Terms Used In Arizona Laws > Title 43 > Chapter 11 - Corporations

• Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Articles of incorporation: means the original or restated articles of incorporation or articles of merger and all amendments to the articles of incorporation or merger and includes amended and restated articles of incorporation and articles of amendment and merger. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Assessment: includes a proposed additional assessment. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Board: means the state board of tax appeals or, if applicable, a division of the state board. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Board of directors: means the group of persons vested with the management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name by which the group is designated and includes the governing body or bodies of a water users' association if the articles of incorporation of the water users' association provide for a governing body or bodies denominated other than as a board of directors. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Business income: means income arising from transactions and activity in the regular course of the taxpayer's trade or business and includes income from tangible and intangible property if the acquisition, management and disposition of the property constitute integral parts of the taxpayer's regular trade or business operations. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Bylaws: means the code of rules adopted for the regulation or management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name by which those rules are designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Commercial domicile: means the principal place from which the trade or business of the taxpayer is directed or managed. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Compensation: means wages, salaries, commissions and any other form of remuneration paid to employees for personal services. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Corporation: means a corporation, joint stock company, bank, insurance company, business trust or so-called "Massachusetts trust" investment company or building and loan association and any other association whether incorporated or unincorporated. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Delegates: means those persons elected or appointed to vote in a representative assembly for the election of a director or directors or on other matters. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Department: means the department of revenue, the director or the director's authorized delegate, as the context requires. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Domestic corporation: means a corporation created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United States or the District of Columbia. See Arizona Laws 43-1101
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal taxable income: means the taxable income of a corporation computed pursuant to the internal revenue code. See Arizona Laws 43-1101
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiscal year: means an accounting period of twelve months ending on the last day of any month other than December. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign corporation: means any of the following:

  (a) A corporation which is not a domestic corporation. See Arizona Laws 43-1101

• Foreign country: means any jurisdiction other than one embraced within the United States. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Income year: means "taxable year". See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Individual: means a natural person. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Member: means , without regard to what a person is called in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, any person or persons who, pursuant to a provision of a corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, have the right to vote for the election of a director or directors. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Membership: refers to the rights and obligations a member or members have pursuant to a corporation's articles of incorporation and bylaws and chapters 24 through 40 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Month: means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Net income: means Arizona taxable income. See Arizona Laws 43-1101
• Nonbusiness income: means all income other than business income. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Nonresident: means every individual other than a resident. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• paid or accrued: shall be construed according to the method of accounting on the basis of which the taxable income is computed under this title. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Partner: means a member of a partnership. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Partnership: includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation or venture is carried on and that is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust, estate or corporation. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: includes an individual and entity. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Person: includes individuals, fiduciaries, partnerships and corporations. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Personal property: includes money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Process: means a citation, writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). ^{Source: OCC}
• Sales: means all gross receipts of the taxpayer not allocated under this article. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Shareholder: means the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of a corporation or the beneficial owner of shares to the extent of the rights granted by a nominee certificate on file with a corporation. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• State: means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States and any foreign country or political subdivision thereof. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Tax: means the taxes imposed under this title. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Taxable year: means :

  (a) The calendar year or the fiscal year, ending during such calendar year, on the basis of which the taxable income is computed under this title. See Arizona Laws 43-104

• taxpayer: means a corporation. See Arizona Laws 43-1101
• Taxpayer: means any person subject to the tax imposed by this title. See Arizona Laws 43-1131
• Trade or business: includes the performance of the functions of a public office. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• trustees: means individuals, designated in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and individuals elected or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the board. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• United States: when used in a geographical sense, includes the states, the District of Columbia and the possessions of the United States. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Vote: includes authorization by written ballot and written consent. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Voting power: means the total number of votes entitled to be cast for the election of directors at the time the determination of voting power is made, excluding a vote that is contingent on the happening of a condition or event that has not occurred at the time. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• written: includes blockchain technology as defined in section 44-7061. See Arizona Laws 10-140