Subchapter I General Provisions
Subchapter II Vesting and Liquidation of Bulgarian, Hungarian, and Rumanian Property
Subchapter III Claims Against Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, Italy, and the Soviet Union
Subchapter IV Claims Against Czechoslovakia
Subchapter V Claims Against Cuba and China
Subchapter VI Claims Against German Democratic Republic
Subchapter VII Claims Against Vietnam
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Terms Used In U.S. Code > Title 22 > Chapter 21 - Settlement of International Claims

  • Administrator: means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. See 42 USC 6903
  • Administrator: means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. See 42 USC 7602
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • Advisory Board: means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. See 7 USC 3103
  • affected source: means a source that includes one or more affected units. See 42 USC 7651a
  • affected unit: means a unit that is subject to emission reduction requirements or limitations under this subchapter. See 42 USC 7651a
  • affiliate: shall mean an entity effectively controlled or owned by the Corporation, except that such term shall not include an originator (as defined in section 2279aa of this title). See 12 USC 2279aa-11
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • agricultural research: means research in the food and agricultural sciences. See 7 USC 3103
  • air pollutant: means any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive (including source material, special nuclear material, and byproduct material) substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air. See 42 USC 7602
  • air pollution control agency: means any of the following:

    (1) A single State agency designated by the Governor of that State as the official State air pollution control agency for purposes of this chapter. See 42 USC 7602

  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • allowance: means an authorization, allocated to an affected unit by the Administrator under this subchapter, to emit, during or after a specified calendar year, one ton of sulfur dioxide. See 42 USC 7651a
  • alternative method of compliance: means a method of compliance in accordance with one or more of the following authorities:

    (A) a substitution plan submitted and approved in accordance with subsections 4 7651c(b) and (c) of this title. See 42 USC 7651a

  • animal health research capacity: means the capacity of an eligible institution to conduct animal health and disease research, as determined by the Secretary. See 7 USC 3192
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • appliance: means any device which contains and uses a class I or class II substance as a refrigerant and which is used for household or commercial purposes, including any air conditioner, refrigerator, chiller, or freezer. See 42 USC 7671
  • applicable employment taxes: means the following:

    (A) The taxes imposed under section 3111(b). See 26 USC 3134

  • applicable implementation plan: means the portion (or portions) of the implementation plan, or most recent revision thereof, which has been approved under section 7410 of this title, or promulgated under section 7410(c) of this title, or promulgated or approved pursuant to regulations promulgated under section 7601(d) of this title and which implements the relevant requirements of this chapter. See 42 USC 7602
  • application for restructuring: means a written request&mdash. See 12 USC 2202a
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • aquaculture: means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments. See 7 USC 3103
  • armored car company: means a company&mdash. See 15 USC 5904
  • armored car crew member: means an individual who provides protection for goods transported by an armored car company. See 15 USC 5904
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • association: when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to embrace the words "successors and assigns of such company or association" in like manner as if these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed. See 1 USC 5
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
  • Balanced budget: A budget in which receipts equal outlays.
  • Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
  • baseline: means the annual quantity of fossil fuel consumed by an affected unit, measured in millions of British Thermal Units ("mmBtu's"), calculated as follows:

    (A) For each utility unit that was in commercial operation prior to January 1, 1985, the baseline shall be the annual average quantity of mmBtu's consumed in fuel during calendar years 1985, 1986, and 1987, as recorded by the Department of Energy pursuant to Form 767. See 42 USC 7651a

  • baseline year: means &mdash. See 42 USC 7671
  • basic Phase II allowance allocations: means :

    (A) For calendar years 2000 through 2009 inclusive, allocations of allowances made by the Administrator pursuant to section 7651b of this title and subsections (b)(1), (3), and (4). See 42 USC 7651a

  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Bequest: Property gifted by will.
  • Board of Directors: means the Board of Directors of the Corporation. See 12 USC 2277a
  • Bureau: means the Bureau of the Census. See 13 USC 1
  • capacity factor: means the ratio between the actual electric output from a unit and the potential electric output from that unit. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Chairman: means the Chairman of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies. See 22 USC 262r
  • Chairperson: means the Chairperson of the Council. See 12 USC 5311
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • Claims Fund: means the special fund established in the Treasury of the United States composed of such sums as may be paid to or realized by the United States pursuant to the terms of any agreement settling those claims described in section 1645b of this title that may be entered into between the Governments of the United States and Vietnam. See 22 USC 1645a
  • class I substance: means each of the substances listed as provided in section 7671a(a) of this title. See 42 USC 7671
  • class II substance: means each of the substances listed as provided in section 7671a(b) of this title. See 42 USC 7671
  • clinical research: means patient oriented clinical research conducted with human subjects, or research on the causes and consequences of disease in human populations involving material of human origin (such as tissue specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator or colleague directly interacts with human subjects in an outpatient or inpatient setting to clarify a problem in human physiology, pathophysiology or disease, or epidemiologic or behavioral studies, outcomes research or health services research, or developing new technologies, therapeutic interventions, or clinical trials. See 42 USC 284d
  • commenced commercial operation: means to have begun to generate electricity for sale. See 42 USC 7651a
  • commerce: means commerce among the several States or with foreign nations, or in any Territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such Territory and another, or between any such Territory and any State or foreign nation, or between the District of Columbia and any State or Territory or foreign nation. See 15 USC 68
  • Commission: means the Federal Trade Commission. See 15 USC 68
  • Commission: means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, established pursuant to Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1954 (68 Stat. See 22 USC 1641
  • Commission: means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, established, pursuant to Reorganization Plan Number 1 of 1954 (68 Stat. See 22 USC 1642
  • Commission: means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States. See 22 USC 1644a
  • Commission: means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States. See 22 USC 1645a
  • Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. See 26 USC 7701
  • Commissioner: means the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. See 42 USC 7671
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. Source: OCC
  • compliance plan: means , for purposes of the requirements of this subchapter, either&mdash. See 42 USC 7651a
  • comprehensive planning: include planning or management respecting resource recovery and resource conservation. See 42 USC 6903
  • Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
  • construction: means fabrication, erection, or installation of an affected unit. See 42 USC 7651a
  • consumption: means , with respect to any substance, the amount of that substance produced in the United States, plus the amount imported, minus the amount exported to Parties to the Montreal Protocol. See 42 USC 7671
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • cooperative extension services: means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. See 7 USC 3103
  • Corporation: means the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation established in section 2277a-1 of this title. See 12 USC 2277a
  • cost of foreclosure: includes &mdash. See 12 USC 2202a
  • CTG: means a Control Technique Guideline published by the Administrator under section 7408 of this title. See 42 USC 7602
  • dean: means the dean of an accredited school or college of veterinary medicine. See 7 USC 3192
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • demonstration: means the initial exhibition of a new technology process or practice or a significantly new combination or use of technologies, processes or practices, subsequent to the development stage, for the purpose of proving technological feasibility and cost effectiveness. See 42 USC 6903
  • Department: means the Department of Energy or any component thereof, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. See 42 USC 7101
  • Department of Agriculture: means the United States Department of Agriculture. See 7 USC 3103
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
  • designated representative: means a responsible person or official authorized by the owner or operator of a unit to represent the owner or operator in matters pertaining to the holding, transfer, or disposition of allowances allocated to a unit, and the submission of and compliance with permits, permit applications, and compliance plans for the unit. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Director: means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. See 15 USC 5503
  • director: means the director of a State agricultural experiment station which qualifies as an eligible institution. See 7 USC 3192
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazardous waste into or on any land or water so that such solid waste or hazardous waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. See 42 USC 6903
  • distressed loan: means a loan that the borrower does not have the financial capacity to pay according to its terms and that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:

    (A) The borrower is demonstrating adverse financial and repayment trends. See 12 USC 2202a

  • Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • electric utility: means any person, State agency, or Federal agency which sells electric energy. See 42 USC 6802
  • eligible employer: means any employer&mdash. See 26 USC 3134
  • eligible institution: means an accredited school or college of veterinary medicine or a State agricultural experiment station that conducts animal health and disease research. See 7 USC 3192
  • employee: shall include a full-time life insurance salesman who is considered an employee for the purpose of chapter 21. See 26 USC 7701
  • Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • Equal Credit Opportunity Act: Prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because an applicant receives income from a public assistance program. Source: OCC
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
  • executive department: means any executive department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States or any corporation wholly owned by the United States. See 42 USC 201
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • existing unit: means a unit (including units subject to section 7411 of this title) that commenced commercial operation before November 15, 1990. See 42 USC 7651a
  • exposure assessment: means an assessment to determine the extent of exposure of, or potential for exposure of, individuals to petroleum from a release from an underground storage tank based on such factors as the nature and extent of contamination and the existence of or potential for pathways of human exposure (including ground or surface water contamination, air emissions, and food chain contamination), the size of the community within the likely pathways of exposure, and the comparison of expected human exposure levels to the short-term and long-term health effects associated with identified contaminants and any available recommended exposure or tolerance limits for such contaminants. See 42 USC 6991b
  • extension: means the informal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture. See 7 USC 3103
  • facility: means , with respect to any owner or operator, all underground storage tanks used for the storage of petroleum which are owned or operated by such owner or operator and located on a single parcel of property (or on any contiguous or adjacent property). See 42 USC 6991b
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Federal agency: means any department, agency, or other instrumentality of the Federal Government, any independent agency or establishment of the Federal Government including any Government corporation, and the Government Publishing Office. See 42 USC 6903
  • Federal agency: means any agency or instrumentality of the United States. See 42 USC 6802
  • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Source: OCC
  • Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Source: OCC
  • Federal Trade Commission Act: means the Act of Congress entitled "An Act to create a Federal Trade Commission, to define its powers and duties, and for other purposes" approved September 26, 1914, as amended, and the Federal Trade Commission Act approved March 21, 1938. See 15 USC 68
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
    • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
    • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
    • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
  • food and agricultural sciences: means basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in food and fiber, agricultural, renewable energy and natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, including activities relating to the following:

    (A) Animal health, production, and well-being. See 7 USC 3103

  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • foreclosure proceeding: means &mdash. See 12 USC 2202a
  • foreign nonbank financial company: means a company (other than a company that is, or is treated in the United States as, a bank holding company) that is&mdash. See 12 USC 5311
  • Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC
  • function: includes reference to any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, and activity, or the plural thereof, as the case may be. See 42 USC 7101
  • functions: shall be deemed to include references to duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, and activity, or the plural thereof, as the case may be. See 42 USC 5874
  • Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
  • generator: means a device that produces electricity and which is reported as a generating unit pursuant to Department of Energy Form 860. See 42 USC 7651a
  • German Democratic Republic: includes the government of any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or under its control. See 22 USC 1644a
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
  • Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
  • guarantor: means any person, other than the owner or operator, who provides evidence of financial responsibility for an owner or operator under this subsection. See 42 USC 6991b
  • hazardous waste: means a solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may&mdash. See 42 USC 6903
  • hazardous waste generation: means the act or process of producing hazardous waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • hazardous waste management: means the systematic control of the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, processing, treatment, recovery, and disposal of hazardous wastes. See 42 USC 6903
  • heart diseases: means diseases of the heart and circulation. See 42 USC 201
  • high-end computing: means the most advanced and capable computing systems, including their hardware, storage, networking and software, encompassing both massive computational capability and large-scale data analytics to solve computational problems of national importance that are beyond the capability of small- to medium-scale systems, including computing formerly known as high-performance computing. See 15 USC 5503
  • import: means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the United States. See 42 USC 7671
  • including: when used in a definition contained in this title shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined. See 26 USC 7701
  • Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
  • Indian tribe: means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village, which is Federally recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians. See 42 USC 7602
  • Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • installation of a new motor fuel dispenser system: means the installation of a new motor fuel dispenser and the equipment necessary to connect the dispenser to the underground storage tank system, but does not mean the installation of a motor fuel dispenser installed separately from the equipment need to connect the dispenser to the underground storage tank system. See 42 USC 6991b
  • institution-affiliated party: means &mdash. See 12 USC 2271
  • insured obligation: means any note, bond, debenture, or other obligation issued under subsection (c) or (d) of section 2153 of this title&mdash. See 12 USC 2277a
  • insured System bank: means any System bank whose participation in notes, bonds, debentures, and other obligations issued under subsection (c) or (d) of section 2153 of this title is insured under this part. See 12 USC 2277a
  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • intermunicipal agency: means an agency established by two or more municipalities with responsibility for planning or administration of solid waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • international energy program: means the Agreement on an International Energy Program, signed by the United States on November 18, 1974, including (A) the annex entitled "Emergency Reserves" (B) any amendment to such Agreement which includes another nation as a party to such Agreement, and (C) any technical or clerical amendment to such Agreement. See 42 USC 6202
  • Internet: means the international computer network of both Federal and non-Federal interoperable data networks. See 15 USC 5503
  • Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
  • interstate agency: means an agency of two or more municipalities in different States, or an agency established by two or more States, with authority to provide for the management of solid wastes and serving two or more municipalities located in different States. See 42 USC 6903
  • Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
  • land-grant colleges and universities: means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. See 7 USC 3103
  • Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
  • Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Litvinov Assignment: means (A) the communication dated November 16, 1933, from Maxim Litvinov to President Franklin D. See 22 USC 1641
  • loan: means a loan made to a farmer, rancher, or producer or harvester of aquatic products, for any agricultural or aquatic purpose and other credit needs of the borrower, including financing for basic processing and marketing directly related to the borrower's operations and those of other eligible farmers, ranchers, and producers or harvesters of aquatic products. See 12 USC 2202a
  • local educational agency: has the meaning provided by section 7801 of title 20. See 42 USC 7382b
  • local government: means any city, county, town, parish, or other political subdivision of a State, and any Indian tribe. See 42 USC 6701
  • lubricating oil: means the fraction of crude oil which is sold for purposes of reducing friction in any industrial or mechanical device. See 42 USC 6903
  • major source: means any stationary source (or any group of stationary sources located within a contiguous area and under common control) that is either of the following:

    (A) A major source as defined in section 7412 of this title. See 42 USC 7661

  • Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
  • manifest: means the form used for identifying the quantity, composition, and the origin, routing, and destination of hazardous waste during its transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, treatment, or storage. See 42 USC 6903
  • medical device: means any device (as defined in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U. See 42 USC 7671
  • medical library: means a library related to the sciences related to health. See 42 USC 286b-1
  • medical waste: means any solid waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals. See 42 USC 6903
  • member agency: means an agency represented by a voting member of the Council. See 12 USC 5311
  • Memorandum of Understanding: means the Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and Italy regarding Italian assets in the United States and certain claims of nationals of the United States, signed at Washington, District of Columbia, August 14, 1947 (61 Stat. See 22 USC 1641
  • Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
  • mixed waste: means waste that contains both hazardous waste and source, special nuclear, or by-product material subject to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U. See 42 USC 6903
  • Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. Source: OCC
  • Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
  • municipality: means a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, or other public body created by or pursuant to State law. See 42 USC 7602
  • NAAQS: means national ambient air quality standard. See 42 USC 7602
  • narcotic: means opium and coca leaves and the several alkaloids derived therefrom, the best known of these alkaloids being morphia, heroin, and codeine, obtained from opium, and cocaine derived from the coca plant. See 42 USC 201
  • National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC
  • National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) Source: OCC
  • national of the United States: means &mdash. See 22 USC 1644a
  • naturally degradable material: means a material which, when discarded, will be reduced to environmentally benign subunits under the action of normal environmental forces, such as, among others, biological decomposition, photodegradation, or hydrolysis. See 42 USC 6914b
  • networking and information technology: means high-end computing, communications, and information technologies, high-capacity and high-speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems, high-end computing systems software and applications software, and the management of large data sets. See 15 USC 5503
  • new unit: means a unit that commences commercial operation on or after November 15, 1990. See 42 USC 7651a
  • nonbank financial company: means a U. See 12 USC 5311
  • nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors: means a nonbank financial company that the Council has determined under section 5323 of this title shall be supervised by the Board of Governors. See 12 USC 5311
  • nonutility unit: means a unit other than a utility unit. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • oath: includes affirmation, and "sworn" includes affirmed. See 1 USC 1
  • Office of Financial Research: means the office established under section 5342 of this title. See 12 USC 5311
  • open dump: means any facility or site where solid waste is disposed of which is not a sanitary landfill which meets the criteria promulgated under section 6944 of this title and which is not a facility for disposal of hazardous waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
  • Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
  • ozone-depletion potential: means a factor established by the Administrator to reflect the ozone-depletion potential of a substance, on a mass per kilogram basis, as compared to chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11). See 42 USC 7671
  • partner: includes a member in such a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or organization. See 26 USC 7701
  • partnership: includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust or estate or a corporation. See 26 USC 7701
  • perform: when used in relation to functions, includes the undertaking, fulfillment, or execution of any duty or obligation. See 42 USC 7101
  • performance: when used in relation to functions, shall be deemed to include the exercise of power, authority, rights, and privileges. See 42 USC 5874
  • permitting authority: means the Administrator, or the State or local air pollution control agency, with an approved permitting program under part B 3 of title III of the Act. See 42 USC 7651a
  • permitting authority: means the Administrator or the air pollution control agency authorized by the Administrator to carry out a permit program under this subchapter. See 42 USC 7661
  • person: means an individual, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation (including a government corporation), partnership, association, State, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a State, or any interstate body and shall include each department, agency, and instrumentality of the United States. See 42 USC 6903
  • person: includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, State, municipality, political subdivision of a State, and any agency, department, or instrumentality of the United States and any officer, agent, or employee thereof. See 42 USC 7602
  • Person: means a natural person, partnership, association, other unincorporated body, corporation, or body politic. See 22 USC 1631
  • Person: means a natural person, partnership, association, other unincorporated body, corporation, or body politic. See 22 USC 1641
  • petroleum: includes crude oil, gases (including natural gas), natural gasoline, and other related hydrocarbons, oil shale, and the products of any of such resources. See 42 USC 6501
  • petroleum product: means crude oil, residual fuel oil, or any refined petroleum product (including any natural liquid and any natural gas liquid product). See 42 USC 6202
  • Phase II bonus allowance allocations: means , for calendar year 2000 through 2009, inclusive, and only for such years, allocations made by the Administrator pursuant to section 7651b of this title, subsections (a)(2), (b)(2), (c)(4), (d)(3) (except as otherwise provided therein), and (h)(2) of section 7651d of this title, and section 7651e of this title. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • possession: includes , among other possessions, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. See 42 USC 201
  • President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
  • Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • procurement item: means any device, good, substance, material, product, or other item whether real or personal property which is the subject of any purchase, barter, or other exchange made to procure such item. See 42 USC 6903
  • procuring agency: means any Federal agency, or any State agency or agency of a political subdivision of a State which is using appropriated Federal funds for such procurement, or any person contracting with any such agency with respect to work performed under such contract. See 42 USC 6903
  • production: refer to the manufacture of a substance from any raw material or feedstock chemical, but such terms do not include&mdash. See 42 USC 7671
  • Program: means the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program described in section 5511 of this title. See 15 USC 5503
  • Property: means any property, right, or interest. See 22 USC 1631
  • Property: means any property, right, or interest. See 22 USC 1641
  • Property: means any property, right, or interest. See 22 USC 1642
  • property: means any property, right, or interest, including any leasehold interest, and debts owed by enterprises which have been nationalized, expropriated, or taken by the German Democratic Republic for which no restoration or no adequate compensation has been made to the former owners of such property. See 22 USC 1644a
  • property: means &mdash. See 22 USC 1645a
  • Public debt: Cumulative amounts borrowed by the Treasury Department or the Federal Financing Bank from the public or from another fund or account. The public debt does not include agency debt (amounts borrowed by other agencies of the Federal Government). The total public debt is subject to a statutory limit.
  • public works project: includes a project for the transportation and provision of water to a drought-stricken area. See 42 USC 6701
  • qualified lender: means &mdash. See 12 USC 2202a
  • qualified wages: means &mdash. See 26 USC 3134
  • qualifying phase I technology: means a technological system of continuous emission reduction which achieves a 90 percent reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide from the emissions that would have resulted from the use of fuels which were not subject to treatment prior to combustion. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Ranking minority member: The highest ranking (and usually longest serving) minority member of a committee or subcommittee.
  • re-refined oil: means used oil from which the physical and chemical contaminants acquired through previous use have been removed through a refining process. See 42 USC 6903
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • recoverable: refers to the capability and likelihood of being recovered from solid waste for a commercial or industrial use. See 42 USC 6903
  • recovered material: means waste material and byproducts which have been recovered or diverted from solid waste, but such term does not include those materials and byproducts generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing process. See 42 USC 6903
  • recovered resources: means material or energy recovered from solid waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • recovery startup business: means any employer&mdash. See 26 USC 3134
  • recycled oil: means any used oil which is reused, following its original use, for any purpose (including the purpose for which the oil was originally used). See 42 USC 6903
  • recycled wool: means (1) the resulting fiber when wool has been woven or felted into a wool product which, without ever having been utilized in any way by the ultimate consumer, subsequently has been made into a fibrous state, or (2) the resulting fiber when wool or reprocessed wool has been spun, woven, knitted, or felted into a wool product which, after having been used in any way by the ultimate consumer, subsequently has been made into a fibrous state. See 15 USC 68
  • regulated item: means any plastic ring carrier device that contains at least one hole greater than 1¾. See 42 USC 6914b
  • repowering: means replacement of an existing coal-fired boiler with one of the following clean coal technologies: atmospheric or pressurized fluidized bed combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle, magnetohydrodynamics, direct and indirect coal-fired turbines, integrated gasification fuel cells, or as determined by the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, a derivative of one or more of these technologies, and any other technology capable of controlling multiple combustion emissions simultaneously with improved boiler or generation efficiency and with significantly greater waste reduction relative to the performance of technology in widespread commercial use as of November 15, 1990. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
  • reserve: means any bank of allowances established by the Administrator under this subchapter. See 42 USC 7651a
  • resource conservation: means reduction of the amounts of solid waste that are generated, reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered resources. See 42 USC 6903
  • resource recovery: means the recovery of material or energy from solid waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • resource recovery system: means a solid waste management system which provides for collection, separation, recycling, and recovery of solid wastes, including disposal of nonrecoverable waste residues. See 42 USC 6903
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • restructuring: include rescheduling, reamortization, renewal, deferral of principal or interest, monetary concessions, and the taking of any other action to modify the terms of, or forbear on, a loan in any way that will make it probable that the operations of the borrower will become financially viable. See 12 USC 2202a
  • Russian national: includes any corporation or business association organized under the laws, decrees, ordinances, or acts of the former Empire of Russia or of any government successor thereto, and subsequently nationalized or dissolved or whose assets were taken over by the Soviet Government or which was merged with any other corporation or organization by the Soviet Government. See 22 USC 1641
  • sanitary landfill: means a facility for the disposal of solid waste which meets the criteria published under section 6944 of this title. See 42 USC 6903
  • schedule of compliance: means a schedule of remedial measures, including an enforceable sequence of actions or operations, leading to compliance with an applicable implementation plan, emission standard, emission limitation, or emission prohibition. See 42 USC 7661
  • sciences related to health: includes medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, and public health, and fundamental and applied sciences when related thereto. See 42 USC 286b-1
  • secondarily contained: means a release detection and prevention system that meets the requirements of 40 C. See 42 USC 6991b
  • secondary school: has the meaning provided by section 7801 of title 20. See 42 USC 7382b
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 42 USC 6202
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Commerce. See 13 USC 1
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate. See 26 USC 7701
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States. See 7 USC 3103
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. See 42 USC 201
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Economic Development Administration. See 42 USC 6701
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 42 USC 6802
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 42 USC 7382b
  • Service: means the Public Health Service. See 42 USC 201
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • severely financially distressed employer: means an eligible employer as defined in paragraph (2), determined by substituting "less than 10 percent" for "less than 80 percent" in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) thereof. See 26 USC 3134
  • sludge: means any solid, semisolid or liquid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility or any other such waste having similar characteristics and effects. See 42 USC 6903
  • solid waste: means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but does not include solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources subject to permits under section 1342 of title 33, or source, special nuclear, or byproduct material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (68 Stat. See 42 USC 6903
  • solid waste management: means the systematic administration of activities which provide for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • solid waste management facility: includes &mdash. See 42 USC 6903
  • Soviet Government: means the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, including any of its present or former constituent republics, other political subdivisions, and any territories thereof, as constituted on or prior to November 16, 1933. See 22 USC 1641
  • standard of performance: means a requirement of continuous emission reduction, including any requirement relating to the operation or maintenance of a source to assure continuous emission reduction. See 42 USC 7602
  • State: means any State of the United States or the District of Columbia. See 15 USC 5904
  • State: means a State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or any territory or possession of the United States. See 42 USC 6202
  • State: shall be construed to include the District of Columbia, where such construction is necessary to carry out provisions of this title. See 26 USC 7701
  • State: means &mdash. See 7 USC 3103
  • State: includes , in addition to the several States, only the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See 42 USC 201
  • State: means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. See 42 USC 6903
  • State: means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa and includes the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. See 42 USC 7602
  • State: includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See 42 USC 6701
  • State: means any State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States. See 42 USC 6802
  • State: means one of the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia. See 42 USC 7651a
  • State: means any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or the Virgin Islands. See 12 USC 2277a
  • State agency: means a State, political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of either. See 42 USC 6802
  • State agricultural experiment stations: means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. See 7 USC 3103
  • State authority: means the agency established or designated under section 6947 of this title. See 42 USC 6903
  • State utility regulatory commission: means (A) any utility regulatory commission which is a State agency or (B) the Tennessee Valley Authority. See 42 USC 6802
  • stationary source: means generally any source of an air pollutant except those emissions resulting directly from an internal combustion engine for transportation purposes or from a nonroad engine or nonroad vehicle as defined in section 7550 of this title. See 42 USC 7602
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • storage: when used in connection with hazardous waste, means the containment of hazardous waste, either on a temporary basis or for a period of years, in such a manner as not to constitute disposal of such hazardous waste. See 42 USC 6903
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
  • subsidiary: include only the United States activities and subsidiaries of such foreign company, except as otherwise provided. See 12 USC 5311
  • Surgeon General: means the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. See 42 USC 201
  • taxable year: means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during such calendar year, upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. See 26 USC 7701
  • taxpayer: means any person subject to any internal revenue tax. See 26 USC 7701
  • Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
  • Territory: includes the insular possessions of the United States and also any Territory of the United States. See 15 USC 68
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • trade or business: includes the performance of the functions of a public office. See 26 USC 7701
  • treatment: when used in connection with hazardous waste, means any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize such waste or so as to render such waste nonhazardous, safer for transport, amenable for recovery, amenable for storage, or reduced in volume. See 42 USC 6903
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on Source: OCC
  • underground storage tank: has the meaning given to it in section 6991 of this title, except that such term does not include tank combinations or more than a single underground pipe connected to a tank. See 42 USC 6991b
  • Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC
  • uniformed service: means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Public Health Service, or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. See 42 USC 201
  • unit: means a fossil fuel-fired combustion device. See 42 USC 7651a
  • United States: when used in the geographical sense means all of the States and the Outer Continental Shelf. See 42 USC 6202
  • United States: when used in a geographical sense includes only the States and the District of Columbia. See 26 USC 7701
  • university: include a research foundation maintained by a college or university described in subparagraph (A). See 7 USC 3103
  • used oil: means any oil which has been&mdash. See 42 USC 6903
  • User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
  • Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC
  • utility regulatory commission: means any State agency or Federal agency which has authority to fix, modify, approve, or disapprove rates for the sale of electric energy by any electric utility (other than by such agency). See 42 USC 6802
  • utility unit: means &mdash. See 42 USC 7651a
  • Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
  • vehicle: includes every description of carriage or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land. See 1 USC 4
  • Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • vessel: includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water, exclusive of aircraft and amphibious contrivances. See 42 USC 201
  • vessel: includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water. See 1 USC 3
  • Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
  • Vietnam: means &mdash. See 22 USC 1645a
  • violation: includes without limitation any action (alone or with another or others) for or toward causing, bringing about, participating in, counseling, or aiding or abetting a violation. See 12 USC 2271
  • VOC: means volatile organic compound, as defined by the Administrator. See 42 USC 7602
  • wages: means wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) and compensation (as defined in section 3231(e)). See 26 USC 3134
  • whoever: include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals. See 1 USC 1
  • wool: means the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the so-called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna) which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product. See 15 USC 68
  • wool product: means any product, or any portion of a product, which contains, purports to contain, or in any way is represented as containing wool or recycled wool. See 15 USC 68
  • Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
  • Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.