The purpose of this subchapter is to provide grants to State educational agencies and subgrants to local educational agencies to—

(1) increase student achievement consistent with the challenging State academic standards;

(2) improve the quality and effectiveness of teachers, principals, and other school leaders;

(3) increase the number of teachers, principals, and other school leaders who are effective in improving student academic achievement in schools; and

(4) provide low-income and minority students greater access to effective teachers, principals, and other school leaders.