The following definitions apply to the provisions of this subpart:

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Acquire means to come into possession of, whether directly or indirectly, through a sale, trade, exchange, or other transaction. The term “acquisition” means the act of acquiring. The terms “acquire” and “purchase” are synonymous and are used interchangeably.

Act means the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990 (Pub. L. No. 101-382, 104 Stat. 714-726; 16 U.S.C. §§ 620–620j).

Area of operations refers to the geographic area within which logs from any origin have neither been exported nor transported to an area where export occurs. The area of operations will be determined for individual Forest Service Administrative Units or groups of Administrative Units by the Regional Foresters of Regions 1, 2, 3, and 4 on an as-needed basis, and used as part of the criteria for evaluating requests to waive the identifying and marking requirements for unprocessed Federal logs.

Cants or Flitches are synonymous, and mean trees or portions of trees, sawn on one or more sides, intended for remanufacture into other products elsewhere.

Civil penalties:

Willful disregard means a person knew or showed reckless disregard for the matter of whether the person’s conduct is prohibited by the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990, 16 U.S.C. § 620, et seq. with regard to the prohibition against exporting unprocessed Federal timber (including causing unprocessed timber to be exported).

Willfully means a person knew or showed reckless disregard for the matter of whether the person’s conduct is prohibited by the Forest Resources Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990, 16 U.S.C. et seq., or regulations issued under the Act, even though such violation may not have caused the export of unprocessed Federal timber in violation of the Act.

Disregard means to ignore, overlook, or fail to observe any provision of the Act or a regulation issued under this Act, even though such violation may not have caused the export of unprocessed Federal timber in violation of the Act.

Should have known means committing an act that a reasonable person in the timber industry would have known violates a provision of the Act or regulations issued under the Act, even though the violation may not have caused the export of unprocessed Federal timber in violation of the Act.

Each violation refers to any violation under the Act or its implementing regulations with regard to a single act, which includes but is not limited to a single marking (or lack thereof) on a single log, the export of a single log, or a single entry on a document.

Export means transporting, or causing to be transported, either directly or through another party, unprocessed timber to a foreign country. Export occurs:

(1) On the date that a person enters into an agreement to sell, trade, exchange or otherwise convey such timber to a person for delivery to a foreign country;

(2) When unprocessed timber is placed in an export facility in preparation (sorting, bundling, container loading etc.) for shipment outside the United States; or,

(3) When unprocessed timber is placed on board an ocean-going vessel, rail car, or other conveyance destined for a foreign country.

Federal lands means lands that are owned by the United States west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States, but do not include any land the title to which is;

(1) Held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual;

(2) Held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation; or

(3) Held by any Native Corporation as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. § 1602).

Finished products means products from trees, portions of trees or other roundwood products processed to standards and specifications intended for end product use.

Fiscal year means the Federal fiscal year beginning October 1, and ending the following September 30.

Gross value means the total value a person received from the transfer of unprocessed Federal timber involved in a violation, before production, delivery, agent fees, overhead, or other costs are removed.

Hammer brand refers to an identifying mark or brand composed of numbers, letters, characters, or a combination of numbers, letters, or characters permanently attached to a hammer, or other similar striking tool. The hammer brand must make a legible imprint of the brand in the end of a log when struck.

Highway yellow paint refers to an oil base or equivalent yellow paint of lasting quality comparable to the yellow paint used to mark highways.

Log refers to an unprocessed portion of a tree that is transported to a manufacturing facility or other location for processing, transferring to another person, or exporting. “Logs” is synonymous with “timber”.

Manufacturing facility means a permanently located processing plant used to convert unprocessed timber into products.

Non-manufacturer means a person who does not own or operate a manufacturing facility.

Person means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity and includes any subsidiary, subcontractor, parent company, and business affiliates. Persons are affiliates of each other when either directly or indirectly, one person controls or has the power to control the other or a third party or parties control or have the power to control both. In determining whether or not affiliation exists, consideration shall be given to all appropriate factors, including but not limited to common ownership, common management, common facilities, and contractual relationships.

Private lands means lands, located west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States held or owned by a person. Such term does not include Federal lands or public lands, or any land the title to which is;

(1) Held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual;

(2) Held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation; or

(3) Held by any Native Corporation as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. § 1602).

Processed means timber processed into products listed in § 223.187 of these regulations.

Purchase has the same meaning as acquire. The terms are used interchangeably.

Same geographic and economic area means the land within the boundaries of an approved sourcing area.

Sourcing area means the geographic area approved by the Secretary which includes a person’s timber manufacturing facility and the private and Federal lands from which the person acquires or intends to acquire unprocessed timber to supply such manufacturing facility; a sourcing area must be geographically and economically separate from any area from which that person harvests for export any unprocessed timber originating from private lands.

Substitution occurs when:

(1) A person acquires, directly or indirectly, unprocessed timber from Federal lands west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States and engages in exporting or selling for export, unprocessed timber originating from private lands within the same geographic and economic area; or

(2) A person acquires, directly or indirectly, unprocessed timber from Federal lands west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States and, during the preceding 24-month period, exported unprocessed timber originating from private lands; or

(3) A person exports or sells for export, unprocessed timber originating from private lands within the same geographic and economic area in the same calendar year that the person has unprocessed timber originating from Federal lands in the person’s possession or under contract; or

(4) A person purchases, directly or indirectly, unprocessed timber originating from Federal lands if such person sells or otherwise transfers unprocessed timber that originates from private lands west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States and that requires domestic processing, to a third party if that third party or successive parties export that unprocessed private timber. A third party or successive parties who acquire such unprocessed timber that originates from private lands west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States and that requires domestic processing may not export such timber.

Transaction means an arrangement involving the transfer of unprocessed timber.

Transaction statement is a signed copy of one of the transaction reporting forms in 36 CFR 223.193 and 223.194.

Transfer means to pass title, sell, trade, exchange, or otherwise convey unprocessed timber to another person.

Unprocessed timber means trees or portions of trees or other roundwood not processed to standards and specifications suitable for end product use and intended for remanufacture. Unprocessed timber does not include products intended for remanufacture that meet the criteria listed in § 223.187(a) (2) or (3). For the purposes of reporting and identifying under §§ 223.193, 223.194 and 223.195, unprocessed timber also means timber products listed in § 223.187 of these regulations, and other timber products including house logs that are part of a structure kit, that are indistinguishable from other unprocessed timber.