Terms Used In U.S. Code > Title 16 > Chapter 12 - Federal Regulation and Development of Power

• abroad: means all areas not included within the United States. See 22 USC 3902
• Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• affiliate: means a business enterprise located in one country which is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by a person of another country to the extent of 10 per centum or more of its voting stock for an incorporated business or an equivalent interest for an unincorporated business, including a branch. See 22 USC 3102
• affiliate: shall include any corporation, business trust, association, or other similar organization&mdash. See 12 USC 221a
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• agency: means an agency as defined in section 552(e) ¹ of title 5. See 22 USC 3902
• agricultural enterprises: means those small business concerns engaged in the production of food and fiber, ranching, and raising of livestock, aquaculture, and all other farming and agricultural-related industries. See 15 USC 647
• Alaska natural gas: means natural gas derived from the area of the State of Alaska generally known as the North Slope of Alaska, including the Continental Shelf thereof. See 15 USC 719b
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• approved transportation system: means the system for the transportation of Alaska natural gas designated by the President pursuant to section 719e(a) or 719f(b) of this title and approved by joint resolution of the Congress pursuant to section 719f of this title. See 15 USC 719b
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Attorney General: means the Attorney General of the United States. See 26 USC 7701
• Authority: means the Federal Labor Relations Authority, described in section 7104(a) of title 5. See 22 USC 4102
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Institute. See 42 USC 10701
• Board: means the Foreign Service Labor Relations Board, established by section 4106(a) of this title. See 22 USC 4102
• business enterprise: means any organization, association, branch, or venture which exists for profitmaking purposes or to otherwise secure economic advantage, and any ownership of any real estate. See 22 USC 3102
• CFE Treaty: means the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (signed at Paris, November 19, 1990). See 22 USC 2799d
• Chairman: means the Chairman of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies. See 22 USC 262r
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• chief of mission: means the principal officer in charge of a diplomatic mission of the United States or of a United States office abroad which is designated by the Secretary of State as diplomatic in nature, including any individual assigned under section 3982(c) of this title to be temporarily in charge of such a mission or office. See 22 USC 3902
• collective bargaining: means the performance of the mutual obligation of the management representative of the Department and of the exclusive representative of employees to meet at reasonable times and to consult and bargain in a good-faith effort to reach agreement with respect to the conditions of employment affecting employees, and to execute, if requested by either party, a written document incorporating any collective bargaining agreement reached, but this obligation does not compel either party to agree to a proposal or to make a concession. See 22 USC 4102
• collective bargaining agreement: means an agreement entered into as a result of collective bargaining under the provisions of this subchapter. See 22 USC 4102
• Commission: means the Federal Power Commission. See 15 USC 719b
• Commission: means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. See 22 USC 3203
• Commission: means the Federal Trade Commission. See 15 USC 5724
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, as established under section 12311 of this title. See 42 USC 12302
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. See 26 USC 7701
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• conditions of employment: means personnel policies, practices, and matters, whether established by regulation or otherwise, affecting working conditions, but does not include policies, practices, and matters&mdash. See 22 USC 4102
• confidential employee: means an employee who acts in a confidential capacity with respect to an individual who formulates or effectuates management policies in the field of labor-management relations. See 22 USC 4102
• Congressional Record: The substantially verbatim account of daily proceedings in Congress. It is printed for each day Congress is in session. At the back of each daily issue is the "Daily Digest," which summarizes the day's floor and committee activities.
• continental United States: means the States of the United States and the District of Columbia. See 12 USC 221
• contraband oil: means petroleum which, or any constituent part of which, was produced, transported, or withdrawn from storage in excess of the amounts permitted to be produced, transported, or withdrawn from storage under the laws of a State or under any regulation or order prescribed thereunder by any board, commission, officer, or other duly authorized agency of such State, or any of the products of such petroleum, except petroleum or any of its constituent parts, title to which has been acquired by a State pursuant to its laws. See 15 USC 715a
• cooperative bank: means an institution without capital stock organized and operated for mutual purposes and without profit, which&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
• Corporation: includes any corporation, joint-stock company, partnership, association, business trust, organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, receiver or receivers, trustee or trustees of any of the foregoing, but shall not include municipalities as hereinafter defined. See 15 USC 717a
• corporation: includes associations, joint-stock companies, and insurance companies. See 26 USC 7701
• Council: means the Federal Council on Children, Youth, and Families, as established under section 12314(a) of this title. See 42 USC 12302
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• country of the Eastern Group of States Parties: means a country that is listed in paragraph 1(A) of article II of the CFE Treaty within the group of States Parties that signed the Treaty of Warsaw of 1955 or a successor state to such a country. See 22 USC 2799d
• Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. ^{Source: OCC}
• customer: means any person who acquires or attempts to acquire goods or services in a telephone-billed purchase. See 15 USC 5724
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Department: means the Department of Energy. See 42 USC 12401
• Department: means the Department of State, except that with reference to the exercise of functions under this chapter with respect to another agency authorized by law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, such term means that other agency. See 22 USC 3902
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• direct investment: means the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one person of 10 per centum or more of the voting securities of an incorporated business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated business enterprise. See 22 USC 3102
• Director: means the Executive Director of the Institute. See 42 USC 10701
• disability: means , with respect to an individual&mdash. See 42 USC 12102
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• domestic building and loan association: means a domestic building and loan association, a domestic savings and loan association, and a Federal savings and loan association&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
• domestic violence: means &mdash. See 42 USC 10701
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• drinking water cooler: means any mechanical device affixed to drinking water supply plumbing which actively cools water for human consumption. See 42 USC 300j-21
• dues: means dues, fees, and assessments. See 22 USC 4102
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• employee: means &mdash. See 22 USC 4102
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• exclusive representative: means any labor organization which is certified as the exclusive representative of employees under section 4111 of this title. See 22 USC 4102
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• fiduciary: means a guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, conservator, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any person. See 26 USC 7701
• fiscal year: means an accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December. See 26 USC 7701
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• foreign: when used in a geographic sense, means that which is situated outside the United States or which belongs to or is characteristic of a country other than the United States. See 22 USC 3102
• foreign: when applied to a corporation or partnership means a corporation or partnership which is not domestic. See 26 USC 7701
• foreign person: means any person resident outside the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of a country other than the United States. See 22 USC 3102
• Foreign Service: means the Foreign Service of the United States. See 22 USC 3902
• foreign trust: means any trust other than a trust described in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (30). See 26 USC 7701
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• function: includes any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, discretion, or activity. See 22 USC 3902
• General Counsel: means the General Counsel of the Authority. See 22 USC 4102
• Government: means the Government of the United States. See 22 USC 3902
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Gross estate: The total fair market value of all property and property interests, real and personal, tangible and intangible, of which a decedent had beneficial ownership at the time of death before subtractions for deductions, debts, administrative expenses, and casualty losses suffered during estate administration.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• IAEA: means International Atomic Energy Agency. See 22 USC 3203
• including: when used in a definition contained in this title shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined. See 26 USC 7701
• Indian tribal government: means the governing body of any tribe, band, community, village, or group of Indians, or (if applicable) Alaska Natives, which is determined by the Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, to exercise governmental functions. See 26 USC 7701
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Institute: means the State Justice Institute. See 42 USC 10701
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• international financial institutions: means the International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, African Development Bank, African Development Fund, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank ² Bank for Economic Cooperation and Development in the Middle East and North Africa,,³ and Inter-American Investment Corporation. See 22 USC 262r
• international investment: means (A) the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by contractual commitment or otherwise, by foreign persons of any interest in property in the United States, or of stock, other securities, or short- and long-term debt obligations of a United States person, and (B) the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by contractual commitment or otherwise, by United States persons of any interest in property outside the United States, or of stock, other securities, or short-and long-term debt obligations of a foreign person. See 22 USC 3102
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• interstate commerce: means commerce between any point in a State and any point outside thereof, or between points within the same State but through any place outside thereof, or from any place in the United States to a foreign country, but only insofar as such commerce takes place within the United States. See 15 USC 715a
• Interstate commerce: means commerce between any point in a State and any point outside thereof, or between points within the same State but through any place outside thereof, but only insofar as such commerce takes place within the United States. See 15 USC 717a
• invention: means an invention or discovery that is patented or for which a patent may be obtained under title 35, or any novel variety of plant that is protected or for which plant variety protection may be obtained under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 U. See 42 USC 12002
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• joint return: means a single return made jointly under section 6013 by a husband and wife. See 26 USC 7701
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• labor organization: means an organization composed in whole or in part of employees, in which employees participate and pay dues, and which has as a purpose dealing with the Department concerning grievances (as defined in section 4131 of this title) and conditions of employment, but does not include&mdash. See 22 USC 4102
• lead free: means , with respect to a drinking water cooler, that each part or component of the cooler which may come in contact with drinking water contains not more than 8 percent lead, except that no drinking water cooler which contains any solder, flux, or storage tank interior surface which may come in contact with drinking water shall be considered lead free if the solder, flux, or storage tank interior surface contains more than 0. See 42 USC 300j-21
• lead-lined tank: means a water reservoir container in a drinking water cooler which container is constructed of lead or which has an interior surface which is not lead free. See 42 USC 300j-21
• levy: includes the power of distraint and seizure by any means. See 26 USC 7701
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• LNG terminal: includes all natural gas facilities located onshore or in State waters that are used to receive, unload, load, store, transport, gasify, liquefy, or process natural gas that is imported to the United States from a foreign country, exported to a foreign country from the United States, or transported in interstate commerce by waterborne vessel, but does not include&mdash. See 15 USC 717a
• local educational agency: means &mdash. See 42 USC 300j-21
• low-vision devices: means devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image. See 42 USC 12102
• Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
• management official: means an individual who&mdash. See 22 USC 4102
• merit principles: means the principles set out in section 2301(b) of title 5. See 22 USC 3902
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Multinational Force and Observers: means the Multinational Force and Observers established in accordance with the Protocol between Egypt and Israel signed on August 3, 1981, relating to the implementation of the security arrangements of the Treaty of Peace. See 22 USC 3427
• Municipality: means a city, county, or other political subdivision or agency of a State. See 15 USC 717a
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• NATO: means the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See 22 USC 2799d
• Natural gas: means either natural gas unmixed, or any mixture of natural and artificial gas. See 15 USC 717a
• Natural-gas company: means a person engaged in the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce, or the sale in interstate commerce of such gas for resale. See 15 USC 717a
• nuclear explosive device: has the meaning given that term in section 6305(4) of this title. See 22 USC 2799aa-2
• nuclear materials and equipment: means source material, special nuclear material, production facilities, utilization facilities, and components, items or substances determined to have significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to subsection 109b ¹ of the 1954 Act [42 U. See 22 USC 3203
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• oath: includes affirmation, and "sworn" includes affirmed. See 1 USC 1
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses: means lenses that are intended to fully correct visual acuity or eliminate refractive error. See 42 USC 12102
• Outlays: Outlays are payments made (generally through the issuance of checks or disbursement of cash) to liquidate obligations. Outlays during a fiscal year may be for payment of obligations incurred in prior years or in the same year.
• paid or accrued: shall be construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. See 26 USC 7701
• Panel: means the Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel, established by section 4110(a) of this title. See 22 USC 4102
• parent: means a person of one country who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls 10 per centum or more of the voting stock of an incorporated business enterprise, or an equivalent ownership interest in an unincorporated business enterprise, which is located outside that country. See 22 USC 3102
• partner: includes a member in such a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or organization. See 26 USC 7701
• partnership: includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust or estate or a corporation. See 26 USC 7701
• person: includes an individual, partnership, corporation, or joint-stock company,
  . See 15 USC 715a
• Person: includes an individual or a corporation. See 15 USC 717a
• person: means any individual, branch, partnership, associated group, association, estate, trust, corporation, or other organization (whether or not organized under the laws of any State), and any government (including a foreign government, the United States Government, a State or local government, and any agency, corporation, financial institution, or other entity or instrumentality thereof, including a government-sponsored agency). See 22 USC 3102
• person: means an individual, a labor organization, or an agency to which this subchapter applies. See 22 USC 4102
• person: as used in this chapter includes an officer or employee of a corporation, or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee, or member is under a duty to perform the act in respect of which the violation occurs. See 26 USC 7343
• person: as used in this subchapter , includes an officer or employee of a corporation, or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee, or member is under a duty to perform the act in respect of which the violation occurs. See 26 USC 6671
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• petroleum products: includes any article produced or derived in whole or in part from petroleum or any product thereof by refining, processing, manufacturing, or otherwise. See 15 USC 715a
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• portfolio investment: means any international investment which is not direct investment. See 22 USC 3102
• possession: includes , among other possessions, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. See 42 USC 201
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• principal officer: means the officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular mission (other than a consular agency), or other Foreign Service post. See 22 USC 3902
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• providing carrier: means a local exchange or interexchange common carrier providing telephone services (other than local exchange services) to a vendor for a telephone-billed purchase that is the subject of a billing error complaint. See 15 USC 5724
• provision of law: means any provision of a Federal statute or rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder. See 15 USC 719b
• public utility: when used in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter means any person who owns or operates facilities subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under this subchapter (other than facilities subject to such jurisdiction solely by reason of section 824e(e), 824e(f),¹ 824i, 824j, 824j-1, 824k, 824o, 824o-1, 824p, 824q, 824r, 824s, 824t, 824u, or 824v of this title). See 16 USC 824
• Ranking minority member: The highest ranking (and usually longest serving) minority member of a committee or subcommittee.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• recipient: means any grantee, contractor, or recipient of financial assistance under this chapter. See 42 USC 10701
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• repair: means , with respect to a drinking water cooler, to take such corrective action as is necessary to ensure that water cooler is lead free. See 42 USC 300j-21
• replacement: when used with respect to a drinking water cooler or drinking water fountain, means the permanent removal of the water cooler or drinking water fountain and the installation of a lead free water cooler or drinking water fountain. See 42 USC 300j-21
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• sale of electric energy at wholesale: when used in this subchapter, means a sale of electric energy to any person for resale. See 16 USC 824
• school: means any elementary school or secondary school as defined in section 7801 of title 20 and any kindergarten or day care facility. See 42 USC 300j-21
• Secretary: means the Secretary of the Interior. See 15 USC 719b
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 42 USC 12002
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. See 42 USC 12302
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 42 USC 12401
• Secretary: means the Secretary of State, except that (subject to section 3921 of this title) with reference to the exercise of functions under this Act with respect to any agency authorized by law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, such term means the head of that agency. See 22 USC 3902
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. See 42 USC 201
• Secretary of the Treasury: means the Secretary of the Treasury, personally, and shall not include any delegate of his. See 26 USC 7701
• Service: means the Public Health Service. See 42 USC 201
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• shareholder: includes a member in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company. See 26 USC 7701
• State: means a State admitted to the Union, the District of Columbia, and any organized Territory of the United States. See 15 USC 717a
• State: includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia) at a college or university which was established in accordance with the Act approved July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. See 42 USC 10303
• State: means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States. See 42 USC 10701
• State: includes the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See 42 USC 12302
• State: shall be construed to include the District of Columbia, where such construction is necessary to carry out provisions of this title. See 26 USC 7701
• State: includes , in addition to the several States, only the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See 42 USC 201
• State commission: means the regulatory body of the State or municipality having jurisdiction to regulate rates and charges for the sale of natural gas to consumers within the State or municipality. See 15 USC 717a
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• student: means any individual&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• subscription: includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as such. See 1 USC 1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supreme Court: means the highest appellate court within a State unless, for the purposes of this chapter, a constitutionally or legislatively established judicial council acts in place of that court. See 42 USC 10701
• Tax Court: means the United States Tax Court. See 26 USC 7701
• telephone-billed purchase: means any purchase that is completed solely as a consequence of the completion of the call or a subsequent dialing, touch tone entry, or comparable action of the caller. See 15 USC 5724
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• TIN: means the identifying number assigned to a person under section 6109. See 26 USC 7701
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• trade or business: includes the performance of the functions of a public office. See 26 USC 7701
• transaction: includes a series of transactions. See 26 USC 7701
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Treaty: means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. See 22 USC 3203
• Treaty of Peace: means the Treaty of Peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel signed on March 26, 1979, including the Annexes thereto. See 22 USC 3427
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• United States: includes the several States, the Territories and possessions of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the District of Columbia. See 15 USC 633
• United States: when used in a geographic sense, means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and all territories and possessions of the United States. See 22 USC 3102
• United States: means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. See 42 USC 12002
• United States: when used in a geographical sense includes only the States and the District of Columbia. See 26 USC 7701
• United States: when used in a geographic sense, means the several States and the District of Columbia. See 22 USC 3902
• United States person: means any person resident in the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See 22 USC 3102
• United States person: means &mdash. See 26 USC 7701
• Vehicular natural gas: means natural gas that is ultimately used as a fuel in a self-propelled vehicle. See 15 USC 717a
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• vessel: includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water. See 1 USC 3
• whoever: include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals. See 1 USC 1