A. The department shall develop a simple, fair, efficient and cost-effective arbitration procedure for surprise out-of-network bill disputes and specify time frames, standards and other details of the arbitration proceeding, including procedures for scheduling and notifying the parties of the settlement teleconference required by subsection E of this section. The department shall contract with one or more entities to provide arbitrators who are qualified under section 20-3116 for this process. Department staff may not serve as arbitrators.

Ask an insurance law question, get an answer ASAP!
Click here to chat with a lawyer about your rights.

B. An enrollee may request arbitration of a surprise out-of-network bill by submitting a request for arbitration to the department on a form prescribed by the department, which shall include contact, billing and payment information regarding the surprise out-of-network bill and any other information the department believes is necessary to confirm that the bill qualifies for arbitration. The form shall be made available on the department’s website.

C. Within fifteen days after receipt of a request for arbitration, the department shall do one of the following:

1. Determine that the surprise out-of-network bill qualifies for arbitration under this article and notify the enrollee, health insurer and health care provider that the request qualifies.

2. Determine that the surprise out-of-network bill does not qualify for arbitration under this article and notify the enrollee that the surprise out-of-network bill does not qualify and state the reason for the determination.

3. If the department cannot determine whether the surprise out-of-network bill qualifies for arbitration, request in writing any additional information from the enrollee, health insurer or health care provider or its billing company that is needed to determine whether the surprise out-of-network bill qualifies for arbitration and all of the following apply:

(a) The enrollee, health insurer or health care provider or its billing company shall respond to the department’s request for additional information within fifteen days after the date of the department’s request.

(b) Within seven days after receipt of the additional requested information, the department shall determine whether the surprise out-of-network bill qualifies for arbitration and send the notices required under this subsection.

(c) If the health insurer or health care provider or its billing company fails to respond within the time frame specified in subdivision (a) of this paragraph to a department request for information, the department shall deem the request for arbitration as eligible for arbitration. If the enrollee fails to respond within the time frame specified in subdivision (a) of this paragraph, the request for arbitration is denied.

D. The determination by the department of whether a surprise out-of-network bill qualifies for arbitration is a final and binding decision with no right of appeal to the department. The department’s determination is solely an administrative remedy and does not bar any private right or cause of action for or on behalf of any enrollee, provider or other person. The court shall decide the matter, including any interpretation of statute or rule, without deference to any previous determination that may have been made on the question by the department.

E. In an effort to settle the surprise out-of-network bill before arbitration, the department shall arrange an informal settlement teleconference within thirty days after the department sends the notices required by this section. The department is not a party to and may not participate in the informal settlement teleconference. As part of the settlement teleconference the health insurer shall provide to the parties the enrollee’s cost sharing requirements under the enrollee’s health plan based on the adjudicated claim. The insurer shall notify the department whether the informal settlement teleconference resulted in settlement of the disputed surprise out-of-network bill and, if settlement was reached, notify the department of the terms of the settlement within seven days.

F. If after proper notice from the department or contracted entity either the health insurer or health care provider or the provider’s representative fails to participate in the teleconference, the other party may notify the department to immediately initiate arbitration and the nonparticipating party shall be required to pay the total cost of the arbitration.

G. On receipt of notice that the dispute has not settled or that a party has failed to participate in the teleconference, the department shall appoint an arbitrator and shall notify the parties of the arbitration and the appointed arbitrator. The department’s notice shall specify whether one party is responsible for the total cost of the arbitration pursuant to subsection F of this section. The health insurer and health care provider must agree on the arbitrator and may mutually agree to use an arbitrator who is not on the department’s list. If either the health insurer or health care provider objects to the arbitrator, and the parties are unable to agree on a mutually acceptable alternative arbitrator, the department or contracted entity shall randomly assign three arbitrators. The health insurer and the health care provider shall each strike one arbitrator, and the last arbitrator shall conduct the arbitration unless there are two arbitrators remaining, in which case the department or contracted entity shall randomly assign the arbitrator.

H. Before the arbitration:

1. The enrollee shall pay or make arrangements in writing to pay the health care provider the total amount of the enrollee’s cost sharing requirements that is due for the health care services that are the subject of the surprise out-of-network bill as stated by the health insurer in the settlement teleconference.

2. The enrollee shall pay any amount that has been received by the enrollee from the enrollee’s health insurer as payment for the out-of-network health care services that were provided by the health care provider.

3. If a health insurer pays for out-of-network health care services directly to a health care provider, the health insurer that has not remitted its payment for the out-of-network health care services shall remit the amount due to the health care provider.

I. Arbitration of any surprise out-of-network bill shall be conducted telephonically unless otherwise agreed by all of the required participants.

J. Arbitration of the surprise out-of-network bill shall take place with or without the enrollee’s participation.

K. The arbitrator shall determine the amount the health care provider is entitled to receive as payment for the health care services. The arbitrator shall allow each party to provide information the arbitrator reasonably determines to be relevant in evaluating the surprise out-of-network bill, including the following information:

1. The average contracted amount that the health insurer pays for the health care services at issue in the county where the health care services were performed.

2. The average amount that the health care provider has contracted to accept for the health care services at issue in the county where the services were performed.

3. The amount that medicare and medicaid pay for the health care services at issue.

4. The health care provider’s direct pay rate for the health care services at issue, if any, under section 32-3216.

5. Any information that would be evaluated in determining whether a fee is reasonable under title 32 and not excessive for the health care services at issue, including the usual and customary charges for the health care services at issue performed by a health care provider in the same or similar specialty and provided in the same geographic area.

6. Any other reliable databases or sources of information on the amount paid for the health care services at issue in the county where the services were performed.

L. Except on the agreement of the parties participating in the arbitration, the arbitration shall be conducted within one hundred twenty days after the department’s notice of arbitration.

M. Except on the agreement of the parties participating in the arbitration, the arbitration may not last more than four hours.

N. The arbitrator shall issue a final written decision within ten business days following the arbitration hearing. The arbitrator shall provide a copy of the decision to the enrollee, the health insurer and the health care provider or its billing company or authorized representative.

O. All pricing information provided by health insurers and health care providers in connection with the arbitration of a surprise out-of-network bill is confidential and may not be disclosed by the arbitrator or any other party participating in the arbitration or used by anyone, other than the providing party, for any purpose other than to resolve the surprise out-of-network bill.

P. All information received by the department or contracted entity in connection with an arbitration is confidential and may not be disclosed by the department or contracted entity to any person other than the arbitrator.

Q. A claim that is the subject of an arbitration request is not subject to article 1 of this chapter during the pendency of the arbitration. A health insurer shall remit its portion of the payment resulting from the informal settlement teleconference or the amount awarded by the arbitrator within thirty days after resolution of the claim.

R. A claim that is reprocessed by an insurer as a result of a settlement, arbitration decision or other action under this article is not in violation of section 20-3102, subsection L.

S. Notwithstanding any informal settlement or the arbitrator’s decision under this article, the enrollee is responsible for only the amount of the enrollee’s cost sharing requirements and any amount received by the enrollee from the enrollee’s health insurer as payment for the out-of-network health care services that were provided by the health care provider, and the health care provider may not issue, either directly or through its billing company, any additional balance bill to the enrollee related to the health care service that was the subject of the informal settlement teleconference or arbitration.

T. Unless all the parties otherwise agree or unless required by subsection F of this section, the health insurer and the health care provider shall share the costs of the arbitration equally, and the enrollee is not responsible for any portion of the cost of the arbitration. The health insurer and health care provider shall make payment arrangements with the arbitrator for their respective share of the costs of the arbitration.