20 USC 80q-9 – Inventory, identification, and return of Indian human remains and Indian funerary objects in possession of Smithsonian Institution
(a) Inventory and identification
(1) The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in consultation and cooperation with traditional Indian religious leaders and government officials of Indian tribes, shall—
(A) inventory the Indian human remains and Indian funerary objects in the possession or control of the Smithsonian Institution; and
(B) using the best available scientific and historical documentation, identify the origins of such remains and objects.
Terms Used In 20 USC 80q-9
- burial site: means a natural or prepared physical location, whether below, on, or above the surface of the earth, into which, as a part of a death rite or ceremony of a culture, individual human remains are deposited. See 20 USC 80q-14
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
- funerary object: means an object that, as part of a death rite or ceremony of a culture, is intentionally placed with individual human remains, either at the time of burial or later. See 20 USC 80q-14
- Indian: means a member of an Indian tribe. See 20 USC 80q-14
- Indian tribe: has the meaning given that term in section 5304 of title 25. See 20 USC 80q-14
- individual: shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development. See 1 USC 8
(2) The inventory made by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution under paragraph (1) shall be completed not later than June 1, 1998.
(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term “inventory” means a simple, itemized list that, to the extent practicable, identifies, based upon available information held by the Smithsonian Institution, the geographic and cultural affiliation of the remains and objects referred to in paragraph (1).
(b) Notice in case of identification of tribal origin
If the tribal origin of any Indian human remains or Indian funerary object is identified by a preponderance of the evidence, the Secretary shall so notify any affected Indian tribe at the earliest opportunity.
(c) Return of Indian human remains and associated Indian funerary objects
If any Indian human remains are identified by a preponderance of the evidence as those of a particular individual or as those of an individual culturally affiliated with a particular Indian tribe, the Secretary, upon the request of the descendants of such individual or of the Indian tribe shall expeditiously return such remains (together with any associated funerary objects) to the descendants or tribe, as the case may be.
(d) Return of Indian funerary objects not associated with Indian human remains
If any Indian funerary object not associated with Indian human remains is identified by a preponderance of the evidence as having been removed from a specific burial site of an individual culturally affiliated with a particular Indian tribe, the Secretary, upon the request of the Indian tribe, shall expeditiously return such object to the tribe.
(e) Interpretation
Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as—
(1) limiting the authority of the Smithsonian Institution to return or repatriate Indian human remains or Indian funerary objects to Indian tribes or individuals; or
(2) delaying actions on pending repatriation requests, denying or otherwise affecting access to the courts, or limiting any procedural or substantive rights which may otherwise be secured to Indian tribes or individuals.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1991 and such sums as may be necessary for succeeding fiscal years to carry out this section and section 80q-9a of this title.