Arizona Laws 28-4458. Coercion prohibited
A. A manufacturer of new motor vehicles, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch, field representative, officer or agent or any representative of a manufacturer of new motor vehicles, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch, field representative, officer or agent shall not coerce or attempt to coerce a new motor vehicle dealer to do any of the following:
Terms Used In Arizona Laws 28-4458
- Dealer: means a person who is engaged in the business of buying, selling or exchanging motor vehicles, trailers or semitrailers and who has an established place of business and has paid fees pursuant to section 28-4302. See Arizona Laws 28-101
- Distributor: means a person who either:
(a) Sells or distributes new motor vehicles to new motor vehicle dealers in this state. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Distributor branch: means a branch office maintained or availed of by a distributor for either:
(a) The sale of new motor vehicles to new motor vehicle dealers in this state. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Factory branch: means a branch office maintained or availed of by a manufacturer for either:
(a) The sale of new motor vehicles to distributors or the sale of new motor vehicles to new motor vehicle dealers in this state. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Franchise: means a contract between two or more persons if all of the following conditions are included:
(a) A commercial relationship of definite duration or continuing indefinite duration is involved. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Franchisee: means a person who both:
(a) Receives new motor vehicles from the franchisor under a franchise. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Importer: means a person who transports or arranges for the transportation of a foreign manufactured new motor vehicle into the United States for sale in this state. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
- Line-make: means those motor vehicles that are offered for sale, lease or distribution under a common name, trademark, service mark or brand name of the manufacturer of those same motor vehicles. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Manufacturer: means any person who either:
(a) Manufactures or assembles new motor vehicles. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Motor vehicle: means an automobile, motor bus, motorcycle, truck or truck tractor or any other self-propelled vehicle, trailer or semitrailer. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Motor vehicle dealer: means a new motor vehicle dealer, a used motor vehicle dealer, a public consignment auction dealer, a broker or a wholesale motor vehicle auction dealer, excluding a person who comes into possession of a motor vehicle as an incident to the person's regular business and who sells, auctions or exchanges the motor vehicle. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- New motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle, other than a used motor vehicle, that is held either for:
(a) Sale by the franchisee who first acquired the vehicle from the manufacturer or distributor of the vehicle. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- New motor vehicle dealer: means a person who buys, sells, exchanges or offers or attempts to negotiate a sale or exchange of an interest in, or who is engaged in the business of selling, new motor vehicles or used motor vehicles taken in trade on new motor vehicles or used vehicles purchased for resale. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Owner: means :
(a) A person who holds the legal title of a vehicle. See Arizona Laws 28-101
- Person: includes a corporation, company, partnership, firm, association or society, as well as a natural person. See Arizona Laws 1-215
- Property: includes both real and personal property. See Arizona Laws 1-215
- Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
- Service: means any service that is sold, leased or provided to retail consumers and that directly relates to the ownership or leasing of a new or used motor vehicle, including extended service contracts or motor vehicle warranty and nonwarranty repairs or maintenance, including both parts and labor. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- State: means a state of the United States and the District of Columbia. See Arizona Laws 28-101
- Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
- Used motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle that has been sold, bargained, exchanged or given away or the title to the motor vehicle has been transferred from the person who first acquired the vehicle from the manufacturer, or importer, dealer or agent of the manufacturer or importer, and that has been placed in bona fide consumer use. See Arizona Laws 28-4301
- Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215
1. Accept delivery of a new motor vehicle or vehicles, parts or accessories for the vehicle or vehicles or any other commodities that the dealer has not ordered.
2. Enter into an agreement with the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or representative of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor or distributor branch.
3. Do any other act unfair to the dealer by threatening to cancel or not renew a franchise existing between the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or representative of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor or distributor branch and the dealer.
4. Construct, renovate or make substantial alterations to the dealer’s facilities unless the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or representative of the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor or distributor branch is able to demonstrate that the changes are reasonable and justifiable in light of current and reasonably foreseeable economic conditions, the availability of additional vehicle allocation and the dealer’s market for the sale of vehicles or unless the alteration is reasonably required to effectively display and service a vehicle based on the technology of the vehicle.
5. Enter into a real property use or site control agreement as a condition of awarding a franchise, adding a line-make or dealer agreement to an existing new motor vehicle dealer, renewing a dealer agreement, approving the sale or transfer of the ownership of a dealership or approving the relocation of a dealership. This paragraph does not apply to a real property use or site control agreement if either of the following is offered to and accepted by the dealer without coercion or condition in exchange for a real property use or site control agreement:
(a) Fair and reasonable monetary consideration.
(b) Separate and valuable consideration that may be calculated to a sum certain.
6. In connection with the sale of a used motor vehicle, other than a used motor vehicle sold pursuant to a factory’s certified pre-owned program, require the use of only parts and accessories manufactured by the manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or importer. This paragraph does not apply to parts used to perform repairs pursuant to a recall or repairs performed pursuant to a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or importer’s warranty.
B. A manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or field representative or an officer, agent or representative of a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or field representative shall not require, coerce or attempt to coerce any new motor vehicle dealer in this state to refrain from participation in the management of, investment in or acquisition of any other line-make of new motor vehicle or related products unless justified by reasonable business considerations.
C. A manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch, field representative or officer shall not coerce or attempt to coerce a motor vehicle dealer and a manufacturer shall not do either of the following:
1. Release to any outside party any confidential financial information of the dealer that may be provided from time to time by the dealer.
2. Release to the general public average or composite prices, identified as such, based in whole or in part on such financial information.
D. Information described in subsection C, paragraphs 1 and 2 of this section shall not be released without the express written consent of the dealer, except that it may be released:
1. Pursuant to subpoena or as otherwise required by law in any administrative, judicial or arbitration proceeding or in any law enforcement investigation.
2. To a law enforcement agency, except that this exception does not apply to personal financial information.
E. A manufacturer, importer or distributor shall not adopt, change, establish or implement a plan or system for the allocation, scheduling or delivery of new motor vehicles, parts or accessories to its motor vehicle dealers that is not fair, reasonable and equitable or modify an existing plan or system for the allocation, scheduling or delivery of new motor vehicles, parts or accessories in a manner that causes the plan or system to be unreasonable, unfair or inequitable. On the request of a franchisee, a manufacturer, importer or distributor shall disclose in writing to the franchisee the basis on which new motor vehicles, parts and accessories are allocated, scheduled and delivered among the manufacturer’s, importer’s or distributor’s dealers of the same line-make.
F. A manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or field representative or an officer, agent or representative of a manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or field representative shall not require a dealer or condition the awarding of a franchise, the addition of a line-make, the renewal of a franchise, the approval of the relocation of a franchise or the approval of a sale or transfer of a franchise on the willingness of a dealer or a proposed dealer or owner of an interest in the dealership facility to construct, renovate or maintain exclusive facilities, personnel or showroom area dedicated to a particular line-make if the imposition of such a requirement would be unreasonable in light of the existing circumstances, including the manufacturer’s reasonable business considerations, present economic and market conditions and forecasts for future economic and market conditions in the dealer’s retail territory. The manufacturer, factory branch, distributor, distributor branch or field representative has the burden of proof to demonstrate that its demand for exclusivity is justified by reasonable business considerations and is reasonable in light of the dealer’s circumstances. This subsection does not apply to a voluntary agreement between a dealer and a manufacturer if separate and valuable consideration was offered and accepted. The renewal of a franchise agreement does not, by itself, constitute separate and valuable consideration. The manufacturer has the burden of proof to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the dealer entered into a voluntary agreement regarding exclusivity.
G. Any condition, stipulation or provision in a franchise or distributorship agreement purporting to bind any person acquiring or holding a franchise or distributorship to waive compliance with any provision of this chapter or any other law of this state is void except that a person who is acquiring or holding a franchise or distributorship is not prohibited under this section from electing in writing, at or after the time a dispute arises, from using any voluntary dispute resolution procedure, from entering into any voluntary agreement to settle legitimate disputes between the disputed parties or from entering into any agreement waiving any provision of this chapter or any other law of this state for which the franchisee receives separate and valid consideration at the time of the execution of the waiver.