40 CFR 141.857 – Routine monitoring requirements for public water systems serving more than 1,000 people
(a) General. (1) The provisions of this section apply to public water systems serving more than 1,000 persons.
(2) Following any total coliform-positive sample taken under the provisions of this section, systems must comply with the repeat monitoring requirements and E. coli analytical requirements in § 141.858.
(3) Once all monitoring required by this section and § 141.858 for a calendar month has been completed, systems must determine whether any coliform treatment technique triggers specified in § 141.859 have been exceeded. If any trigger has been exceeded, systems must complete assessments as required by § 141.859.
(4) Seasonal systems. (i) Beginning April 1, 2016, all seasonal systems must demonstrate completion of a State-approved start-up procedure, which may include a requirement for start-up sampling prior to serving water to the public.
(ii) The State may exempt any seasonal system from some or all of the requirements for seasonal systems if the entire distribution system remains pressurized during the entire period that the system is not operating.
(b) Monitoring frequency for total coliforms. The monitoring frequency for total coliforms is based on the population served by the system, as follows:
Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency for Public Water Systems Serving More Than 1,000 People
| Population served | Minimum number of samples per month |
|---|---|
| 1,001 to 2,500 | 2 |
| 2,501 to 3,300 | 3 |
| 3,301 to 4,100 | 4 |
| 4,101 to 4,900 | 5 |
| 4,901 to 5,800 | 6 |
| 5,801 to 6,700 | 7 |
| 6,701 to 7,600 | 8 |
| 7,601 to 8,500 | 9 |
| 8,501 to 12,900 | 10 |
| 12,901 to 17,200 | 15 |
| 17,201 to 21,500 | 20 |
| 21,501 to 25,000 | 25 |
| 25,001 to 33,000 | 30 |
| 33,001 to 41,000 | 40 |
| 41,001 to 50,000 | 50 |
| 50,001 to 59,000 | 60 |
| 59,001 to 70,000 | 70 |
| 70,001 to 83,000 | 80 |
| 83,001 to 96,000 | 90 |
| 96,001 to 130,000 | 100 |
| 130,001 to 220,000 | 120 |
| 220,001 to 320,000 | 150 |
| 320,001 to 450,000 | 180 |
| 450,001 to 600,000 | 210 |
| 600,001 to 780,000 | 240 |
| 780,001 to 970,000 | 270 |
| 970,001 to 1,230,000 | 300 |
| 1,230,001 to 1,520,000 | 330 |
| 1,520,001 to 1,850,000 | 360 |
| 1,850,001 to 2,270,000 | 390 |
| 2,270,001 to 3,020,000 | 420 |
| 3,020,001 to 3,960,000 | 450 |
| 3,960,001 or more | 480 |
(c) Unfiltered subpart H systems. A subpart H system of this part that does not practice filtration in compliance with subparts H, P, T, and W must collect at least one total coliform sample near the first service connection each day the turbidity level of the source water, measured as specified in § 141.74(b)(2), exceeds 1 NTU. When one or more turbidity measurements in any day exceed 1 NTU, the system must collect this coliform sample within 24 hours of the first exceedance, unless the State determines that the system, for logistical reasons outside the system’s control, cannot have the sample analyzed within 30 hours of collection and identifies an alternative sample collection schedule. Sample results from this coliform monitoring must be included in determining whether the coliform treatment technique trigger in § 141.859 has been exceeded.
(d) Reduced monitoring. Systems may not reduce monitoring, except for non-community water systems using only ground water (and not ground water under the direct influence of surface water) serving 1,000 or fewer people in some months and more than 1,000 persons in other months. In months when more than 1,000 persons are served, the systems must monitor at the frequency specified in paragraph (a) of this section. In months when 1,000 or fewer people are served, the State may reduce the monitoring frequency, in writing, to a frequency allowed under § 141.854 for a similarly situated system that always serves 1,000 or fewer people, taking into account the provisions in § 141.854(e) through (g).