47 CFR 1.80 – Forfeiture proceedings
(a) Persons against whom and violations for which a forfeiture may be assessed. A forfeiture penalty may be assessed against any person found to have:
(1) Willfully or repeatedly failed to comply substantially with the terms and conditions of any license, permit, certificate, or other instrument of authorization issued by the Commission;
(2) Willfully or repeatedly failed to comply with any of the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended; or of any rule, regulation or order issued by the Commission under that Act or under any treaty, convention, or other agreement to which the United States is a party and which is binding on the United States;
(3) Violated any provision of section 317(c) or 508(a) of the Communications Act;
(4) Violated any provision of sections 227(b) or (e) of the Communications Act or of §§ 64.1200(a)(1) through (5) and 64.1604 of this title;
(5) Violated any provision of section 511(a) or (b) of the Communications Act or of paragraph (b)(6) of this section;
(6) Violated any provision of section 1304, 1343, or 1464 of Title 18, United States Code; or
(7) Violated any provision of section 6507 of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 or any rule, regulation, or order issued by the Commission under that statute.
A forfeiture penalty assessed under this section is in addition to any other penalty provided for by the Communications Act, except that the penalties provided for in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section shall not apply to conduct which is subject to a forfeiture penalty or fine under sections 202(c), 203(e), 205(b), 214(d), 219(b), 220(d), 223(b), 364(a), 364(b), 386(a), 386(b), 506, and 634 of the Communications Act. The remaining provisions of this section are applicable to such conduct.
(b) Limits on the amount of forfeiture assessed—
(1) Forfeiture penalty for a broadcast station licensee, permittee, cable television operator, or applicant. If the violator is a broadcast station licensee or permittee, a cable television operator, or an applicant for any broadcast or cable television operator license, permit, certificate, or other instrument of authorization issued by the Commission, except as otherwise noted in this paragraph (b)(1), the forfeiture penalty under this section shall not exceed $59,316 for each violation or each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $593,170 for any single act or failure to act described in paragraph (a) of this section. There is no limit on forfeiture assessments for EEO violations by cable operators that occur after notification by the Commission of a potential violation. See section 634(f)(2) of the Communications Act (47 U.S.C. § 554). Notwithstanding the foregoing in this section, if the violator is a broadcast station licensee or permittee or an applicant for any broadcast license, permit, certificate, or other instrument of authorization issued by the Commission, and if the violator is determined by the Commission to have broadcast obscene, indecent, or profane material, the forfeiture penalty under this section shall not exceed $479,945 for each violation or each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $4,430,255 for any single act or failure to act described in paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) Forfeiture penalty for a common carrier or applicant. If the violator is a common carrier subject to the provisions of the Communications Act or an applicant for any common carrier license, permit, certificate, or other instrument of authorization issued by the Commission, the amount of any forfeiture penalty determined under this section shall not exceed $237,268 for each violation or each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $2,372,677 for any single act or failure to act described in paragraph (a) of this section.
(3) Forfeiture penalty for a manufacturer or service provider. If the violator is a manufacturer or service provider subject to the requirements of section 255, 716, or 718 of the Communications Act (47 U.S.C. § 255, 617, or 619), and is determined by the Commission to have violated any such requirement, the manufacturer or service provider shall be liable to the United States for a forfeiture penalty of not more than $136,258 for each violation or each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $1,362,567 for any single act or failure to act.
(4) Forfeiture penalty for a 227(e) violation. Any person determined to have violated section 227(e) of the Communications Act or the rules issued by the Commission under section 227(e) of the Communications Act shall be liable to the United States for a forfeiture penalty of not more than $13,625 for each violation or three times that amount for each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $1,362,567 for any single act or failure to act. Such penalty shall be in addition to any other forfeiture penalty provided for by the Communications Act.
(5) Forfeiture penalty for a 227(b)(4)(B) violation. Any person determined to have violated section 227(b)(4)(B) of the Communications Act or the rules in 47 CFR part 64 issued by the Commission under section 227(b)(4)(B) of the Communications Act shall be liable to the United States for a forfeiture penalty determined in accordance with paragraphs (A)-(F) of section 503(b)(2) plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580.
(6) Forfeiture penalty for pirate radio broadcasting. (i) Any person who willfully and knowingly does or causes or suffers to be done any pirate radio broadcasting shall be subject to a fine of not more than $2,316,034; and
(ii) Any person who willfully and knowingly violates the Act or any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by the Commission under authority of the Act, or any rule, regulation, restriction, or condition made or imposed by any international radio or wire communications treaty or convention, or regulations annexed thereto, to which the United States is party, relating to pirate radio broadcasting shall, in addition to any other penalties provided by law, be subject to a fine of not more than $115,802 for each day during which such offense occurs, in accordance with the limit described in this section.
(7) Forfeiture penalty for a section 6507(b)(4) Tax Relief Act violation. If a violator who is granted access to the Do-Not-Call registry of public safety answering points discloses or disseminates any registered telephone number without authorization, in violation of section 6507(b)(4) of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 or the Commission’s implementing rules in 47 CFR part 64, the monetary penalty for such unauthorized disclosure or dissemination of a telephone number from the registry shall be not less than $127,602 per incident nor more than $1,276,024 per incident depending upon whether the conduct leading to the violation was negligent, grossly negligent, reckless, or willful, and depending on whether the violation was a first or subsequent offense.
(8) Forfeiture penalty for a section 6507(b)(5) Tax Relief Act violation. If a violator uses automatic dialing equipment to contact a telephone number on the Do-Not-Call registry of public safety answering points, in violation of section 6507(b)(5) of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 or the Commission’s implementing rules in 47 CFR part 64, the monetary penalty for contacting such a telephone number shall be not less than $12,760 per call nor more than $127,602 per call depending on whether the violation was negligent, grossly negligent, reckless, or willful, and depending on whether the violation was a first or subsequent offense.
(9) Forfeiture penalty for a failure to block. Any person determined to have failed to block illegal robocalls pursuant to §§ 64.6305(g) and 64.1200(n) of this chapter shall be liable to the United States for a forfeiture penalty of no more than $23,727 for each violation, to be assessed on a per-call basis.
(10) Maximum forfeiture penalty for any case not previously covered. In any case not covered in paragraphs (b)(1) through (9) of this section, the amount of any forfeiture penalty determined under this section shall not exceed $23,727 for each violation or each day of a continuing violation, except that the amount assessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed a total of $177,951 for any single act or failure to act described in paragraph (a) of this section.
(11) Factors considered in determining the amount of the forfeiture penalty. In determining the amount of the forfeiture penalty, the Commission or its designee will take into account the nature, circumstances, extent and gravity of the violations and, with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay, and such other matters as justice may require.
Table 1 to Paragraph (
| Forfeitures | Violation amount |
|---|---|
| Misrepresentation/lack of candor | (1) |
| Failure to file required DODC required forms, and/or filing materially inaccurate or incomplete DODC information | $15,000 |
| Construction and/or operation without an instrument of authorization for the service | 10,000 |
| Failure to comply with prescribed lighting and/or marking | 10,000 |
| Violation of public file rules | 10,000 |
| Violation of political rules: Reasonable access, lowest unit charge, equal opportunity, and discrimination | 9,000 |
| Unauthorized substantial transfer of control | 8,000 |
| Violation of children’s television commercialization or programming requirements | 8,000 |
| Violations of rules relating to distress and safety frequencies | 8,000 |
| False distress communications | 8,000 |
| EAS equipment not installed or operational | 8,000 |
| Alien ownership violation | 8,000 |
| Failure to permit inspection | 7,000 |
| Transmission of indecent/obscene materials | 7,000 |
| Interference | 7,000 |
| Importation or marketing of unauthorized equipment | 7,000 |
| Exceeding of authorized antenna height | 5,000 |
| Fraud by wire, radio or television | 5,000 |
| Unauthorized discontinuance of service | 5,000 |
| Use of unauthorized equipment | 5,000 |
| Exceeding power limits | 4,000 |
| Failure to Respond to Commission communications | 4,000 |
| Violation of sponsorship ID requirements | 4,000 |
| Unauthorized emissions | 4,000 |
| Using unauthorized frequency | 4,000 |
| Failure to engage in required frequency coordination | 4,000 |
| Construction or operation at unauthorized location | 4,000 |
| Violation of requirements pertaining to broadcasting of lotteries or contests | 4,000 |
| Violation of transmitter control and metering requirements | 3,000 |
| Failure to file required forms or information | 3,000 |
| Per call violations of the robocall blocking rules | 2,500 |
| Failure to make required measurements or conduct required monitoring | 2,000 |
| Failure to provide station ID | 1,000 |
| Unauthorized pro forma transfer of control | 1,000 |
| Failure to maintain required records | 1,000 |
Table 2 to Paragraph (
| Violation | Services affected | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Unauthorized conversion of long distance telephone service | Common Carrier | $40,000 |
| Violation of operator services requirements | Common Carrier | 7,000 |
| Violation of pay-per-call requirements | Common Carrier | 7,000 |
| Failure to implement rate reduction or refund order | Cable | 7,500 |
| Violation of cable program access rules | Cable | 7,500 |
| Violation of cable leased access rules | Cable | 7,500 |
| Violation of cable cross-ownership rules | Cable | 7,500 |
| Violation of cable broadcast carriage rules | Cable | 7,500 |
| Violation of pole attachment rules | Cable | 7,500 |
| Failure to maintain directional pattern within prescribed parameters | Broadcast | 7,000 |
| Violation of broadcast hoax rule | Broadcast | 7,000 |
| AM tower fencing | Broadcast | 7,000 |
| Broadcasting telephone conversations without authorization | Broadcast | 4,000 |
| Violation of enhanced underwriting requirements | Broadcast | 2,000 |
Table 3 to Paragraph (
| (1) Egregious misconduct. |
| (2) Ability to pay/relative disincentive. |
| (3) Intentional violation. |
| (4) Substantial harm. |
| (5) Prior violations of any FCC requirements. |
| (6) Substantial economic gain. |
| (7) Repeated or continuous violation. |
| (1) Minor violation. |
| (2) Good faith or voluntary disclosure. |
| (3) History of overall compliance. |
| (4) Inability to pay. |
Table 4 to Paragraph (
| Violation | Statutory amount after 2023 annual inflation adjustment |
|---|---|
| Sec. 202(c) Common Carrier Discrimination | $14,236, $712/day. |
| Sec. 203(e) Common Carrier Tariffs | $14,236, $712/day. |
| Sec. 205(b) Common Carrier Prescriptions | $28,472. |
| Sec. 214(d) Common Carrier Line Extensions | $2,847/day. |
| Sec. 219(b) Common Carrier Reports | $2,847/day. |
| Sec. 220(d) Common Carrier Records & Accounts | $14,236/day. |
| Sec. 223(b) Dial-a-Porn | $147,529/day. |
| Sec. 227(e) Caller Identification | $13,625/violation. $40,875/day for each day of continuing violation, up to $1,362,567 for any single act or failure to act. |
| Sec. 364(a) Forfeitures (Ships) | $11,864/day (owner). |
| Sec. 364(b) Forfeitures (Ships) | $2,374 (vessel master). |
| Sec. 386(a) Forfeitures (Ships) | $11,864/day (owner). |
| Sec. 386(b) Forfeitures (Ships) | $2,374 (vessel master). |
| Sec. 511 Pirate Radio Broadcasting | $2,316,034, $115,802/day. |
| Sec. 634 Cable EEO | $1,052/day. |
1 Unlike section 503 of the Act, which establishes maximum forfeiture amounts, other sections of the Act, with two exceptions, state prescribed amounts of forfeitures for violations of the relevant section. These amounts are then subject to mitigation or remission under section 504 of the Act. One exception is section 223 of the Act, which provides a maximum forfeiture per day. For convenience, the Commission will treat this amount as if it were a prescribed base amount, subject to downward adjustments. The other exception is section 227(e) of the Act, which provides maximum forfeitures per violation, and for continuing violations. The Commission will apply the factors set forth in section 503(b)(2)(E) of the Act and this table 4 to determine the amount of the penalty to assess in any particular situation. The amounts in this table 4 are adjusted for inflation pursuant to the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (DCIA), 28 U.S.C. § 2461. These non-section 503 forfeitures may be adjusted downward using the “Downward Adjustment Criteria” shown for section 503 forfeitures in table 3 to this paragraph (b)(11).
Guidelines for Assessing Forfeitures. The Commission and its staff may use the guidelines in tables 1 through 4 of this paragraph (b)(11) in particular cases. The Commission and its staff retain the discretion to issue a higher or lower forfeiture than provided in the guidelines, to issue no forfeiture at all, or to apply alternative or additional sanctions as permitted by the statute. The forfeiture ceilings per violation or per day for a continuing violation stated in section 503 of the Communications Act and the Commission’s rules are described in paragraph (b)(12) of this section. These statutory maxima became effective September 13, 2013. Forfeitures issued under other sections of the Act are dealt with separately in table 4 to this paragraph (b)(11).
(12) Inflation adjustments to the maximum forfeiture amount. (i) Pursuant to the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, Public Law 114-74 (129 Stat. 599-600), which amends the Federal Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, Public Law 101-410 (104 Stat. 890; 28 U.S.C. § 2461 note), the statutory maximum amount of a forfeiture penalty assessed under this section shall be adjusted annually for inflation by order published no later than January 15 each year. Annual inflation adjustments will be based on the percentage (if any) by which the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for October preceding the date of the adjustment exceeds the prior year’s CPI-U for October. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) will issue adjustment rate guidance no later than December 15 each year to adjust for inflation in the CPI-U as of the most recent October.
(ii) The application of the annual inflation adjustment required by the foregoing Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 results in the following adjusted statutory maximum forfeitures authorized by the Communications Act:
Table 5 to Paragraph (
| U.S. Code citation | Maximum penalty after 2023 annual inflation adjustment |
|---|---|
| 47 U.S.C. § 202(c) | $14,236, $712. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 203(e) | $14,236, $712. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 205(b) | $28,472. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 214(d) | $2,847. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 219(b) | $2,847. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 220(d) | $14,236. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 223(b) | $147,529. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 227(b)(4)(B) | $59,316, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $593,170, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $237,268, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $2,372,677, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $479,945, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $4,430,255, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $23,727, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $177,951, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $136,258, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580; $1,362,567, plus an additional penalty not to exceed $11,580. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 227(e) | $13,625, $40,875, $1,362,567. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 362(a) | $11,864. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 362(b) | $2,374. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 386(a) | $11,864. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 386(b) | $2,374. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(A) | $59,316, $593,170. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(B) | $237,268, $2,372,677. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(C) | $479,945, $4,430,255. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(D) | $23,727, $177,951. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 503(b)(2)(F) | $136,258, $1,362,567. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 507(a) | $2,350. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 507(b) | $345. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 511 | $2,316,034, $115,802. |
| 47 U.S.C. § 554 | $1,052. |
| Sec. 6507(b)(4) of Tax Relief Act | $1,276,024/incident. |
| Sec. 6507(b)(5) of Tax Relief Act | $127,602/call. |
Pursuant to Public Law 104-134, the first inflation adjustment cannot exceed 10 percent of the statutory maximum amount.
(c) Limits on the time when a proceeding may be initiated. (1) In the case of a broadcast station, no forfeiture penalty shall be imposed if the violation occurred more than 1 year prior to the issuance of the appropriate notice or prior to the date of commencement of the current license term, whichever is earlier. For purposes of this paragraph, “date of commencement of the current license term” means the date of commencement of the last term of license for which the licensee has been granted a license by the Commission. A separate license term shall not be deemed to have commenced as a result of continuing a license in effect under section 307(c) pending decision on an application for renewal of the license.
(2) In the case of a forfeiture imposed against a carrier under sections 202(c), 203(e), and 220(d), no forfeiture will be imposed if the violation occurred more than 5 years prior to the issuance of a notice of apparent liability.
(3) In the case of a forfeiture imposed under section 227(e), no forfeiture will be imposed if the violation occurred more than 4 years prior to the date on which the appropriate notice was issued.
(4) In the case of a forfeiture imposed under section 227(b)(4)(B), no forfeiture will be imposed if the violation occurred more than 4 years prior to the date on which the appropriate notice is issued.
(5) In all other cases, no penalty shall be imposed if the violation occurred more than 1 year prior to the date on which the appropriate notice is issued.
(d) Preliminary procedure in some cases; citations. Except for a forfeiture imposed under sections 227(b), 227(e)(5), 511(a), and 511(b) of the Act, no forfeiture penalty shall be imposed upon any person under the preceding sections if such person does not hold a license, permit, certificate, or other authorization issued by the Commission, and if such person is not an applicant for a license, permit, certificate, or other authorization issued by the Commission, unless, prior to the issuance of the appropriate notice, such person:
(1) Is sent a citation reciting the violation charged;
(2) Is given a reasonable opportunity (usually 30 days) to request a personal interview with a Commission official, at the field office which is nearest to such person’s place of residence; and
(3) Subsequently engages in conduct of the type described in the citation. However, a forfeiture penalty may be imposed, if such person is engaged in (and the violation relates to) activities for which a license, permit, certificate, or other authorization is required or if such person is a cable television operator, or in the case of violations of section 303(q), if the person involved is a nonlicensee tower owner who has previously received notice of the obligations imposed by section 303(q) from the Commission or the permittee or licensee who uses that tower. Paragraph (c) of this section does not limit the issuance of citations. When the requirements of this paragraph have been satisfied with respect to a particular violation by a particular person, a forfeiture penalty may be imposed upon such person for conduct of the type described in the citation without issuance of an additional citation.
(e) Preliminary procedure in Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act (PIRATE Act) cases. Absent good cause, in any case alleging a violation of subsection (a) or (b) of section 511 of the Act, the Commission shall proceed directly to issue a notice of apparent liability for forfeiture without first issuing a notice of unlicensed operation.
(f) Alternative procedures. In the discretion of the Commission, a forfeiture proceeding may be initiated either: (1) By issuing a notice of apparent liability, in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section, or (2) a notice of opportunity for hearing, in accordance with paragraph (g).
(g) Notice of apparent liability. Before imposing a forfeiture penalty under the provisions of this paragraph, the Commission or its designee will issue a written notice of apparent liability.
(1) Content of notice. The notice of apparent liability will:
(i) Identify each specific provision, term, or condition of any act, rule, regulation, order, treaty, convention, or other agreement, license, permit, certificate, or instrument of authorization which the respondent has apparently violated or with which he has failed to comply,
(ii) Set forth the nature of the act or omission charged against the respondent and the facts upon which such charge is based,
(iii) State the date(s) on which such conduct occurred, and
(iv) Specify the amount of the apparent forfeiture penalty.
(2) Delivery. The notice of apparent liability will be sent to the respondent, by certified mail, at his last known address (see § 1.5).
(3) Response. The respondent will be afforded a reasonable period of time (usually 30 days from the date of the notice) to show, in writing, why a forfeiture penalty should not be imposed or should be reduced, or to pay the forfeiture. Any showing as to why the forfeiture should not be imposed or should be reduced shall include a detailed factual statement and such documentation and affidavits as may be pertinent.
(4) Forfeiture order. If the proposed forfeiture penalty is not paid in full in response to the notice of apparent liability, the Commission, upon considering all relevant information available to it, will issue an order canceling or reducing the proposed forfeiture or requiring that it be paid in full and stating the date by which the forfeiture must be paid.
(5) Judicial enforcement of forfeiture order. If the forfeiture is not paid, the case will be referred to the Department of Justice for collection under section 504(a) of the Communications Act.
(h) Notice of opportunity for hearing. The procedures set out in this paragraph apply only when a formal hearing under section 503(b)(3)(A) of the Communications Act is being held to determine whether to assess a forfeiture penalty.
(1) Before imposing a forfeiture penalty, the Commission may, in its discretion, issue a notice of opportunity for hearing. The formal hearing proceeding shall be conducted by an administrative law judge under procedures set out in subpart B of this part, including procedures for appeal and review of initial decisions. A final Commission order assessing a forfeiture under the provisions of this paragraph is subject to judicial review under section 402(a) of the Communications Act.
(2) If, after a forfeiture penalty is imposed and not appealed or after a court enters final judgment in favor of the Commission, the forfeiture is not paid, the Commission will refer the matter to the Department of Justice for collection. In an action to recover the forfeiture, the validity and appropriateness of the order imposing the forfeiture are not subject to review.
(3) Where the possible assessment of a forfeiture is an issue in a hearing proceeding to determine whether a pending application should be granted, and the application is dismissed pursuant to a settlement agreement or otherwise, and the presiding judge has not made a determination on the forfeiture issue, the presiding judge shall forward the order of dismissal to the attention of the full Commission. Within the time provided by § 1.117, the Commission may, on its own motion, proceed with a determination of whether a forfeiture against the applicant is warranted. If the Commission so proceeds, it will provide the applicant with a reasonable opportunity to respond to the forfeiture issue (see paragraph (f)(3) of this section) and make a determination under the procedures outlined in paragraph (f) of this section.
(i) Payment. The forfeiture should be paid electronically using the Commission’s electronic payment system in accordance with the procedures set forth on the Commission’s website, www.fcc.gov/licensing-databases/fees.
(j) Remission and mitigation. In its discretion, the Commission, or its designee, may remit or reduce any forfeiture imposed under this section. After issuance of a forfeiture order, any request that it do so shall be submitted as a petition for reconsideration pursuant to § 1.106.
(k) Effective date. Amendments to paragraph (b) of this section implementing Pub. L. No. 101-239 are effective December 19, 1989.