing. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Funeral service establishment: means any main establishment, branch, or chapel that is permanently affixed to the real estate and for which a certificate of occupancy has been issued by the local building official where any part of the profession of funeral directing, the practice of funeral services, or the act of embalming is performed. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Funeral service intern: means a person who is preparing to be licensed for the practice of funeral services under the direct supervision of a practitioner licensed by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Funeral service licensee: means a person who is licensed in the practice of funeral services. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Geological mapping: means the process of creating a map on which is recorded geological information, such as the distribution, nature, and age of relationships of rock units, in which surficial deposits may or may not be mapped separately, and the occurrence of structural features such as folds, faults, and joints; mineral deposits; and fossil localities. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Geologist: means a person engaged in the practice of geology. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Geology: means the science encompassing those principles and methods related to (i) the earth and its history in general; (ii) the investigation, prediction, evaluation, and location of materials and structures that compose the earth; (iii) the natural processes that cause changes in the earth; and (iv) the application of knowledge of the earth, its processes, and its constituent rocks, minerals, liquids, gases, and other natural materials. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Governing board: means the governing board of an association, including the executive organ of a condominium unit owners' association, the executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees' association, and the board of directors or other governing body of a property owners' association. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Governing instrument: means a deed, will, trust, insurance or annuity policy, account with POD designation, security registered in beneficiary form (TOD), or pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan; instrument creating or exercising a power of appointment or a power of attorney; or a donative, appointive, or nominative instrument of any other type. See Virginia Code 64.2-2200
• Government: means the Commonwealth and the federal government and any subdivision, agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of either of them. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Green roof: means a roof or partially covered roof consisting of plants, soil, or another lightweight growing medium that is installed on top of a waterproof membrane and designed in accordance with the Virginia Stormwater Management Program's standards and specifications for green roofs, as set forth in the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Guardian: means a person appointed by the court who has the powers and duties set out in § Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Healing arts: means the arts and sciences dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cure or alleviation of human physical or mental ailments, conditions, diseases, pain or infirmities. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Health care provider: means a health care provider as defined in § Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Hearing aid: means any wearable instrument or device designed or offered to aid or compensate for impaired human hearing and any parts, attachments, or accessories, including earmolds, but excluding batteries and cords. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Hearing dog: means a dog trained to alert its owner by touch to sounds of danger and sounds to which the owner should respond. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Helmet: means a type of molded headgear equipped with a neck or chin strap specifically designed by the manufacturer to be used while engaged in the winter sport of alpine skiing or snowboarding. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• hospital authority: means a body corporate organized in accordance with the provisions of this chapter for the purposes, with the powers and subject to the restrictions hereinafter set forth. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Immediate family member: means the insured employee's spouse, children, parents, grandparents, grandchildren, brothers and sisters and their spouses. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Improper or dishonest conduct: includes only the wrongful taking or conversion of money, property or other things of value which involves fraud, material misrepresentation or conduct constituting gross negligence, continued incompetence, or intentional violation of the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Improper or dishonest conduct: includes only the wrongful and fraudulent taking or conversion of money, property or other things of value or material misrepresentation or deceit. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• improvement: shall include (i) remediation, cleanup, or containment of premises to remove contaminants or (ii) site work necessary to make certain real property usable for human occupancy according to the guidelines established pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Improvements: means such repairs, replacements, additions, extensions and betterments of and to a system as an authority deems necessary to place or maintain the system in proper condition for the safe, efficient and economical operation thereof or to provide service in areas not currently receiving such service. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• In-person communication: means face-to-face communication and telephonic communication. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Incapacitated person: means an adult who has been found by a court to be incapable of receiving and evaluating information effectively or responding to people, events, or environments to such an extent that the individual lacks the capacity to (i) meet the essential requirements for his health, care, safety, or therapeutic needs without the assistance or protection of a guardian or (ii) manage property or financial affairs or provide for his support or for the support of his legal dependents without the assistance or protection of a conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• incarcerated: means confinement in a local or regional correctional facility, juvenile correctional center, state correctional facility, residential detention center, or facility operated pursuant to the Corrections Private Management Act (§ Virginia Code 8.01-195.10
• incorporated towns: as used in this article means only those incorporated towns which have held municipal elections in the ten years preceding the date of the filing of a petition for a referendum pursuant to § Virginia Code 15.2-3520
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Independent contractor: means a real estate licensee who (i) enters into a brokerage relationship based upon a brokerage agreement that specifically states that the real estate licensee is acting as an independent contractor and not as an agent; (ii) shall have the obligations agreed to by the parties in the brokerage agreement; and (iii) shall comply with the provisions of subdivisions A 3 through 7 and subsections B and E of § Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• individual: means a current direct recipient of public or private mental health, developmental, or substance abuse treatment, rehabilitation, or habilitation services and includes the terms "consumer" "patient" "resident" "recipient" or "client. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• inherent risks of the winter sport: include :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• insurance program: means the plan covered under the policy purchased by the Board which provides group life, accidental death, and dismemberment insurance coverage for employees. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Investigation: means any inquiry conducted by an investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has been engaged in any violation of this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
• Jointly held property: means property held in the name of two or more persons under an arrangement in which all holders have concurrent interests and under which the last surviving holder is entitled to the whole of the property and includes, without limitation, property held as tenants by the entirety. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Judge: means any justice or judge of a court of record of the Commonwealth, any member of the State Corporation Commission or Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission, any judge of a district court of the Commonwealth other than a substitute judge of such district court, and any executive secretary of the Supreme Court assuming such position between December 1, 1975, and January 31, 1976. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Judgment: includes an order of a United States Bankruptcy Court (i) declaring a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy to be a "Debt Nondischargeable in Bankruptcy" (ii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim no distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate but excluding any such claim disallowed by order of the bankruptcy court, or (iii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim only partial distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Judgment: includes an order of a United States Bankruptcy Court (i) declaring a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy to be a "Debt Nondischargeable in Bankruptcy" (ii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim no distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate but excluding any such claim disallowed by order of the bankruptcy court, or (iii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim only partial distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• landowner: means the person or entity that has the usufruct, control, or occupation of the taxable real property as determined by the commissioner of the revenue of the jurisdiction in which the subject real property is located pursuant to § Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
• License: means the document issued to an applicant upon completion of requirements for admission to practice dentistry or dental hygiene in the Commonwealth or upon registration for renewal of license to continue the practice of dentistry or dental hygiene in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• License to practice dentistry: means any license to practice dentistry issued by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Licensed hearing aid specialist: means any person who is the holder of a hearing aid specialist license issued by the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed optician: means any person who is the holder of an optician license issued by the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed optometrist: means any person authorized by Virginia law to practice optometry. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed physician: means any person licensed by the Board of Medicine to practice medicine and surgery. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed residential building energy analyst: means an individual who has successfully completed an accredited residential building energy analyst training program or meets the criteria of experience required by this article and regulations of the Board and who has been licensed by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• Licensee: means real estate brokers and salespersons as defined in Article 1 (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
• Limited service agent: means a licensee who acts for or represents a client in a residential real estate transaction pursuant to a brokerage agreement that provides that the limited service agent will not provide one or more of the duties set forth in subdivision A 2 of §§ Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• local district: means any transportation improvement district created under the provisions of § Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Local employee: means any officer or employee of a political subdivision and includes "special employees" which means a county or city treasurer, commissioner of revenue, attorney for the Commonwealth, clerk of court, sheriff, and a deputy or employee of any such officer. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• local government: shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Lot: means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate ownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or the boundaries of which are described in the declaration or in a recorded instrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration, other than a common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association or a unit in a real estate cooperative. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Management services: means (i) acting with the authority of an association in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with association members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions of an association or, with the authority of the association, enforcing the rights of the association secured by statute, contract, covenant, rule, or bylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control over money or other property belonging to an association; (iv) preparing budgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association; (v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association or the governing body of an association; (vi) negotiating contracts or otherwise coordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for or on behalf of an association; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any of the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• manufacture: means the production of marijuana products or the blending, infusing, compounding, or other preparation of marijuana and marijuana products, including marijuana extraction or preparation by means of chemical synthesis. See Virginia Code 4.1-600
• Marital deduction: The deduction(s) that can be taken in the determination of gift and estate tax liabilities because of the existence of a marriage or marital relationship.
• Material: means having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Maxillofacial: means pertaining to the jaws and face, particularly with reference to specialized surgery of this region. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• mayor: shall be deemed to also include the equivalent county term. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Medical malpractice judgment: means any final order of any court entering judgment against a licensee of the Board that arises out of any tort action or breach of contract action for personal injuries or wrongful death, based on health care or professional services rendered, or that should have been rendered, by a health care provider, to a patient. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Medical malpractice settlement: means any written agreement and release entered into by or on behalf of a licensee of the Board in response to a written claim for money damages that arises out of any personal injuries or wrongful death, based on health care or professional services rendered, or that should have been rendered, by a health care provider, to a patient. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Member: means any person included in the membership of the retirement system as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-201
• Member: means any person included in the membership of the Retirement System as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-212
• Member: means any member whose benefits under the Virginia Retirement System (§ Virginia Code 51.1-1300
• Mental impairment: means (i) a disability attributable to intellectual disability, autism, or any other neurological disability closely related to intellectual disability and requiring treatment similar to that required by individuals with intellectual disability or (ii) an organic or mental impairment that has substantial adverse effects on an individual's cognitive or volitional functions, including central nervous system disorders or significant discrepancies among mental functions of an individual. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Ministerial acts: means those routine acts which a licensee can perform for a person which do not involve discretion or the exercise of the licensee's own judgment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Modification: means an amendment to the original agreement to modify coverage for coverage groups or to extend coverage to additional coverage groups consistent with the provisions of Section 218 of the Social Security Act and this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Next of kin: means any of the following persons, regardless of the relationship to the decedent: any person designated to make arrangements for the disposition of the decedent's remains upon his death pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Normal retirement date: means a member's sixtieth birthday. See Virginia Code 51.1-201
• Normal retirement date: means a member's sixtieth birthday. See Virginia Code 51.1-212
• Normal retirement date: means a member's sixty-fifth birthday. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Notary: means notary public. See Virginia Code 1-226
• Nurse practitioner: means an advanced practice registered nurse, other than an advanced practice registered nurse licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing in the category of certified nurse midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist, or clinical nurse specialist, who is jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Obligation: means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from (i) an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship; (ii) a fee-based or similar relationship; (iii) a statute or regulation; or (iv) the retention of any overpayment. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• obligee: includes any bondholder, trustee or trustees for any bondholders, any lessor demising property to the authority used in connection with a hospital project or any assignee or assignees of such lessor's interest or any part thereof, and the United States of America when it is a party to any contract with the authority. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Occupational therapy assistant: means an individual who has met the requirements of the Board for licensure and who works under the supervision of a licensed occupational therapist to assist in the practice of occupational therapy. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Official use: means any use that is consistent with the law, regulations, and policies of the Commonwealth, including use in connection with (i) internal memoranda and reports of the Office of the Attorney General; (ii) communications between the Office of the Attorney General and a federal, state, or local government agency, or a contractor of a federal, state, or local government agency, undertaken in furtherance of an Office of the Attorney General investigation or prosecution of a case; (iii) interviews of any qui tam relator or other witness; (iv) oral examinations; (v) depositions; (vi) the preparation for and response to civil discovery requests; (vii) the introduction into the record of a case or proceeding; (viii) applications, motions, memoranda, and briefs submitted to a court or other tribunal; and (ix) communications with government investigators, auditors, consultants, experts, the counsel of other parties, arbitrators, and mediators, concerning an investigation, case, or proceeding. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Optician: means any person not exempted by § Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: means a person who has successfully completed an oral and maxillofacial residency program, approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association, and who holds a valid license from the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Otherwise disabled person: means any person who has a physical, sensory, intellectual, developmental, or mental disability or a mental illness. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Over-the-counter hearing aid: means an air-conduction hearing aid that does not require implantation or other surgical intervention and is intended for use by a person age 18 or older to compensate for perceived mild to moderate hearing impairment. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Owner: includes persons, federal agencies, and units of the Commonwealth having any title or interest in any system, or the services or facilities to be rendered thereby. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Owner-developer: means any person who, for a third party purchaser, orders or supervises the construction, removal, repair, or improvement of any building or structure permanently annexed to real property owned, controlled, or leased by the owner-developer, or any other improvement to such property and who contracts with a person licensed in accordance with this chapter for the work undertaken. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Participating employer: means the Commonwealth or any political subdivision that has elected pursuant to § Virginia Code 51.1-600
• Participating employer: means the Commonwealth or any political subdivision that has elected pursuant to § Virginia Code 51.1-607
• Participating employer: means any local public school board that offers and pays the costs of improved retirement benefits as described in subsections E and F of § Virginia Code 51.1-617
• participating in a winter sport: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• Passenger: means any individual, including a winter sports participant, while being transported or conveyed by a passenger tramway, while waiting in the immediate vicinity for such transportation or conveyance, while moving away from the disembarkation or unloading point of a passenger tramway to clear the way for the following passengers, or while boarding or embarking upon or unloading or disembarking from a passenger tramway. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Passenger tramway: means any ski lift, chairlift, gondola, tramway, cable car, or other aerial lift and any rope tow, conveyor, t-bar, j-bar, handle tow, or other surface lift used by an operator to transport participants, spectators, observers, or pedestrians at a winter sports area, and any associated components including, but not limited to, lift towers, concrete tower foundations, tower bolts, tower ladders, lift terminals, chairs, gondolas, t-bars, j-bars, conveyors, and other structures relating to passenger tramways. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Patient care team: means a multidisciplinary team of health care providers actively functioning as a unit with the management and leadership of one or more patient care team physicians for the purpose of providing and delivering health care to a patient or group of patients. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Patient care team physician: means a physician who is actively licensed to practice medicine in the Commonwealth, who regularly practices medicine in the Commonwealth, and who provides management and leadership in the care of patients as part of a patient care team. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Patient care team podiatrist: means a podiatrist who is actively licensed to practice podiatry in the Commonwealth, who regularly practices podiatry in the Commonwealth, and who provides management and leadership in the care of patients as part of a patient care team. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Payor: means a trustee, insurer, business entity, employer, government, governmental agency, subdivision, or instrumentality, or any other person authorized or obligated by law or a governing instrument to make payments. See Virginia Code 64.2-2200
• Person: shall include individuals, a trust, an estate, a partnership, an association, an order, a corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity;

  6. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Person: includes any natural person, corporation, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business or trust. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Person: means any individual, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Person under a disability: shall include :

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• person under a disability: as used in this article shall have the meanings ascribed to them in § Virginia Code 8.01-67
• Person under disability: includes a person less than 18 years of age. See Virginia Code 1-232
• Person with a disability: means any person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of his major life activities or who has a record of such impairment. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Personal estate: includes chattels real and such other estate as, upon the death of the owner intestate, would devolve upon his personal representative. See Virginia Code 1-233
• Personal representative: includes the executor under a will or the administrator of the estate of a decedent, the administrator of such estate with the will annexed, the administrator of such estate unadministered by a former representative, whether there is a will or not, any person who is under the order of a circuit court to take into his possession the estate of a decedent for administration, and every other curator of a decedent's estate, for or against whom suits may be brought for causes of action that accrued to or against the decedent. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Petition: means the document filed with a circuit court to initiate a proceeding to appoint a guardian or conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Pharmaceutical processor: means a facility that (i) has obtained a permit from the Board pursuant to § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Pharmacist: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Pharmacy technician: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Physician assistant: means a health care professional who has met the requirements of the Board for licensure as a physician assistant. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Place of business: means a location where the principal broker, or individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent contractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real estate broker or salesperson. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Place of public accommodation: means a facility that a private entity owns, leases or leases to, or operates and whose operations affect commerce. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Plan: means the defined contribution plan established pursuant to this chapter and the provisions of § 401 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Virginia Code 51.1-617
• Plan of agreement: means an agreement between the state social security administrator and an employer for the purpose of extending the benefits of the Social Security Act to coverage groups within its employ. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Political subdivision: includes an instrumentality of the Commonwealth or one or more of its political subdivisions, or of the Commonwealth and one or more of its political subdivisions, but only if such instrumentality is a juristic entity which is legally separate and distinct from the Commonwealth or a political subdivision and only if its employees are not by virtue of their relation to such juristic entity employees of the Commonwealth or a political subdivision. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Political subdivision: means a locality or any institution or commission of the Commonwealth of Virginia. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Practice of acupuncture: means the stimulation of certain points on or near the surface of the body by the insertion of needles to prevent or modify the perception of pain or to normalize physiological functions, including pain control, for the treatment of certain ailments or conditions of the body and includes the techniques of electroacupuncture, cupping, and moxibustion. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Practice of audiology: means the practice of conducting measurement, testing and evaluation relating to hearing and vestibular systems, including audiologic and electrophysiological measures, and conducting programs of identification, hearing conservation, habilitation, and rehabilitation for the purpose of identifying disorders of the hearing and vestibular systems and modifying communicative disorders related to hearing loss, including but not limited to vestibular evaluation, limited cerumen management, electrophysiological audiometry and cochlear implants. See Virginia Code 54.1-2600
• Practice of funeral services: means engaging in the care and disposition of the human dead, the preparation of the human dead for the funeral service, burial or cremation, the making of arrangements for the funeral service or for the financing of the funeral service and the selling or making of financial arrangements for the sale of funeral supplies to the public. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Practice of genetic counseling: means (i) obtaining and evaluating individual and family medical histories to assess the risk of genetic medical conditions and diseases in a patient, his offspring, and other family members; (ii) discussing the features, history, diagnosis, environmental factors, and risk management of genetic medical conditions and diseases; (iii) ordering genetic laboratory tests and other diagnostic studies necessary for genetic assessment; (iv) integrating the results with personal and family medical history to assess and communicate risk factors for genetic medical conditions and diseases; (v) evaluating the patient's and family's responses to the medical condition or risk of recurrence and providing client-centered counseling and anticipatory guidance; (vi) identifying and utilizing community resources that provide medical, educational, financial, and psychosocial support and advocacy; and (vii) providing written documentation of medical, genetic, and counseling information for families and health care professionals. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Practice of geology: means the performance of any professional service or work wherein the principles and methods of geology are applied, including (i) investigating, evaluating, and consulting; (ii) geological mapping; (iii) describing the natural processes that act upon the earth's materials; (iv) predicting the probable occurrence of natural processes; and (v) inspecting, planning, and performing and supervising geological work in order to enhance and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public and the environment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Practice of occupational therapy: means the therapeutic use of occupations for habilitation and rehabilitation to enhance physical health, mental health, and cognitive functioning and includes the evaluation, analysis, assessment, and delivery of education and training in basic and instrumental activities of daily living; the design, fabrication, and application of orthoses (splints); the design, selection, and use of adaptive equipment and assistive technologies; therapeutic activities to enhance functional performance; vocational evaluation and training; and consultation concerning the adaptation of physical, sensory, and social environments. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Practice of podiatry: means the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure or alleviation of physical conditions, diseases, pain, or infirmities of the human foot and ankle, including the medical, mechanical and surgical treatment of the ailments of the human foot and ankle, but does not include amputation of the foot proximal to the transmetatarsal level through the metatarsal shafts. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Practice of respiratory care: means the (i) administration of pharmacological, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents related to respiratory care procedures necessary to implement a treatment, disease prevention, pulmonary rehabilitative, or diagnostic regimen prescribed by a practitioner of medicine or osteopathic medicine; (ii) transcription and implementation of the written or verbal orders of a practitioner of medicine or osteopathic medicine pertaining to the practice of respiratory care; (iii) observation and monitoring of signs and symptoms, general behavior, general physical response to respiratory care treatment and diagnostic testing, including determination of whether such signs, symptoms, reactions, behavior or general physical response exhibit abnormal characteristics; and (iv) implementation of respiratory care procedures, based on observed abnormalities, or appropriate reporting, referral, respiratory care protocols or changes in treatment pursuant to the written or verbal orders by a licensed practitioner of medicine or osteopathic medicine or the initiation of emergency procedures, pursuant to the Board's regulations or as otherwise authorized by law. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Practice of soil evaluation: means the evaluation of soil by accepted principles and methods including, observation, investigation, and consultation on measured, observed, and inferred soils and their properties; analysis of the effects of these properties on the use and management of various kinds of soil; and preparation of soil descriptions, maps, reports, and interpretive drawings. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Practice of speech-language pathology: means the practice of facilitating development and maintenance of human communication through programs of screening, identifying, assessing and interpreting, diagnosing, habilitating and rehabilitating speech-language disorders, including but not limited to:

  1. See Virginia Code 54.1-2600

• Practice of wetland delineation: means the delineation of wetlands by accepted principles and methods including, observation, investigation, and consultation on soil, vegetation, and hydrologic parameters; and preparation of wetland delineations, descriptions, reports, and interpretive drawings. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Practitioner: means a practitioner of medicine or osteopathy licensed by the Board of Medicine, a physician assistant licensed by the Board of Medicine, or an advanced practice registered nurse jointly licensed by the Boards of Nursing and Medicine. See Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Preneed: means at any time other than at-need. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Preneed funeral contract: means any agreement where payment is made by the consumer prior to the receipt of services or supplies contracted for, which evidences arrangements prior to death for (i) the providing of funeral services or (ii) the sale of funeral supplies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Preneed funeral planning: means the making of arrangements prior to death for (i) the providing of funeral services or (ii) the sale of funeral supplies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• Prescription hearing aid: means a hearing aid that is not an over-the-counter hearing aid. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Previous systems: means the systems established under the provisions of Chapters 2 (§ 51-3 et seq. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Private entity: means any entity other than a public entity. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Proceeds: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Processor: means any person that cleans, shells, or crushes peanuts. See Virginia Code 3.2-1900
• Product of discovery: means (i) the original or duplicate of any deposition, interrogatory, document, thing, result of the inspection of land or other property, examination, or admission, which is obtained by any method of discovery in any judicial or administrative proceeding of an adversarial nature; (ii) any digest, analysis, selection, compilation, or derivation of any item listed in clause (i); and (iii) any index or other manner of access to any item listed in clause (i). See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Program: means the Virginia Cannabis Equity Business Loan Program established in § Virginia Code 4.1-1500
• project: means any and all medical facilities and approaches thereto and appurtenances thereof. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Property: includes any real and personal property and any right or interest therein. See Virginia Code 64.2-2500
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Property management agreement: means the written agreement between a property manager and the owner of real estate for the management of the real estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public corporation: means the Commonwealth of Virginia or any political subdivision thereof or any incorporated municipality therein or any public agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision thereof or of any municipality therein. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public entity: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1

• Public facilities: means (i) airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities; (ii) educational facilities; (iii) flood control, bank and shore protection, watershed protection, and dams; (iv) hospital facilities; (v) judicial and court facilities; (vi) correctional facilities, including jails and penitentiaries; (vii) library facilities; (viii) military installations; (ix) parks so designated by the Commonwealth or by the locality in its comprehensive plan; (x) properties of historical significance so designated by the Commonwealth; (xi) law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities; (xii) sanitary sewer, water or stormwater facilities; (xiii) transportation facilities including highways, roads, streets, and bridges, traffic signals, related easements and rights-of-way, mass transit, ports, and any components of federal, state, or local transportation facilities; (xiv) waste management facilities for hazardous, radioactive, or other waste; (xv) office facilities occupied by a public corporation; and (xvi) such other facilities that are necessary to the construction, maintenance, or operation of a public facility as listed in clauses (i) through (xv) and directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Qualified medical direction: means , in the context of the practice of respiratory care, having readily accessible to the respiratory therapist a licensed practitioner of medicine or osteopathic medicine who has specialty training or experience in the management of acute and chronic respiratory disorders and who is responsible for the quality, safety, and appropriateness of the respiratory services provided by the respiratory therapist. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Qualified participant: means , in the case of a plan established pursuant to § Virginia Code 51.1-607
• Qualifying borrower: means any person who demonstrates that a loan made pursuant to this chapter will assist one or more persons with disabilities to improve their independence or become more productive members of the community. See Virginia Code 51.5-53
• Qualifying child: means a dependent child less than eighteen years of age, or if eighteen years of age or older a dependent child enrolled in high school. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Racketeering activity: means to commit, attempt to commit, or conspire to commit or to solicit, coerce, or intimidate another person to commit two or more of the following offenses: Article 2. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Radiologic technologist: means an individual, other than a licensed doctor of medicine, osteopathy, podiatry, or chiropractic or a dentist licensed pursuant to Chapter 27 (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Radiologist assistant: means an individual who has met the requirements of the Board for licensure as an advanced-level radiologic technologist and who, under the direct supervision of a licensed doctor of medicine or osteopathy specializing in the field of radiology, is authorized to (i) assess and evaluate the physiological and psychological responsiveness of patients undergoing radiologic procedures; (ii) evaluate image quality, make initial observations, and communicate observations to the supervising radiologist; (iii) administer contrast media or other medications prescribed by the supervising radiologist; and (iv) perform, or assist the supervising radiologist to perform, any other procedure consistent with the guidelines adopted by the American College of Radiology, the American Society of Radiologic Technologists, and the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Readily achievable: means easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Real estate broker: means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in § Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Real estate salesperson: means any individual or business entity who is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker to perform the duties of a real estate broker for compensation or valuable consideration. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Real estate team: means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Refuse: means solid waste, including sludge and other discarded material, such as solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations or from community activities or residences. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Refuse collection and disposal system: means a system, plant or facility designed to collect, manage, dispose of, or recover and use energy from refuse and the land, structures, vehicles and equipment for use in connection therewith. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Registered agent: means an individual designated by a patient who has been issued a written certification, or, if such patient is a minor or a vulnerable adult as defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Regulant: means any individual, person, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture or any other legal entity licensed by the Board for Contractors. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Regulant: means a person, partnership, association, corporation, agency, firm or any other entity licensed by the Real Estate Board as a real estate broker or real estate salesperson. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Remainderman: One entitled to the remainder of an estate after a particular reserved right or interest, such as a life tenancy, has expired.
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Residential building energy analysis: means (i) an inspection, investigation, or survey of a dwelling or other structure to evaluate, measure, or quantify its energy consumption and efficiency, including lighting, HVAC, electronics, appliances, water heaters, insulation, and water conservation, and (ii) recommendations to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency of a dwelling or other structure, including lighting, HVAC, electronics, appliances, water heaters, insulation, and water conservation for compensation conducted or made by a licensed residential building energy analyst. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• Residential real estate: means real property containing from one to four residential dwelling units and the sale of lots containing one to four residential dwelling units. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Respiratory care: means the practice of the allied health profession responsible for the direct and indirect services, including inhalation therapy and respiratory therapy, in the treatment, management, diagnostic testing, control, and care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system under qualified medical direction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• Retirement system: means the State Police Officers' Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-201
• Retirement System: means the Virginia Law Officers' Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-212
• Retirement system: means the Judicial Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Retirement System: means the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• Retirement System: means the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-1300
• revenue bonds: include notes, bonds, bond anticipation notes, and other obligations of an authority for the payment of money. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Revenues: means any or all fees, tolls, taxes, rents, notes, receipts, assessments, moneys, and income derived by the local district and includes any cash contributions or payments made to the local district by the Commonwealth or any agency, department, or political subdivision thereof or by any other source. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• Safety restraint system: means a properly installed seatbelt, lap and shoulder restraint or other restraint approved by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or any successor governmental agency. See Virginia Code 51.1-500
• sale: means any transfer of title or of the right to use by lease, bailment, or any other contract, excluding wholesale transactions with distributors or practitioners. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Service: means service as a judge. See Virginia Code 51.1-301
• Service dog: means a dog trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of a mobility-impaired or otherwise disabled person. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Sewage: means the water-carried wastes created in and carried, or to be carried, away from residences, hotels, schools, hospitals, industrial establishments, commercial establishments or any other private or public buildings, together with such surface or ground water and household and industrial wastes as may be present. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Sewage disposal system: means any system, plant, disposal field, lagoon, pumping station, constructed drainage ditch or surface water intercepting ditch, incinerator, area devoted to sanitary landfills, or other works, installed for the purpose of treating, neutralizing, stabilizing or disposing of sewage, industrial waste or other wastes. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• sewage system: means pipelines or conduits, pumping stations, and force mains, and all other constructions, devices, and appliances appurtenant thereto, used for conducting sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes to a plant of ultimate disposal. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Sheriff: shall include deputy sheriffs and such other persons designated in § Virginia Code 8.01-2
• Slayer: means any person (i) who is convicted of the murder or voluntary manslaughter of the decedent or, (ii) in the absence of such conviction, who is determined, whether before or after his death, by a court of appropriate jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence to have committed one of the offenses listed in clause (i) resulting in the death of the decedent. See Virginia Code 64.2-2500
• Snowmaking equipment: means any machine used to make snow, including but not limited to snow guns and any associated towers, components, pipe, hydrant, hose, or other structures or equipment, including electrical equipment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Social Security Act: means the act of Congress approved August 14, 1935, Chapter 531, 49 Statutes 620, officially cited as the "Social Security Act" as such act has been and may be amended. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Soil: means the groups of natural bodies occupying the unconsolidated portion of the earth's surface which are capable of supporting plant life and have properties caused by the combined effects, as modified by topography and time, of climate and living organisms upon parent materials. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil evaluation: means plotting soil boundaries, describing and evaluating the kinds of soil, and predicting their suitability for and response to various uses. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil science: means the science dealing with the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological properties of soils as natural bodies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil scientist: means a person having special knowledge of soil science and the methods and principles of soil evaluation as acquired by education and experience in the formation, description, and mapping of soils. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
• Solicitation: means initiating contact with consumers with the intent of influencing their selection of a funeral plan or funeral service provider. See Virginia Code 54.1-2800
• special employees: which means a county or city treasurer, commissioner of revenue, attorney for the Commonwealth, clerk of court, sheriff, and a deputy or employee of any such officer. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Speech-language pathologist: means any person who engages in the practice of speech-language pathology. See Virginia Code 54.1-2600
• Standard agent: means a licensee who acts for or represents a client in an agency relationship in a residential real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• State social security administrator: means the Director of the Virginia Retirement System. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Store-and-forward technologies: means the technologies that allow for the electronic transmission of dental and health information, including images, photographs, documents, and health histories, through a secure communication system. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Stormwater control system: means a structural system of any type that is designed to manage the runoff from land development projects or natural systems designated for such purposes, including, without limitation, retention basins, ponds, wetlands, sewers, conduits, pipelines, pumping and ventilating stations, and other plants, structures, and real and personal property used for support of the system. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Supervising broker: means a real estate broker who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office or a real estate team. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Surgical assistant: means an individual who has met the requirements of the Board for licensure as a surgical assistant and who works under the direct supervision of a licensed doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or podiatry. See Virginia Code 54.1-2900
• System: means any sewage disposal system, sewer system, stormwater control system, water or waste system, and for authorities created under Article 6 (§ Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Teledentistry: means the delivery of dentistry between a patient and a dentist who holds a license to practice dentistry issued by the Board through the use of telehealth systems and electronic technologies or media, including interactive, two-way audio or video. See Virginia Code 54.1-2700
• Three-unit service dog team: means a team consisting of a trained service dog, a person with a disability, and a person who is an adult and who has been trained to handle the service dog. See Virginia Code 51.5-40.1
• Tier-city: means an incorporated community within a consolidated county that (i) has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more, (ii) has been designated as a tier-city by the General Assembly, and (iii) has both the powers of a town and such additional powers as may be granted tier-cities by the General Assembly. See Virginia Code 1-252
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Total tetrahydrocannabinol: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-600
• Town: means any town having a population of more than 1,000. See Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Trail: includes edges and transition areas to other terrain, but does not include a tubing park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Transportation improvements: means any and all real or personal property utilized in constructing and improving (i) any mass transportation project and (ii) any primary highway or portion thereof, located within any district created pursuant to § Virginia Code 15.2-4602
• Trust: means (i) an express trust, charitable or noncharitable, with additions thereto, whenever and however created; and (ii) a trust created pursuant to a statute, judgment, or decree, that requires the trust to be administered in the manner of an express trust. See Virginia Code 64.2-2600
• Trust indenture: includes instruments pledging the revenues of real or personal properties but not conveying such properties or conferring a right to foreclose and cause a sale thereof. See Virginia Code 15.2-5301
• Trustee: means a trustee under a probated will or an inter vivos trust instrument. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Tubing: means sliding on inflatable tubes, minibobs, sleds, toboggans, or any other comparable devices down a prepared course or lanes at a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Tubing park: means an area designated by an operator for tubing. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Unit: means any department, institution or commission of the Commonwealth; any public corporate instrumentality thereof; any district; or any locality. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Usable cannabis: means any cannabis plant material, including seeds, but not (i) resin that has been extracted from any part of the cannabis plant, its seeds, or its resin; (ii) the mature stalks, fiber produced from the stalks, or any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the mature stalks; or (iii) oil or cake made from the seeds of the plant. See Virginia Code 4.1-1600
• Value: means fair market value. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Verified claim: means a completed application, on a form designed by the Board, the truthfulness of which has been attested to by the claimant before a notary public, along with all required supporting documentation, that has been properly received by the Department in accordance with this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Verified claim: means a completed application, on a form designed by the Board, the truthfulness of which has been attested to by the claimant before a notary public, along with all required supporting documentation, that has been properly received by the Department in accordance with this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Virginia certified professional wetland delineator: means a person who possesses the qualifications required for certification by the provisions of this chapter and the regulations of the Board and who is granted certification by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wages: means all remuneration for employment, including the cash value of all remuneration paid in any medium other than cash, except that part of such remuneration which, even if it were paid for "employment" within the meaning of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, would not constitute "wages" within the meaning of that act. See Virginia Code 51.1-700
• Water or waste system: means any water system, sewer system, sewage disposal system, or refuse collection and disposal system, or any combination of such systems. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Water system: means all plants, systems, facilities or properties used or useful or having the present capacity for future use in connection with the supply or distribution of water, or facilities incident thereto, and any integral part thereof, including water supply systems, water distribution systems, dams and facilities for the generation or transmission of hydroelectric power, reservoirs, wells, intakes, mains, laterals, pumping stations, standpipes, filtration plants, purification plants, hydrants, meters, valves and equipment, appurtenances, and all properties, rights, easements and franchises relating thereto and deemed necessary or convenient by the authority for the operation thereof but not including dams or facilities for the generation or transmission of hydroelectric power that are not incident to plants, systems, facilities or properties used or useful or having the present capacity for future use in connection with the supply or distribution of water. See Virginia Code 15.2-5101
• Wetland delineation: means delineating wetland limits in accordance with prevailing state and federal regulatory guidance and describing wetland types. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetland professional: means a person having special knowledge of wetland science and the methods and principles of wetland delineation as acquired by education and experience in the formation, description, and mapping of wetlands. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetland science: means the science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wetland systems integrated through ecological and morphological relationships. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetlands: means the same as that term is defined in §§ Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Winter sport: means a recreational or sporting activity, including sliding, jumping, walking, or traveling on a winter sports area trail for alpine skiing; Nordic skiing; telemark skiing; freestyle skiing; snowboarding; freestyle snowboarding; snowshoeing; tobogganing; sledding; or use of a snowmobile, minibob, snowbike, or comparable device; or any similar activity or use of a device that takes place at any time of the year on natural snow, man-made snow, ice, synthetic snow, synthetic ice, or any other synthetic surface, including a competition or the use of any device by a disabled or adaptive participant for a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area: means all the real and personal property under control of the operator or on the premises of such property that is being occupied by the operator by fee simple, lease, license, easement, permission, or otherwise, including but not limited to any and all trails, freestyle terrain, competition terrain, passenger tramways, or other areas of real property. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area infrastructure: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• winter sports area operator: means any person who has responsibility for the operations of a winter sports area, including its officers, directors, and employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports area trail: means any slope, trail, run, freestyle terrain, or competition terrain located in a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area vehicle: means a vehicle used on a winter sports area trail in the operation and maintenance of winter sports areas and competitions and includes, but is not limited to, snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and any other similarly sized vehicles as well as larger maintenance vehicles such as snow grooming equipment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports participant: means an individual of any age or physical or mental ability who is an amateur or professional invitee of the operator or a trespasser and who participates in a winter sport at the winter sports area, whether or not consideration is paid to participate in the winter sport and whether or not the participant holds a valid admission ticket for all or a portion of the winter sports area, and any employee of the operator who participates in a winter sport either as part of his employment duties or as recreation. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• wrongfully incarcerated: means incarceration for a felony conviction for which the conviction has been vacated pursuant to Virginia Code 8.01-195.10