Terms Used In CFR > Title 47 > Chapter I > Subchapter B - Common Carrier Services

• Act: refers to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Administrator: means the Universal Service Administrative Company. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• affordable connectivity benefit: means a monthly discount for an eligible household, applied to the actual amount charged to such household, in an amount equal to such amount charged, but not more than $30, or, if an internet service offering is provided to an eligible household on Tribal land, not more than $75. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annual percentage rate: The cost of credit at a yearly rate. It is calculated in a standard way, taking the average compound interest rate over the term of the loan so borrowers can compare loans. Lenders are required by law to disclose a card account's APR. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• area code relief: refers to the process by which central office codes are made available when there are few or no unassigned central office codes remaining in an existing area code and a new area code is introduced. See 47 CFR 52.7
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• broadband internet access service: has the meaning given such term in 47 CFR 8. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• broadband internet access service: has the meaning given such term in 47 CFR 8. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• broadband provider: means a provider of broadband internet access service. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• broadband provider: means a provider of broadband internet access service. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Capital stock: includes all forms of equity ownership, including partnership interests. See 47 CFR 63.09
• carrier: shall include an entity that provides interconnected VoIP service, as that term is defined in section 9. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
• central office code: refers to the second three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone number in the form NXX-NXX-XXXX, where N represents any one of the numbers 2 through 9 and X represents any one of the numbers 0 through 9. See 47 CFR 52.7
• central office code administrator: refers to the entity or entities responsible for managing central office codes in each area code. See 47 CFR 52.7
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• Commission: means the Federal Communications Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• Commission: means the Federal Communications Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• communications-related services: means telecommunications services, information services typically provided by telecommunications carriers, and services related to the provision or maintenance of customer premises equipment. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• community anchor institutions: refers to schools, libraries, health care providers, community colleges, other institutions of higher education, and other community support organizations and entities. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• connected device: means a laptop or desktop computer or a tablet. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• connected device: means a laptop or desktop computer or a tablet. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Database: is a n electronic system, with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the detection and elimination of duplicative support, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• dividend: includes any dividends on capital stock subject to a redemption request even if under GAAP those dividends are treated as an "interest expense. See 12 CFR 1291.1
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• economic unit: consists of all adult individuals contributing to and sharing in the income and expenses of a household. See 47 CFR 54.400
• economic unit: consists of all adult individuals contributing to and sharing in the income and expenses of a household. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• economic unit: consists of all adult individuals contributing to and sharing in the income and expenses of a household. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• element: includes network elements, interconnection, and methods of obtaining interconnection and access to unbundled elements. See 47 CFR 51.501
• eligible household: means , regardless of whether the household or any member of the household receives support under subpart E of 47 CFR part 54 (or any successor regulation), and regardless of whether any member of the household has any past or present arrearages with a broadband provider, a household in which—

  (1) At least one member of the household meets the qualifications 47 CFR 54. See 47 CFR 54.1600

• eligible household: means , regardless of whether the household or any member of the household receives support under subpart E of this Part, and regardless of whether any member of the household has any past or present arrearages with a broadband provider, a household in which—

  (1) At least one member of the household meets the qualifications in § 54. See 47 CFR 54.1800

• eligible resident of Tribal lands: is a "qualifying low-income consumer" as defined in paragraph (a) of this section, living on Tribal lands. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Eligible telecommunications carrier: means a carrier designated as such under subpart C of this part. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• emergency broadband benefit: means a monthly discount for an eligible household applied to the actual amount charged to such household, which shall be no more than the standard rate for an internet service offering and associated equipment, in an amount equal to such amount charged, but not more than $50, or, if an internet service offering is provided to an eligible household on Tribal land, not more than $75. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• emergency period: means the period that—

  (1) Begins on the date of the enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act; and

  (2) Ends on the date that is 6 months after the date on which the determination by the Secretary of Health and Human Services pursuant to section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U. See 47 CFR 54.1600

• Enrollment representative: means an employee, agent, contractor, or subcontractor, acting on behalf of a participating provider or third-party entity, who directly or indirectly provides information to the Administrator for the purpose of eligibility verification, enrollment, subscriber personal information updates, benefit transfers, or de-enrollment. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Entire package final offer arbitration: is a procedure under which the arbitrator must select, without modification, the entire proposal submitted by one of the parties to the arbitration. See 47 CFR 51.5
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• health care provider: is a ny:

  (1) Post-secondary educational institution offering health care instruction, including a teaching hospital or medical school;

  (2) Community health center or health center providing health care to migrants;

  (3) Local health department or agency;

  (4) Community mental health center;

  (5) Not-for-profit hospital;

  (6) Rural health clinic;

  (7) Skilled nursing facility (as defined in section 395i-3(a) of Title 42); or a

  (8) Consortium of health care providers consisting of one or more entities described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7) in this section. See 47 CFR 54.600

• High-cost support: refers to those support mechanisms provided pursuant to subparts D, J, K, L, M, and O of this part. See 47 CFR 54.5
• household: is a ny individual or group of individuals who are living together at the same address as one economic unit. See 47 CFR 54.400
• household: is a ny individual or group of individuals who are living together at the same address as one economic unit. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• household: is a ny individual or group of individuals who are living together at the same address as one economic unit. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Income: means gross income as defined under section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Income: means gross income as defined under section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• Income: means gross income as defined under section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• information services typically provided by telecommunications carriers: as used in this subpart , shall not include retail consumer services provided using Internet Web sites (such as travel reservation services or mortgage lending services), whether or not such services may otherwise be considered to be information services. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• interLATA service: includes both interLATA telecommunications services and interLATA information services. See 47 CFR 53.3
• Internet access: includes the following elements:

  (1) The transmission of information as common carriage; and

  (2) The transmission of information as part of a gateway to an information service, when that transmission does not involve the generation or alteration of the content of information, but may include data transmission, address translation, protocol conversion, billing management, introductory information content, and navigational systems that enable users to access information services, and that do not affect the presentation of such information to users. See 47 CFR 54.5

• internet service offering: means , with respect to a broadband provider, broadband internet access service provided by such provider to a household, offered in the same manner, and on the same terms, as described in any of such provider's offerings for broadband internet access service to such household, as on December 1, 2020. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• internet service offering: means , with respect to a broadband provider, broadband internet access service provided by such provider to a household. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• interstate: includes any Jurisdictionally Mixed Charge, as defined in paragraph (u) of this section. See 47 CFR 64.6000
• Interstate telecommunication: is a communication or transmission:

  (1) From any State, Territory, or possession of the United States (other than the Canal zone), or the District of Columbia, to any other State, Territory, or possession of the United States (other than the Canal Zone), or the District of Columbia,

  (2) From or to the United States to or from the Canal Zone, insofar as such communication or transmission takes place within the United States, or

  (3) Between points within the United States but through a foreign country. See 47 CFR 54.5

• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Intrastate telecommunication: is a communication or transmission from within any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or the District of Columbia to a location within that same State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or the District of Columbia. See 47 CFR 54.5
• inventory: refers to all telephone numbers distributed, assigned or allocated:

  (1) To a service provider; or

  (2) To a pooling administrator for the purpose of establishing or maintaining a thousands-block number pool. See 47 CFR 52.7

• Issue-by-issue final offer arbitration: is a procedure under which the arbitrator must select, without modification, on an issue-by-issue basis, one of the proposals submitted by the parties to the arbitration. See 47 CFR 51.5
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• LAN: is a local area network, which is a set of high-speed links connecting devices, generally computers, on a single shared medium, usually on the user's premises. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• mobile competitive eligible telecommunications carrier: is a carrier that meets the definition of a "competitive eligible telecommunications carrier" in this section and that provides a terrestrial-based service meeting the definition of "commercial mobile radio service" in § 51. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage: includes a mortgage, lien, including a subordinate lien, or other security interest on the stock or membership certificate issued to a tenant-stockholder or resident-member by a cooperative housing corporation, as defined in section 216 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and on the proprietary lease, occupancy agreement, or right of tenancy in the dwelling unit of the tenant-stockholder or resident-member in such cooperative housing corporation. See 12 CFR 1282.1
• National Lifeline Accountability Database: is a n electronic system, with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the detection and elimination of duplicative support, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• National Lifeline Accountability Database: is a n electronic system, with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the detection and elimination of duplicative support, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• National Verifier: is a n electronic and manual system with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the determination of consumer eligibility for the Lifeline program, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.400
• National Verifier: is a n electronic and manual system with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the determination of consumer eligibility for the Lifeline program and Emergency Broadband Benefit Program, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• National Verifier: is a n electronic and manual system with associated functions, processes, policies and procedures, to facilitate the determination of consumer eligibility for the Lifeline program and Affordable Connectivity Program, as directed by the Commission. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• North American Numbering Plan Administrator: refers to the entity or entities responsible for managing the NANP. See 47 CFR 52.7
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• off-site administrative office: is a facility that does not provide hands-on delivery of patient care but performs administrative support functions that are critical to the provision of clinical care by eligible health care providers. See 47 CFR 54.600
• off-site data center: is a facility that serves as a centralized repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of an eligible health care provider's computer systems, associated components, and data, including (but not limited to) electronic health records. See 47 CFR 54.600
• opt-in approval: refers to a method for obtaining customer consent to use, disclose, or permit access to the customer's CPNI. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• opt-out approval: refers to a method for obtaining customer consent to use, disclose, or permit access to the customer's CPNI. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• own: means to own an equity interest (or the equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent. See 47 CFR 53.3
• participating provider: means a broadband provider that—

  (1)(i) Is designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier; or

  (ii) Meets requirements established by the Commission for participation in the Emergency Broadband Benefit Program and is approved by the Commission under 47 CFR 54. See 47 CFR 54.1600

• participating provider: means a broadband provider that—

  (1) Is designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier; or

  (2) Meets the requirements established by the Commission for participation in the Affordable Connectivity Program and is approved by the Commission under § 54. See 47 CFR 54.1800

• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Pooling Administrator: refers to the entity or entities responsible for administering a thousands-block number pool. See 47 CFR 52.7
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• qualifying assistance program: means any of the federal or Tribal assistance programs the participation in which, pursuant to § 54. See 47 CFR 54.400
• qualifying low-income consumer: is a consumer who meets the qualifications for Lifeline, as specified in § 54. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Redlining: The alleged practice of certain lending institutions of not making mortgage, home improvement, and small business loans in certain neighborhoods-usually areas that are deteriorating or considered by the lender to be poor investments. ^{Source: OCC}
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• restricted lands: as used in this part does not include the restricted lands of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation. See 25 CFR 18.2
• restricted property: as used in this part does not include the restricted lands of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma or the Osage Nation. See 25 CFR 15.2
• rural area: is a n area that is entirely outside of a Core Based Statistical Area; is within a Core Based Statistical Area that does not have any Urban Area with a population of 25,000 or greater; or is in a Core Based Statistical Area that contains an Urban Area with a population of 25,000 or greater, but is within a specific census tract that itself does not contain any part of a Place or Urban Area with a population of greater than 25,000. See 47 CFR 54.600
• rural health care provider: is a n eligible health care provider site located in a rural area. See 47 CFR 54.600
• Rural incumbent local exchange carrier: is a carrier that meets the definitions of "rural telephone company" and "incumbent local exchange carrier" as those terms are defined in § 51. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• standard rate: means the monthly retail rate for the applicable tier of broadband internet access service as of December 1, 2020, excluding any taxes or other governmental fees. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• state commission: means the commission, board or official (by whatever name designated) that, under the laws of any state, has regulatory jurisdiction with respect to intrastate operations of carriers. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Technically feasible: means capable of accomplishment as evidenced by prior success under similar circumstances. See 47 CFR 54.5
• telecommunications carrier: is a ny provider of telecommunications services, except that such term does not include aggregators of telecommunications services as defined in section 226 of the Act. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Telecommunications channel: means a telephone line, or, in the case of wireless communications, a transmittal line or cell site. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Toll blocking service: is a service provided by an eligible telecommunications carrier that lets subscribers elect not to allow the completion of outgoing toll calls from their telecommunications channel. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Toll control service: is a service provided by an eligible telecommunications carrier that allows subscribers to specify a certain amount of toll usage that may be incurred on their telecommunications channel per month or per billing cycle. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Tribal lands: include any federally recognized Indian tribe's reservation, pueblo or colony, including former reservations in Oklahoma, Alaska Native regions established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. See 47 CFR 54.5
• Tribal lands: include any federally recognized Indian tribe's reservation, pueblo, or colony, including former reservations in Oklahoma; Alaska Native regions established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. See 47 CFR 54.400
• Tribal lands: include any Federally recognized Indian tribe's reservation, pueblo, or colony, including former reservations in Oklahoma; Alaska Native regions established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. See 47 CFR 54.1600
• Tribal lands: include any federally recognized Indian tribe's reservation, pueblo, or colony, including former reservations in Oklahoma; Alaska Native regions established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. See 47 CFR 54.1800
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• unsubsidized competitor: is a facilities-based provider of residential fixed voice and broadband service that does not receive high-cost support. See 47 CFR 54.5
• valid photo ID: is a government-issued means of personal identification with a photograph such as a driver's license, passport, or comparable ID that is not expired. See 47 CFR 64.2003
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.