(a) As used in this section:

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(1) “Laboratory or firm” means an environmental laboratory registered by the Department of Public Health pursuant to section 19a-29a;

(2) “Private well” means a water supply well that meets all of the following criteria: (A) Is not a public well; (B) supplies a residential population of less than twenty-five persons per day; and (C) is owned or controlled through an easement or by the same entity that owns or controls the building or parcel that is served by the water supply well;

(3) “Public well” means a water supply well that supplies a public water system;

(4) “Semipublic well” means a water supply well that (A) does not meet the definition of a private well or public well, and (B) provides water for drinking and other domestic purposes; and

(5) “Water supply well” means an artificial excavation constructed by any method for the purpose of obtaining or providing water for drinking or other domestic, industrial, commercial, agricultural, recreational or irrigation use, or other outdoor water use.

(b) (1) The Commissioner of Public Health may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for the preservation of the public health pertaining to (A) protection and location of new water supply wells or springs for residential or nonresidential construction or for public or semipublic use, and (B) inspection for compliance with the provisions of municipal regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-354p.

(2) The Commissioner of Public Health shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for the testing of water quality in private wells and semipublic wells.

(3) The Commissioner of Public Health shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to clarify the criteria under which the commissioner may issue a well permit exception and to describe the terms and conditions that shall be imposed when a well is allowed at a premises that is connected to a public water supply system or whose boundary is located within two hundred feet of an approved community water supply system, measured along a street, alley or easement. Such regulations shall (A) provide for notification of the permit to the public water supplier, (B) address the (i) quality of the water supplied from the well, (ii) means and extent to which the well shall not be interconnected with the public water supply, (iii) need for a physical separation and the installation of a reduced pressure device for backflow prevention, and (iv) inspection and testing requirements of any such reduced pressure device, and (C) identify the extent and frequency of water quality testing required for the well supply.

(c) (1) Any laboratory or firm which conducts a water quality test on a private well serving a residential property or semipublic well shall, not later than thirty days after the completion of such test, report the results of such test to (A) the public health authority of the municipality where the property is located, and (B) the Department of Public Health in a format specified by the department. Results submitted to the Department of Public Health or the local health authority pursuant to this subsection, information obtained from any Department of Public Health or local health authority investigation regarding those results and any Department of Public Health or local health authority study of morbidity and mortality regarding the results shall be confidential pursuant to section 19a-25.

(2) On and after October 1, 2022, the owner of each newly constructed private well or semipublic well shall test the water quality of such well. Such test shall be performed by a laboratory and include, but need not be limited to, testing for coliform, nitrate, nitrite, sodium, chloride, iron, lead, manganese, hardness, turbidity, pH, sulfate, apparent color, odor, arsenic and uranium. The owner shall submit test results to the Department of Public Health in a form and manner prescribed by the Commissioner of Public Health.

(d) Prior to the sale, exchange, purchase, transfer or rental of real property on which a private or semipublic well is located, the owner shall provide the buyer or tenant notice that educational material concerning private well testing is available on the Department of Public Health web site. If the prospective buyer or tenant has hired a real estate licensee to facilitate the property transaction, such real estate licensee, or, if the prospective buyer or tenant has not hired a real estate licensee, the owner, landlord or closing attorney shall provide to the buyer or tenant an electronic or hard copy of educational material prepared by the Department of Public Health that recommends testing for the contaminants listed in subsection (c) of this section and any other recommendation concerning well testing that the Department of Public Health deems necessary. Failure to provide such notice or educational material shall not invalidate any sale, exchange, purchase, transfer or rental of real property. If the seller or landlord provides such notice or educational material in writing, the seller or landlord and any real estate licensee shall be deemed to have fully satisfied any duty to notify the buyer or tenant.

(e) No regulation may require that a certificate of occupancy for a dwelling unit on such residential property be withheld or revoked on the basis of a water quality test performed on a private well pursuant to this section, unless such test results indicate that any maximum contaminant level applicable to public water supply systems for any contaminant listed in the regulations of Connecticut state agencies has been exceeded. No administrative agency, health district or municipal health officer may withhold or cause to be withheld such a certificate of occupancy except as provided in this section.

(f) (1) The local director of health may require a private well or semipublic well to be tested for arsenic, radium, uranium, radon or gross alpha emitters, when there are reasonable grounds to suspect that such contaminants are present in the groundwater. For purposes of this subsection, “reasonable grounds” means (A) the existence of a geological area known to have naturally occurring arsenic, radium, uranium, radon or gross alpha emitter deposits in the bedrock; or (B) the well is located in an area in which it is known that arsenic, radium, uranium, radon or gross alpha emitters are present in the groundwater.

(2) The local director of health may require a private well or semipublic well to be tested for pesticides, herbicides or organic chemicals when there are reasonable grounds to suspect that any such contaminants might be present in the groundwater. For purposes of this subsection, “reasonable grounds” means (A) the presence of nitrate-nitrogen in the groundwater at a concentration greater than ten milligrams per liter, or (B) that the private well or semipublic well is located on land, or in proximity to land, associated with the past or present production, storage, use or disposal of organic chemicals as identified in any public record.

(g) Except as provided in subsection (h) of this section, the collection of samples for determining the water quality of private wells and semipublic wells may be made only by (1) employees of a laboratory or firm certified or approved by the Department of Public Health to test drinking water, if such employees have been trained in sample collection techniques, (2) certified water operators, (3) local health departments and state employees trained in sample collection techniques, or (4) individuals with training and experience that the Department of Public Health deems sufficient.

(h) Any owner of a residential construction, including, but not limited to, a homeowner, on which a private well is located or any general contractor of a new residential construction on which a private well is located may collect samples of well water for submission to a laboratory or firm for the purposes of testing water quality pursuant to this section, provided (1) such laboratory or firm has provided instructions to said owner or general contractor on how to collect such samples, and (2) such owner or general contractor is identified to the subsequent owner on a form to be prescribed by the Department of Public Health. No regulation may prohibit or impede such collection or analysis.

(i) Any water transported in bulk by any means to a premises currently supplied by a private well or semipublic well where the water is to be used for purposes of drinking or domestic use shall be provided by a bulk water hauler licensed pursuant to section 20-278h. No bulk water hauler shall deliver water without first notifying the owner of the premises of such delivery. Bulk water hauling to a premises currently supplied by a private well or semipublic well shall be permitted only as a temporary measure to alleviate a water supply shortage.