In this chapter,

(1) “affiliate of a declarant”

contract signature

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Terms Used In Alaska Statutes 34.08.990

  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • person: includes a corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, organization, business trust, or society, as well as a natural person. See Alaska Statutes 01.10.060
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • state: means the State of Alaska unless applied to the different parts of the United States and in the latter case it includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Alaska Statutes 01.10.060
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
(A) means a person who controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with a declarant;
(B) as used in this paragraph, a person “controls” a declarant if the person

(i) is a general partner, officer, director, or employer of the declarant;
(ii) directly or indirectly or acting in concert with one or more other persons, or through one or more subsidiaries, owns, controls, holds with power to vote, or holds proxies representing more than 20 percent of the voting interest in the declarant;
(iii) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the declarant; or
(iv) has contributed more than 20 percent of the capital of the declarant;
(C) as used in this paragraph, a person “is controlled by” a declarant if the declarant

(i) is a general partner, officer, director, or employer of the person;
(ii) directly or indirectly or acting in concert with one or more other persons, or through one or more subsidiaries, owns, controls, holds with power to vote, or holds proxies representing, more than 20 percent of the voting interest in the person;
(iii) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the person; or
(iv) has contributed more than 20 percent of the capital of the person;
(D) as used in this paragraph, “control” does not exist if the powers described in this paragraph are held solely as security for an obligation and are not exercised;
(2) “allocated interests” means the following interests allocated to each unit:

(A) in a condominium, the undivided interest in the common elements, the common expense liability, and votes in the association;
(B) in a cooperative, the common expense liability and the ownership interest and votes in the association; and
(C) in a planned community, the common expense liability and votes in the association;
(3) “association” or “unit owners’ association” means the unit owners’ association organized under Alaska Stat. § 34.08.310;
(4) “common elements” means

(A) in a condominium or cooperative, each portion of the common interest community other than a unit; and
(B) in a planned community, the real estate within a planned community owned or leased by the association, other than a unit;
(5) “common expense liability” means the liability for common expenses allocated to each unit under Alaska Stat. § 34.08.150;
(6) “common expenses” means expenditures made by, or financial liabilities of, the association, together with any allocations to reserves;
(7) “common interest community” means real estate with respect to which a person, by virtue of ownership of a unit, is obligated to pay for real estate taxes, insurance premiums, maintenance, or improvement of other real estate described in a declaration;
(8) “condominium” means a common interest community in which

(A) portions of the real estate are designated for separate ownership;
(B) the remainder of the real estate is designated for common ownership solely by the owners of those portions; and
(C) the undivided interests in the common elements are vested in the unit owners;
(9) “conversion property” means real estate that before creation of the common interest community, was occupied wholly or partially by persons other than purchasers and persons who occupy with the consent of purchasers;
(10) “cooperative” means a common interest community in which the real estate is owned by an association, each of whose members is entitled by virtue of an ownership interest in the association to exclusive possession of a unit;
(11) “dealer” means a person who owns either six or more units in a common interest community or 50 percent or more of the units in a common interest community;
(12) “declarant” means a person or a group of persons acting in concert who

(A) as part of a common promotional plan, offers to dispose of its interest in a unit not previously disposed of; or
(B) reserves or succeeds to a special declarant right;
(13) “declaration”

(A) means an instrument, however described, that creates a common interest community; and
(B) includes amendments to a declaration;
(14) “development right” means a right or a combination of rights reserved by a declarant in the declaration to

(A) add real estate to a common interest community;
(B) create units, common elements, or limited common elements within a common interest community;
(C) subdivide units or convert units into common elements; or
(D) withdraw real estate from a common interest community;
(15) “dispose” or “disposition”

(A) means a voluntary transfer to a purchaser of any legal or equitable interest in a unit;
(B) does not include the transfer or release of a security interest;
(16) “executive board” means the body designated in the declaration to act on behalf of the association;
(17) “identifying number” means a symbol or address that identifies only one unit in a common interest community;
(18) “leasehold common interest community” means a common interest community in which all or a portion of the real estate is subject to a lease that, on its expiration or termination, will terminate the common interest community or reduce its size;
(19) “limited common element” means the portion of the common elements allocated for the exclusive use of one or more but fewer than all of the units by the declaration or by operation of Alaska Stat. § 34.08.100(2) or (4);
(20) “master association” means an organization described in Alaska Stat. § 34.08.280 whether or not it is also an association described in Alaska Stat. § 34.08.310;
(21) “offering”

(A) means an advertisement, inducement, solicitation, or attempt to encourage a person to acquire an interest in a unit, other than as security for an obligation;
(B) does not include an advertisement in a newspaper or other periodical of general circulation, or in any other broadcast medium to the general public describing a common interest community not located in the state if the advertisement states that an offering may be made only in compliance with the law of the jurisdiction in which the common interest community is located;
(22) “ownership of a unit” does not include a leasehold interest, including renewal options, of less than 40 years in a unit;
(23) “person” means

(A) an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, government subdivision or agency, or other legal or commercial entity;
(B) in the case of a land trust, the beneficiary of the land trust and not the land trust or its trustee;
(24) “planned community” means a common interest community that is not a condominium or a cooperative although a condominium or cooperative may be part of a planned community;
(25) “proprietary lease” means the agreement with the association under which a member is entitled to exclusive possession of a unit in a cooperative;
(26) “purchaser” means a person, other than a declarant or a dealer, who by means of a voluntary transfer acquires a legal or equitable interest in a unit other than

(A) a leasehold interest, including renewal options, of less than 40 years; or
(B) as security for an obligation;
(27) “real estate”

(A) means a leasehold or other estate or interest in, over, or under land, including structures, fixtures, and other improvements and interests that by custom, usage, or law pass with a conveyance of land though not described in the contract of sale or instrument of conveyance;
(B) includes parcels with or without upper or lower boundaries, and spaces that may be filled with air or water;
(28) “residential purposes” means use for dwelling or recreational purposes, or both;
(29) “security interest”

(A) means an interest in real estate or personal property, created by contract or conveyance, that secures payment or performance of an obligation;
(B) includes a lien created by a mortgage, deed of trust, trust deed, security deed, contract for deed, land sales contract, lease intended as security, assignment of lease or rents intended as security, pledge of an ownership interest in an association, and any other consensual lien or title retention contract intended as security for an obligation;
(30) “special declarant rights” means the right reserved for the benefit of a declarant to

(A) complete improvements indicated on plats and plans filed and recorded with the declaration or, in a cooperative, to complete improvements described in the public offering statement under Alaska Stat. § 34.08.530(a)(2);
(B) exercise a development right;
(C) maintain sales offices, management offices, signs advertising the common interest community, and models;
(D) use easements through the common elements for the purpose of making improvements within the common interest community or within real estate that may be added to the common interest community;
(E) make the common interest community subject to a master association;
(F) merge or consolidate a common interest community with another common interest community of the same form of ownership; or
(G) appoint or remove an officer of the association or a master association or an executive board member during a period of declarant control;
(31) “time share” means a right to occupy a unit or any of several units during five or more separated time periods over a period of at least five years, including renewal options, whether or not coupled with an estate or interest in a common interest community or a specified portion of a common interest community;
(32) “unit” means a physical portion of the common interest community designated for separate ownership or occupancy, the boundaries of which are described under Alaska Stat. § 34.08.130(a)(5);
(33) “unit owner”

(A) means

(i) a declarant;
(ii) a person who owns a unit;
(iii) a person who leases a unit in a leasehold common interest community whose lease expires simultaneously with any lease that on its expiration or termination will remove the unit from the common interest community;
(B) does not include a person having an interest in a unit solely as security for an obligation;
(C) includes

(i) in a condominium or planned community, the declarant as the owner of any unit created by the declaration;
(ii) in a cooperative, the declarant as the owner of any unit to which allocated interests have been allocated until that unit has been conveyed to another person.
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