Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 23.1 > Subtitle IV - Public Institutions of Higher Education

• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Adult basic education: means education for individuals over the age of compulsory school attendance specified in § Virginia Code 22.1-223
• affiliated interest: when used in this chapter shall mean and include the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 56-76

• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Aggrieved person: means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire, electronic or oral communication or a person against whom the interception was directed;

  "Aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception;

  "Communications common carrier" means any person engaged as a common carrier for hire in communication by wire or radio or in radio transmission of energy;

  "Contents" when used with respect to any wire, electronic or oral communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of that communication;

  "Electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus that can be used to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by the subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of the subscriber's or user's business; or (ii) being used by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law-enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties;

  (b) A hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  "Electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photooptical system. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Agricultural liming material: means any limestone with calcium and magnesium compounds that has the capacity, and whose intended purpose is, to neutralize soil acidity. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Alcohol: means the product known as ethyl or grain alcohol obtained by distillation of any fermented liquor, rectified either once or more often, whatever the origin, and shall include synthetic ethyl alcohol, but shall not include methyl alcohol and alcohol completely denatured in accordance with formulas approved by the government of the United States. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Alcohol vaporizing device: means any device, machine, or process that mixes any alcoholic beverages with pure oxygen or other gas to produce a vaporized product for the purpose of consumption by inhalation. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Alcoholic beverages: includes alcohol, spirits, wine, and beer, and any one or more of such varieties containing one-half of one percent or more of alcohol by volume, including mixed alcoholic beverages, and every liquid or solid, powder or crystal, patented or not, containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer and capable of being consumed by a human being. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Anonymous physical evidence recovery kit: means a physical evidence recovery kit that is collected from a victim of sexual assault through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the sexual assault offense to a law-enforcement agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Anonymous trace evidence collection kit: means a trace evidence collection kit that is collected from a victim of strangulation through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the strangulation to a law-enforcement agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: means the person who applies for, or requests, a license, or applies for registration of any liming material; or applies to become a contractor. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Aquaculture: means the propagation, rearing, enhancement, and harvest of aquatic organisms in controlled or selected environments, conducted in marine, estuarine, brackish, or fresh water. See Virginia Code 3.2-2600
• Associate-degree-granting: means that an associate degree is the most advanced degree that is granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education: includes Richard Bland College and each comprehensive community college. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Authority: means the Virginia Public School Authority. See Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Authority: means the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority created pursuant to this subtitle. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Authority: means the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Authority. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Baccalaureate: means that bachelor's degrees or more advanced degrees, or both, are granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Baccalaureate public institution of higher education: includes Christopher Newport University, George Mason University, James Madison University, Longwood University, the University of Mary Washington, Norfolk State University, Old Dominion University, Radford University, the University of Virginia, the University of Virginia's College at Wise as a division of the University of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Military Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and The College of William and Mary in Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bank: means any national bank, any bank organized under Chapter 8 (§ Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Barrel: means any container or vessel having a capacity of more than 43 ounces. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Beekeeper: means any person who keeps and manages bees for profit, and shall include those growers who keep bees for pollinating crops. See Virginia Code 3.2-2800
• Beer: means any alcoholic beverage obtained by the fermentation of an infusion or decoction of barley, malt, and hops or of any similar products in drinkable water and containing one-half of one percent or more of alcohol by volume. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Bequeath: To gift property by will.
• Board: means the Virginia Board of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Board: means the State Board of Elections. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Board: means the board of directors of the Authority. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Board: means the Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Board: means the governing board of the Commonwealth Savers Plan. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Board of Commissioners: means the Board of Commissioners of the Authority. See Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Board of supervisors: means the governing body of a county. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Bond with surety: includes the payment in cash of the full amount of the required bond and, in such case, no surety shall be required. See Virginia Code 1-205
• Bonds: means bonds, notes, revenue certificates, lease participation certificates, or other evidences of indebtedness or deferred purchase financing arrangements. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Bottle: means any vessel intended to contain liquids and having a capacity of not more than 43 ounces. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Brand: means the term, designation, trademark, product name or other specific designation under which any liming material is offered for sale. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Bulk: means materials in nonpackaged form. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Burnt: means any agricultural liming material with calcium and magnesium compounds capable of neutralizing soil acidity, and that consists essentially of calcium oxide, or a combination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Bus: means a motor vehicle that (i) is operated by a common carrier licensed under Chapter 20 of Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Calcium carbonate equivalent: means the acid neutralizing capacity of any liming material, expressed as weight percentage of calcium carbonate. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Candidate: means a person who seeks or campaigns for an office of the Commonwealth or one of its governmental units in a general, primary, or special election and who is qualified to have his name placed on the ballot for the office. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Cardholder: means the person or organization named on the face of a credit card to whom or for whose benefit the credit card was issued by an issuer. See Virginia Code 6.2-424
• Career and technical education: means the training or retraining under public supervision and control that is (i) given in school classes, including field or laboratory work incidental to such training or retraining, exclusive of those career and technical education programs provided and administered by or through the public school system and (ii) conducted as part of a program designed to fit individuals for gainful employment as semiskilled or skilled workers or technicians in recognized occupations. See Virginia Code 23.1-2900
• career and technical education: means an organized education program offering a sequence of courses that (i) may incorporate field, laboratory, and classroom instruction; (ii) emphasize career and technical occupational experiences; (iii) are designed to prepare individuals for further education and gainful employment; and (iv) are aligned with state or national program certification and accreditation standards, if such standards exist for the sequence of courses. See Virginia Code 22.1-227.01
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Chancellor: means the Chancellor of the Virginia Community College System. See Virginia Code 23.1-2900
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Chief executive officer: means the chief executive officer of the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Authority. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• Child day center: means a child day program offered to (i) two or more children under the age of 13 in a facility that is not the residence of the provider or of any of the children in care or (ii) 13 or more children at any location. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Child day program: means a regularly operating service arrangement for children where, during the absence of a parent or guardian, a person or organization has agreed to assume responsibility for the supervision, protection, and well-being of a child under the age of 13 for less than a 24-hour period. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Children with disabilities: means those persons (i) who are age two to 21, inclusive, having reached the age of two by the date specified in § Virginia Code 22.1-213
• Club: means any private nonprofit corporation or association which is the owner, lessee, or occupant of an establishment operated solely for a national, social, patriotic, political, athletic, or other like purpose, but not for pecuniary gain, the advantages of which belong to all of the members. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• College partnership laboratory school: means a public, nonsectarian, nonreligious school in the Commonwealth established by a public institution of higher education; public higher education center, institute, or authority; or an eligible institution as defined in § Virginia Code 22.1-349.1
• Commercial lifestyle center: means a mixed-use commercial development covering a minimum of 10 acres of land and having at least 100,000 square feet of retail space featuring national specialty chain stores and a combination of dining, entertainment, office, residential, or hotel establishments located in a physically integrated outdoor setting that is pedestrian friendly and that is governed by a commercial owners' association that is responsible for the management, maintenance, and operation of the common areas thereof. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Commission: shall mean the "State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 56-265.13:2
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Committee: means the Program Advisory Committee established pursuant to § Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
• company: includes all corporations created by acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, or under the general incorporation laws of this Commonwealth, or doing business therein, and shall exclude all municipal corporations, other political subdivisions, and public institutions owned or controlled by the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Comprehensive community college: means an associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education governed by the State Board that offers instruction in one or more of the following fields:

  1. See Virginia Code 23.1-100

• Computing: means computer science, computational thinking, and computer coding. See Virginia Code 22.1-384
• Conduit entity: means an organization described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that qualifies as a public charity under § 509(a)(2) or 509(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and the purposes of which entity allow it to perform the functions and obligations of a conduit entity prescribed in a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Constitutional officer: means an officer provided for pursuant to Article VII, § 4 of the Constitution. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Container: means any barrel, bottle, carton, keg, vessel, or other receptacle used for holding alcoholic beverages. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Contents: when used with respect to any wire, electronic or oral communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of that communication;

  "Electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus that can be used to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by the subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of the subscriber's or user's business; or (ii) being used by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law-enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties;

  (b) A hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  "Electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photooptical system. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contractor: means any person required to hold a permit to sell any bulk liming material to the consumer pursuant to § Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Conveyed property: means real and personal property conveyed by a local government to a conduit or other entity pursuant to a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Corporation: means a nonstock, nonprofit corporation or foundation established for the express purpose of promoting career and technical education in a school division within the meaning of § 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code. See Virginia Code 22.1-228
• Costs: means (i) costs of (a) construction, reconstruction, renovation, site work, and acquisition of lands, structures, rights-of-way, franchises, easements, and other property rights and interests; (b) demolition, removal, or relocation of buildings or structures; (c) labor, materials, machinery, and all other kinds of equipment; (d) engineering and inspections; (e) financial, legal, and accounting services; (f) plans, specifications, studies, and surveys; (g) estimates of costs and of revenues; (h) feasibility studies; and (i) issuance of bonds, including printing, engraving, advertising, legal, and other similar expenses; (ii) financing charges; (iii) administrative expenses, including administrative expenses during the start-up of any project; (iv) credit enhancement and liquidity facility fees; (v) fees for interest rate caps, collars, swaps, or other financial derivative products; (vi) interest on bonds in connection with a project prior to and during construction or acquisition thereof and for a period not exceeding one year thereafter; (vii) provisions for working capital to be used in connection with any project; (viii) redemption premiums, obligations purchased to provide for the payment of bonds being refunded, and other costs necessary or incident to refunding of bonds; (ix) operating and maintenance reserve funds, debt reserve funds, and other reserves for the payment of principal and interest on bonds; (x) all other expenses necessary, desirable, or incidental to the operation of the Authority's facilities or the construction, reconstruction, renovation, acquisition, or financing of projects, other facilities, or equipment appropriate for carrying out the purposes of this chapter and the placing of the same in operation; or (xi) the refunding of bonds. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Council: means the governing body of a city or town. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Council: means the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County: means any existing county or such unit hereafter created. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Court: means any court vested with appropriate jurisdiction under the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
• Credit card: means any instrument or device, whether known as a credit card, credit plate, or by any other name, issued with or without fee by an issuer for the use of the cardholder in obtaining money, goods, services, or any other thing of value. See Virginia Code 6.2-424
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit union: means any credit union organized under Chapter 13 (§ Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Cross pollination: means the transfer of pollen from the anthers of blossoms to the stigmas of other blossoms of the same crops or a variety of the same crop. See Virginia Code 3.2-2800
• Cultural adult education: means English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), the preparation of foreign-born adults for participation in American life or for becoming American citizens, and other educational services for foreign-born individuals over the age of compulsory school attendance specified in § Virginia Code 22.1-223
• Day: means calendar days unless a different meaning is clearly expressed in this article. See Virginia Code 22.1-306
• Deadly force: means any force that is likely or intended to cause serious bodily injury or death. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Deadly weapon: means any object, other than a body part or stationary object, that in the manner of its actual, attempted, or threatened use is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Department: means the Department of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Department: means the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Department: means the Department of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Department: means the state agency headed by the Commissioner of Elections. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Department: means the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Dismissal: means the dismissal of any teacher during the term of such teacher's contract. See Virginia Code 22.1-306
• Distributor: means any person who distributes. See Virginia Code 3.2-3600
• Distributor: means any person who imports or consigns, manufactures, produces, compounds, mixes, or blends any liming material, or who offers for sale, sells, barters or otherwise supplies any liming material. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Division: means the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services of the Virginia Department of General Services. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Division superintendent: means the division superintendent of schools of a school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Dual enrollment: means the enrollment of a qualified high school student in a postsecondary course that is creditable toward high school completion and a career certificate or an associate or baccalaureate degree at a public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Dual enrollment: means the enrollment of a qualified high school student in a postsecondary course that is creditable toward high school completion and a career certificate or an associate or baccalaureate degree at a public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Early childhood care and education entity: means a child day center, family day home, or family day system serving children under the age of five. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Educational records: means those official records, files, and data directly related to a student and maintained by a school or local education agency, including records encompassing all the material kept in the student's cumulative folder such as general identifying data, records of attendance and of academic work completed, records of achievement and results of evaluative tests, health data, disciplinary status, test protocols, and individualized education programs. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• Election: means a general, primary, or special election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Election district: means the territory designated by proper authority or by law which is represented by an official elected by the people, including the Commonwealth, a congressional district, a General Assembly district, or a district for the election of an official of a county, city, town, or other governmental unit. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Electronic communication service: means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications;

  "Electronic communication system" means any wire, radio, electromagnetic, photooptical or photoelectronic facilities for the transmission of wire or electronic communications, and any computer facilities or related electronic equipment for the electronic storage of such communications;

  "Electronic storage" means any temporary, intermediate storage of a wire or electronic communication incidental to the electronic transmission thereof and any storage of such communication by an electronic communication service for purposes of backup protection of such communication;

  "Intercept" means any aural or other means of acquisition of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical or other device;

  "Investigative or law-enforcement officer" means any officer of the United States or of a state or political subdivision thereof, who is empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for offenses enumerated in this chapter, and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses;

  "Judge of competent jurisdiction" means a judge of any circuit court of the Commonwealth with general criminal jurisdiction;

  "Monitor" or "monitoring" means the actual auditory or visual acquisition of an intercepted communication by any means;

  "Oral communication" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectations but does not include any electronic communication;

  "Pen register" means a device or process that records or decodes dialing, routing, addressing or signaling information transmitted by an instrument or facility from which a wire or electronic communication is transmitted; however, such information shall not include the contents of any communication. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Elementary: includes kindergarten. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• elementary or secondary: include elementary, middle, and high school grades. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Eligible employee: means any individual who is (i) 18 years of age or older, (ii) currently employed at least 30 hours a week, and (iii) receiving wages. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Eligible employer: means a nongovernmental business, industry, trade, profession, or other enterprise in the Commonwealth, whether conducted on a for-profit or nonprofit basis, that employed 25 or more eligible employees, as reported to the Virginia Employment Commission pursuant to 16VAC5-32-20, or any successor regulation, for the quarter ending December 31 and the preceding three quarters of the preceding calendar year and has been operating for at least two years prior to Program implementation. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• ENV: means a relative value using the calcium oxide content, magnesium oxide content and fineness to express the effectiveness of an agricultural liming material in neutralizing soil acidity. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Establishment: means any place where alcoholic beverages of one or more varieties are lawfully manufactured, sold, or used. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Evidence-based literacy instruction: means structured instructional practices, including sequential, systematic, explicit, and cumulative teaching, that (i) are based on reliable, trustworthy, and valid evidence consistent with science-based reading research; (ii) are used in core or general instruction, supplemental instruction, intervention services, and intensive intervention services; (iii) have a demonstrated record of success in adequately increasing students' reading competency, vocabulary, oral language, and comprehension and in building mastery of the foundational reading skills of phonological and phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, phonics, spelling, and text reading fluency; and (iv) are able to be differentiated in order to meet the individual needs of students. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Excessive force: means any force that is objectively unreasonable given the totality of the circumstances, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Extracurricular activities: includes preparation for and involvement in public performances, contests, athletic competitions, demonstrations, displays, and club activities. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Family day home: means a child day program offered in the residence of the provider or the home of any of the children in care for one through 12 children under the age of 13, exclusive of the provider's own children and any children who reside in the home, when at least one child receives care for compensation. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Family day system: means any person who approves family day homes as members of its system; who refers children to available family day homes in that system; and who, through contractual arrangement, may provide central administrative functions including, but not limited to, training of operators of member homes; technical assistance and consultation to operators of member homes; inspection, supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of member homes; and referral of children to available health and social services. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Farm winery: means (i) an establishment or cooperative located in the Commonwealth on land zoned agricultural that has (a) a vineyard, orchard, or similar growing area that produces fruits or other agricultural products used to manufacture the wine of such farm winery, subject to the requirements set forth in § Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Fee: means any investment management charges, administrative charges, investment advice charges, trading fees, marketing and sales fees, revenue sharing, broker fees, and other costs necessary to run the Program. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Finance charge: has the meaning assigned to it in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Regulation Z, Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Fineness: means the percentage by weight of the material that will pass through United States Standards sieves of specified sizes. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Fund: means the Urban Public-Private Partnership Redevelopment Fund created by this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Fund: means the Virginia Broadband Infrastructure Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Fund: means the Virginia Infrastructure Project Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Fund: means the College and Career Ready Virginia Fund. See Virginia Code 22.1-237.1
• General adult education: means academic, cultural, and avocational instruction for individuals over the age of compulsory school attendance specified in § Virginia Code 22.1-223
• General election: means an election held in the Commonwealth on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November or on the first Tuesday in May for the purpose of filling offices regularly scheduled by law to be filled at those times. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• General registrar: means the person appointed by the electoral board of a county or city pursuant to § Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Gourmet brewing shop: means an establishment which sells to persons to whom wine or beer may lawfully be sold, ingredients for making wine or brewing beer, including packaging, and rents to such persons facilities for manufacturing, fermenting and bottling such wine or beer. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Governing board: means the board of a college partnership laboratory school that is responsible for creating, managing, and operating the college partnership laboratory school and whose members have been selected by the institution of higher education that establishes the college partnership laboratory school. See Virginia Code 22.1-349.1
• Governing board: includes the State Board and the board of visitors of each baccalaureate public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Government store: means a store established by the Authority for the sale of alcoholic beverages. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Grievance: means a complaint or dispute by a teacher relating to his employment, including (i) disciplinary action including dismissal; (ii) the application or interpretation of (a) personnel policies, (b) procedures, (c) rules and regulations, (d) ordinances, and (e) statutes; (iii) acts of reprisal against a teacher for filing or processing a grievance, participating as a witness in any step, meeting, or hearing relating to a grievance, or serving as a member of a fact-finding panel; and (iv) complaints of discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, political affiliation, disability, age, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status. See Virginia Code 22.1-306
• Grower: means any person actually engaged in the growing and producing of bright flue-cured tobacco or type 21 dark-fired tobacco. See Virginia Code 3.2-2400
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Handler: means any manufacturer, dealer, processor, or any other business entity that purchases tobacco directly from the grower. See Virginia Code 3.2-2400
• Health care provider: means any hospital, clinic, or other medical facility that provides forensic medical examinations to victims of sexual assault. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Hospital facilities: means all property or rights in property, real and personal, tangible and intangible, including all facilities suitable for providing hospital and health care services and all structures, buildings, improvements, additions, extensions, replacements, appurtenances, lands, rights in land, furnishings, landscaping, approaches, roadways, and other related and supporting facilities owned, leased, operated, or used, in whole or in part, by Virginia Commonwealth University as part of, or in connection with, MCV Hospitals in the normal course of its operations as a teaching, research, and medical treatment facility. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Hospital obligations: means all debts or other obligations, contingent or certain, owing to any person or other entity on the transfer date, arising out of the operation of MCV Hospitals as a medical treatment facility or the financing or refinancing of hospital facilities and including all bonds and other debts for the purchase of goods and services, whether or not delivered, and obligations for the delivery of services, whether or not performed. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Industrial co-product used to neutralize soil acid: means a waste or by-product of an industrial process that contains any compound not normally found in limestone that has the capacity, and whose intended purpose is, to neutralize soil acidity. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Innovation: means a new or creative alternative to existing instructional or administrative practices or school structures that evidence-based practice suggests will be effective in improving student learning and educational performance. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.28
• Interdicted person: means a person to whom the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited by order pursuant to this subtitle. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Internet wine and beer retailer: means a person who owns or operates an establishment with adequate inventory, shelving, and storage facilities, where, in consideration of payment, Internet or telephone orders are taken and shipped directly to consumers and which establishment is not a retail store open to the public. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intoxicated: means a condition in which a person has drunk enough alcoholic beverages to observably affect his manner, disposition, speech, muscular movement, general appearance, or behavior. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• IRA: means a Roth or traditional individual retirement account or annuity under § 408 or 408A of the Internal Revenue Code. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Issuer: means the business organization or financial institution or its duly authorized agent that issues a credit card. See Virginia Code 6.2-424
• Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Judge: means any judge, associate judge or substitute judge of any court or any magistrate. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• Jury instructions: A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Kind: means one of the two classes of liming material. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Kinetic impact munitions: includes impact rounds and baton rounds, such as rubber batons, bean bag rounds, foam baton rounds, and plastic, wax, wood, or rubber-coated projectiles. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Label: means any written or printed matter on, or attached to, the package, or on the delivery ticket that accompanies bulk shipments, of any liming material. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Law-enforcement agency: means the state or local law-enforcement agency with the primary responsibility for investigating an alleged sexual assault offense case and includes the employees of that agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Licensed: means the holding of a valid license granted by the Authority. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Licensee: means any person to whom a license has been granted by the Authority. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Licensee: means the person who receives a license to distribute any regulated product under the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 3.2-3600
• licensee: means the person issued a license to distribute any liming material in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Limestone: means a material consisting essentially of calcium carbonate, or a combination of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, capable of neutralizing soil acidity. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Liming material: means any agricultural liming material and any industrial co-product used to neutralize soil acid. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Loan: means a loan or forbearance of money. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Local community college board: means the board established to act in an advisory capacity to the State Board and perform such duties with respect to the operation of a single comprehensive community college as may be delegated to it by the State Board. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Local education agency: means a public authority legally constituted by a state as an administrative agency to provide control of and direction for kindergarten through grade 12 public schools. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• local electoral board: means a board appointed pursuant to § Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Local exchange telephone service: means telephone service provided in a geographical area established for the administration of communication services and consists of one or more central offices together with associated facilities which are used in providing local exchange service. See Virginia Code 56-1
• local governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, responsible for appropriating funds for such locality, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• local government: shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Local school bonds: means bonds or other obligations issued by counties, cities and towns under the provisions of Chapter 26 of Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Mail: includes electronic mail and other forms of electronic communication when the customer has requested or authorized electronic bill delivery or other electronic communications. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Manufacturer: means any person who manufactures, produces, compounds, mixes, blends, imports or consigns liming material, or who offers for sale, sells, barters or otherwise supplies liming material. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• Middle school: means separate schools for early adolescents and the middle school grades that might be housed at elementary or high schools. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Military status: means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in Virginia Code 22.1-306
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Multidivision online provider: means (i) a private or nonprofit organization that enters into a contract with a local school board to provide online courses or programs through that school board to students who reside in Virginia both within and outside the geographical boundaries of that school division; (ii) a private or nonprofit organization that enters into contracts with multiple local school boards to provide online courses or programs to students in grades K through 12 through those school boards; or (iii) a local school board that provides online courses or programs to students who reside in Virginia but outside the geographical boundaries of that school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.23
• municipal corporation: shall include an authority created by a governmental unit exempt from the referendum requirement of § Virginia Code 56-1
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• Neck restraint: means the use of any body part or object to attempt to control or disable a person by applying pressure against the neck, including the trachea or carotid artery, with the purpose, intent, or effect of controlling or restricting the person's movement or restricting the person's blood flow or breathing, including chokeholds, carotid restraints, and lateral vascular neck restraints. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Nonlegislative citizen member: means any natural person who is not a member of the General Assembly of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-225
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Officer of election: means a person appointed by an electoral board pursuant to § Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Online course: means a course or grade-level subject instruction that (i) is delivered by a multidivision online provider primarily electronically using the Internet or other computer-based methods and (ii) is taught by a teacher primarily from a remote location, with student access to the teacher given synchronously, asynchronously, or both. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.23
• Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
• open-end credit plan: means consumer credit extended by a creditor under a plan in which: (i) the creditor reasonably contemplates repeated transactions; (ii) the creditor may impose a finance charge from time to time on an outstanding unpaid balance; and (iii) the amount of credit that may be extended to the consumer during the term of the plan, up to any limit set by the creditor, is generally made available to the extent that any outstanding balance is repaid. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• parents: means any parent, guardian, legal custodian, or other person having control or charge of a child. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Participating employee: means any eligible employee who is enrolled in the Program. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Payment device: means any credit card, any "accepted card or other means of access" as defined in Virginia Code 6.2-424
• Payroll deposit retirement savings agreement: means an arrangement by which an employer allows employees to remit payroll deduction contributions to the Program. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• percentage: means by weight. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Performing arts facility: means an indoor or outdoor amphitheater, arena, multipurpose theater, or similar facility at which live musical, dance, theatre, or similar performances, the types of which are approved by the Authority, are performed, provided that the facility has stationary stadium or similar seating for more than 500 persons. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Person: shall include individuals, a trust, an estate, a partnership, an association, an order, a corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity;

  6. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Person: means any employee or agent of the Commonwealth or a political subdivision thereof, and any individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust or corporation;

  "Readily accessible to the general public" means, with respect to a radio communication, that such communication is not (i) scrambled or encrypted; (ii) transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential parameters have been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the privacy of such communication; (iii) carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a radio transmission; (iv) transmitted over a communication system provided by a communications common carrier, unless the communication is a tone-only paging system communication; or (v) transmitted on frequencies allocated under Part 25, subpart D, E, or F of Part 74, or Part 94 of the Rules of the Federal Communications Commission, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under Part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a two-way voice communication by radio;

  "Remote computing service" means the provision to the public of computer storage or processing services by means of an electronic communications system;

  "Trap and trace device" means a device or process that captures the incoming electronic or other impulses that identify the originating number or other dialing, routing, addressing and signaling information reasonably likely to identify the source of a wire or electronic communication; however, such information shall not include the contents of any communication;

  "User" means any person or entity who uses an electronic communication service and is duly authorized by the provider of such service to engage in such use;

  "Wire communication" means any aural transfer made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable, or other like connection, including the use of such connection in a switching station, furnished or operated by any person engaged in providing or operating such facilities for the transmission of communications. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Person: means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, association, business trust, corporation, or other business entity. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Person: includes individuals, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Person with a disability: means a person with a disability as defined in § Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Physical evidence recovery kit: means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of sexual assault during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of sexual assault. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plan: means the Commonwealth Savers Plan. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• political party: means an organization of citizens of the Commonwealth which, at either of the two preceding statewide general elections, received at least 10 percent of the total vote cast for any statewide office filled in that election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Polling place: means the structure that contains the one place provided for each precinct at which the qualified voters who are residents of the precinct may vote. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Precinct: means the territory designated by the governing body of a county, city, or town to be served by one polling place. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Private capital funding source: means a private entity that enters into a financing agreement, under which that private entity shall purchase a lease of the conveyed property for a consideration to be provided in such agreement, and its successors and assigns. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Program: means the Dolly Parton's Imagination Library of Virginia Program as established in this chapter. See Virginia Code 22.1-381
• Program: means the College and Career Ready Virginia Program. See Virginia Code 22.1-237.1
• Program: means the state-facilitated IRA savings program established in this chapter and administered by the Plan. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Project: means a structure or structures identified in the capital improvement program of the locality or an agency or instrumentality of the locality that is a revenue-producing undertaking as provided in § Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of broadband infrastructure, including wireless broadband infrastructure which will provide broadband services only to areas within the Commonwealth which are currently unserved by broadband services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of a facility, located at or adjacent to (i) a solid waste management facility permitted by the Department of Environmental Quality or (ii) a sewerage system or sewage treatment work described in § Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Project: means any health care, research, or educational facility or equipment necessary or convenient to or consistent with the purposes of the Authority, whether owned by the Authority, including hospitals; nursing homes; continuing care facilities; self-care facilities; wellness and health maintenance centers; medical office facilities; clinics; outpatient clinics; surgical centers; alcohol, substance abuse, and drug treatment centers; laboratories; sanitariums; hospices; facilities for the residence or care of elderly or chronically ill individuals or individuals with disabilities; residential facilities for nurses, interns, and physicians; other kinds of facilities for the treatment of sick, disturbed, or infirm individuals, the prevention of disease, or maintenance of health; colleges, schools, or divisions offering undergraduate or graduate programs for the health professions and sciences and such other courses of study as may be appropriate, together with research, training, and teaching facilities; all necessary or desirable related and supporting facilities and equipment or equipment alone, including (i) parking, kitchen, laundry, laboratory, wellness, pharmaceutical, administrative, communications, computer, and recreational facilities; (ii) power plants and equipment; (iii) storage space; (iv) mobile medical facilities; (v) vehicles; (vi) air transport equipment; and (vii) other equipment necessary or desirable for the transportation of medical equipment, medical personnel, or patients; and all lands, buildings, improvements, approaches, and appurtenances necessary or desirable in connection with or incidental to any project. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• project: means a project that supplements the regular career and technical education program in a school division and that is designed to provide effective practical training to students in the secondary schools of the school division and in which participation is optional and voluntary. See Virginia Code 22.1-228
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public charter school: means a public, nonreligious, or non-home-based alternative school located within a public school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.5
• Public institution of higher education: includes the System as a whole and each associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate public institution of higher education in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Public place: means any place, building, or conveyance to which the public has, or is permitted to have, access, including restaurants, soda fountains, hotel dining areas, lobbies and corridors of hotels, and any park, place of public resort or amusement, highway, street, lane, or sidewalk adjoining any highway, street, or lane. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• public service company: when used in this chapter shall mean every person, firm, corporation or association, or their lessees, trustees or receivers, other than a municipal corporation, now or hereafter engaged in business in this Commonwealth as a public utility and subject to regulation as to rates and service by the State Corporation Commission under the provisions of Chapter 10 (§ 56-232 et seq. See Virginia Code 56-76
• public service company: includes gas, pipeline, electric light, heat, power and water supply companies, sewer companies, telephone companies, and all persons authorized to transport passengers or property as a common carrier. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Publicly funded provider: means any (i) educational program provided by a school division or local government to children between birth and age five or (ii) child day program that receives state or federal funds in support of its operations that serves three or more unrelated children. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Qualified high school student: means a student who is eligible to participate in the Program in accordance with subdivision 3 of § Virginia Code 22.1-237.1
• Qualified voter: means a person who is entitled to vote pursuant to the Constitution of Virginia and who is (i) 18 years of age on or before the day of the election or qualified pursuant to § Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Quantity statement: means the net weight (mass), net volume (liquid or dry), count or other form of measurement of a commodity. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Rate: means rate charged for any service rendered or to be rendered. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Reading selection: means any high-quality, age-appropriate book provided to an eligible child under the Program. See Virginia Code 22.1-381
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Referendum: means any election held pursuant to law to submit a question to the voters for approval or rejection. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Regional public charter school: means a public charter school operated by two or more school boards and chartered directly by the participating school boards. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.5
• Registered family day home: means any family day home that has met the standards for voluntary registration for such homes pursuant to regulations adopted by the Board and that has obtained a certificate of registration from the Superintendent. See Virginia Code 22.1-289.02
• Registered voter: means any person who is maintained on the Virginia voter registration system. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Registrant: means the person who registers regulated products, under the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 3.2-3600
• Registrant: means the person registering any liming material pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Registration records: means all official records concerning the registration of qualified voters and shall include all records, lists, applications, and files, whether maintained in books, on cards, on automated data bases, or by any other legally permitted record-keeping method. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Regulated product: means any product governed by this chapter, including any fertilizer, specialty fertilizer, soil amendment, digestate, and horticultural growing medium. See Virginia Code 3.2-3600
• regulation: include joint rates, joint charges and joint regulations, respectively. See Virginia Code 56-1
• Related services: means transportation and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education, including speech pathology and audiology, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation, early identification and assessment of disabilities in children, counseling services, and medical services for diagnostic or evaluation purposes. See Virginia Code 22.1-213
• Religion: includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols. See Virginia Code 22.1-306
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Residence: means any building or part of a building or structure where a person resides, but does not include any part of a building that is not actually and exclusively used as a private residence, nor any part of a hotel or club other than a private guest room thereof. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Restaurant: means , for a wine and beer license or a limited mixed beverage restaurant license, any establishment provided with special space and accommodation, where, in consideration of payment, meals or other foods prepared on the premises are regularly sold. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Sangria: means a drink consisting of red or white wine mixed with some combination of sweeteners, fruit, fruit juice, soda, or soda water that may also be mixed with brandy, triple sec, or other similar spirits. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Savings institution: means any savings institution, as defined in § Virginia Code 6.2-300
• School board: means the school board that governs a school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• School pupils and personnel: includes school bus patrolmen when performing duties either in or outside a vehicle as prescribed by the Board of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-188
• schools: means a privately owned and operated preschool, school, or educational organization, no matter how titled, maintained or conducting classes for the purpose of offering instruction for a consideration, profit, or tuition to persons determined to have autism, deaf-blindness, a developmental delay, hearing loss including deafness, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, an orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, an emotional disturbance, a severe disability, a specific learning disability, a speech or language impairment, a traumatic brain injury, or a visual impairment including blindness. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Science-based reading research: means research that (i) applies rigorous, systematic, and objective observational or experimental procedures to obtain valid knowledge relevant to reading development, reading instruction, and reading and writing difficulties and (ii) explains how proficient reading and writing develop, why some children have difficulties developing key literacy skills, and how schools can best assess and instruct early literacy, including the use of evidence-based literacy instruction practices to promote reading and writing achievement. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• SDI: means a school division in which the local school board has developed and for which the Board has approved pursuant to regulations as set forth in this article a plan of innovation to improve student learning; educational performance; and college, career, and citizenship readiness skills in each school in the local school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.28
• sell: includes soliciting or receiving an order for; keeping, offering or exposing for sale; peddling, exchanging or bartering; or delivering otherwise than gratuitously, by any means, alcoholic beverages. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Sending state: means the state from which a child of a federal employee serving under orders pursuant to Title 22 or 50 of the United States Code is sent, brought, or caused to be sent or brought. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Sexual assault offense: means a violation or attempted violation of any offense enumerated in Article 7 (§ Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Special education: means specially designed instruction at no cost to the parent to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability, including classroom instruction, home instruction, instruction provided in hospitals and institutions, instruction in physical education, and instruction in career and technical education. See Virginia Code 22.1-213
• Special election: means any election that is held pursuant to law to fill a vacancy in office or to hold a referendum. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Special event: means an event sponsored by a duly organized nonprofit corporation or association and conducted for an athletic, charitable, civic, educational, political, or religious purpose. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Specially designed instruction: means instruction for which the content, methodology, or delivery is adapted, as appropriate to the needs of an eligible child, to (i) address the unique needs of the child that result from the child's disability and (ii) ensure that the child has access to the general curriculum so that the child can meet the educational standards that apply to all children within the jurisdiction of the local educational agency. See Virginia Code 22.1-213
• Specific learning disability: means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. See Virginia Code 22.1-213
• Spirits: means any beverage that contains alcohol obtained by distillation mixed with drinkable water and other substances, in solution, and includes, among other things, brandy, rum, whiskey, and gin, or any one or more of the last four named ingredients, but shall not include any such liquors completely denatured in accordance with formulas approved by the United States government. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Sports facility: means a coliseum, stadium, racetrack, or similar facility at which professional sports, as defined in § Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Standard liming ton: means a ton of agricultural liming material with a calcium carbonate equivalent of 90 percent. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• State: means one of 50 United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• State Board: means the Board of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• State Board: means the State Board for Community Colleges. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Student: means the child of a federal employee serving under orders pursuant to Title 22 or 50 of the United States Code and who is formally enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• Subordinate mortgage or deed of trust: means a mortgage or deed of trust that is subject to a prior mortgage or deed of trust in existence at the time of the making of the loan secured by such subordinate mortgage or deed of trust. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Superintendent: means the Superintendent of Public Instruction. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Superintendent: means the Superintendent of Public Instruction. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• System: means the Virginia Community College System. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tier-city: means an incorporated community within a consolidated county that (i) has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more, (ii) has been designated as a tier-city by the General Assembly, and (iii) has both the powers of a town and such additional powers as may be granted tier-cities by the General Assembly. See Virginia Code 1-252
• Ton: means a unit of 2,000 pounds avoirdupois weight. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July one, nineteen hundred seventy-one, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Trace evidence collection kit: means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of strangulation during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of strangulation. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Transfer date: means a date or dates agreed to by the board of visitors of Virginia Commonwealth University and the Authority for the transfer of employees to the Authority and for the transfer of hospital facilities, or any parts thereof, to and the assumption, directly or indirectly, of hospital obligations by the Authority, which dates for the various transfers and the various assumptions may be different, but in no event shall any date be later than June 30, 1997. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Transition: means (i) the formal and physical process of transferring from school to school or (ii) the period of time in which a student moves from one school in the sending state to another school in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 22.1-370
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Type: means the identification of the agricultural liming material as follows:

  1. See Virginia Code 3.2-3700

• University: means Virginia Commonwealth University. See Virginia Code 23.1-2400
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Vehicle: means any vehicle owned or operated by, or owned or operated by any person under contract with, a county, city, town or school board in which any school pupils or personnel are transported at public expense to or from any public school. See Virginia Code 22.1-188
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Victim of sexual assault: means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of a physical evidence recovery kit connected to a sexual assault offense. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Victim of strangulation: means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of evidence in connection with an alleged strangulation. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Virtual school program: means a series of online courses with instructional content that (i) is delivered by a multidivision online provider primarily electronically using the Internet or other computer-based methods; (ii) is taught by a teacher primarily from a remote location, with student access to the teacher given synchronously, asynchronously, or both; (iii) is delivered as a part-time or full-time program; and (iv) has an online component with online lessons and tools for student and data management. See Virginia Code 22.1-212.23
• Voter: means a qualified voter as defined in § Virginia Code 15.2-102
• voter registration system: means the automated central record-keeping system for all voters registered within the Commonwealth that is maintained as provided in Article 2 (§ Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Wages: means any compensation, as such term is defined in § 219(f)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, that is paid to an eligible employee by his employer during the calendar year. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Warehouse: means any person authorized by law to conduct auction sales of loose-leaf tobacco. See Virginia Code 3.2-2400
• Wine: includes any wine to which wine spirits have been added, as provided in the Internal Revenue Code, to make products commonly known as "fortified wine" which do not exceed an alcohol content of 21 percent by volume. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.