Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure 926.2 – Factual innocence
Terms Used In Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure 926.2
- Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
- application for post conviction relief: means a petition filed by a person in custody after sentence following conviction for the commission of an offense seeking to have the conviction and sentence set aside. See Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure 924
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Juror: A person who is on the jury.
- Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
- Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
- Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
- Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
A. A petitioner who has been convicted of an offense may seek post conviction relief on the grounds that he is factually innocent of the offense for which he was convicted. A petitioner’s first claim of factual innocence pursuant to this Article that would otherwise be barred from review on the merits by the time limitation provided in Article 930.8 or the procedural objections provided in Article 930.4 shall not be barred if the claim is contained in an application for post conviction relief filed on or before December 31, 2022, and if the petitioner was convicted after a trial completed to verdict. This exception to Articles 930.4 and 930.8 shall apply only to the claim of factual innocence brought under this Article and shall not apply to any other claims raised by the petitioner. An application for post conviction relief filed pursuant to this Article by a petitioner who pled guilty or nolo contendere to the offense of conviction or filed by any petitioner after December 31, 2022, shall be subject to Articles 930.4 and 930.8.
B.(1)(a) To assert a claim of factual innocence under this Article, a petitioner shall present new, reliable, and noncumulative evidence that would be legally admissible at trial and that was not known or discoverable at or prior to trial and that is either:
(i) Scientific, forensic, physical, or nontestimonial documentary evidence.
(ii) Testimonial evidence that is corroborated by evidence of the type described in Item (i) of this Subsubparagraph.
(b) To prove entitlement to relief under this Article, the petitioner shall present evidence that satisfies all of the criteria in Subsubparagraph (a) of this Subparagraph and that, when viewed in light of all of the relevant evidence, including the evidence that was admitted at trial and any evidence that may be introduced by the state in any response that it files or at any evidentiary hearing, proves by clear and convincing evidence that, had the new evidence been presented at trial, no rational juror would have found the petitioner guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of either the offense of conviction or of any felony offense that was a responsive verdict to the offense of conviction at the time of the conviction.
(2) A recantation of prior sworn testimony may be considered if corroborated by the evidence required by Subsubparagraph (1)(a) of this Paragraph. However, a recantation of prior sworn testimony cannot form the sole basis for relief pursuant to this Article.
(3) If the petitioner pled guilty or nolo contendere to the offense of conviction, in addition to satisfying all of the criteria in this Paragraph and in any other applicable provision of law, the petitioner shall show both of the following to prove entitlement to relief:
(a) That, by reliable evidence, he consistently maintained his innocence until his plea of guilty or nolo contendere.
(b) That he could not have known of or discovered his evidence of factual innocence prior to pleading guilty or nolo contendere.
C.(1) A grant of post conviction relief pursuant to this Article shall not prevent the petitioner from being retried for the offense of conviction, for a lesser offense based on the same facts, or for any other offense.
(2) If the petitioner waives his right to a jury trial and elects to be tried by a judge, the district judge who granted post conviction relief pursuant to this Article shall be recused and the case shall be allotted to a different judge in accordance with applicable law and rules of court.
(3) If the district judge denied post conviction relief pursuant to this Article and an appellate court later reversed the ruling of the district judge and granted post conviction relief pursuant to this Article, and if the petitioner waives his right to a jury trial and elects to be tried by a judge, upon the petitioner’s motion the district judge who denied post conviction relief shall be recused and the case shall be allotted to a different judge in accordance with applicable law and rules of court.
Acts 2021, No. 104, §1.