(a) The Department of Public Health shall have jurisdiction over all matters concerning the purity and adequacy of any water supply source (1) used by, or (2) on and after July 1, 2024, for which the right to use the water supply source for future or emergency use is held by, any municipality, public institution or water company for obtaining water, the safety of any distributing plant and system for public health purposes, the adequacy of methods used to assure water purity, and such other matters relating to the construction and operation of such distributing plant and system as may affect public health.

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(b) No water company shall sell, lease, assign or otherwise dispose of or change the use of any watershed lands, except as provided in section 25-43c, without a written permit from the Commissioner of Public Health. The commissioner shall not grant: (1) A permit for the sale of class I land, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, (2) a permit for the lease of class I land except as provided in subsection (p) of this section, or (3) a permit for a change in use of class I land unless the applicant demonstrates that such change will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and is consistent with any water supply plan filed and approved pursuant to section 25-32d. The commissioner may reclassify class I land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (a) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary. Not more than fifteen days before filing an application for a permit under this section, the applicant shall provide notice of such intent, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the chief executive officer and the chief elected official of each municipality in which the land is situated.

(c) The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II subject to any conditions or restrictions in use which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply, giving due consideration to: (1) The creation and control of point or nonpoint sources of contamination; (2) the disturbance of ground vegetation; (3) the creation and control of subsurface sewage disposal systems; (4) the degree of water treatment provided; (5) the control of watershed land by the applicant through ownership, easements or use restrictions or other water supply source protection measures; (6) the effect of development of any such land; and (7) any other significant potential source of contamination of the public drinking water supply. The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease or assignment of class II land to another water company, municipality or nonprofit land conservation organization provided, as a condition of approval, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development. The commissioner may reclassify class II land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (b) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary.

(d) The commissioner may grant a permit for (1) the sale of class I or II land to another water company, to a state agency or to a municipality, (2) the sale of class II land or the sale or assignment of a conservation restriction or a public access easement on class I or class II land to a private, nonprofit land-holding conservation organization, or (3) the sale of class I land to a private nonprofit land-holding conservation organization if the water company is denied a permit to abandon a source not in current use or needed by the water company pursuant to subsection (c) of section 25-33k, if the purchasing entity agrees to maintain the land subject to the provisions of this section, any regulations adopted pursuant to this section and the terms of any permit issued pursuant to this section. Such purchasing entity or assignee may not sell, lease or assign any such land or conservation restriction or public access easement or sell, lease, assign or change the use of such land without obtaining a permit pursuant to this section.

(e) The commissioner shall not grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II unless (1) use restrictions applicable to such land will prevent the land from being developed, (2) the applicant demonstrates that the proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees, (3) the commissioner determines, after giving effect to any use restrictions which may be required as a condition of granting the permit, that such proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse effect on the public drinking water supply, whether or not similar permits have been granted, and (4) on or after January 1, 2003, as a condition to the sale, lease or assignment of any class II lands, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water, except in cases where the class II land is deemed necessary to provide access or egress to a parcel of class III land, as defined in section 25-37c, that is approved for sale. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.

(f) Nothing in this section shall prevent the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for recreational purposes that do not require intense development or improvements for water supply purposes, for leases of existing structures, or for radio towers or telecommunications antennas on existing structures. For purposes of this subsection, intense development includes golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.

(g) As used in this section, (1) “water supply source” includes all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or underground waters from which water is or, on and after July 1, 2024, may be, taken, and all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or aquifer protection areas, as defined in section 22a-354h, thereto and all lands drained thereby; and (2) “watershed land” means land from which water drains into a public drinking water supply.

(h) The commissioner shall adopt and from time to time may amend the following: (1) Physical, chemical, radiological and microbiological standards for the quality of public drinking water; (2) minimum treatment methods, taking into account the costs of such methods, required for all sources of drinking water, including guidelines for the design and operation of treatment works and water sources, which guidelines shall serve as the basis for approval of local water supply plans by the commissioner; (3) minimum standards to assure the long-term purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply to all residents of this state; and (4) classifications of water treatment plants and water distribution systems which treat or supply water used or intended for use by the public. On or after October 1, 1975, any water company which requests approval of any drinking water source shall provide for such treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, provided any water company in operation prior to October 1, 1975, and having such source shall comply with regulations adopted by the commissioner, in accordance with chapter 54, in conformance with The Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523, and shall submit on or before February 1, 1976, a statement of intent to provide for treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, to the commissioner for approval. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, requiring water companies to report elevated levels of copper in public drinking water.

(i) The department may perform the collection and testing of water samples required by regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this section, in accordance with chapter 54, when requested to do so by a water company. The department shall collect a fee equal to the cost of such collection and testing. Water companies serving one thousand or more persons shall not request routine bacteriological or physical tests under this subsection.

(j) The condemnation by a state department, institution or agency of any land owned by a water company shall be subject to the provisions of this section.

(k) The commissioner may issue an order declaring a moratorium on the expansion or addition to any existing public water system that the commissioner deems incapable of providing new services with a pure and adequate water supply.

(l) The commissioner may issue, modify or revoke orders as needed to carry out the provisions of this part. Except as otherwise provided in this part, such order shall be issued, modified or revoked in accordance with procedures set forth in subsection (b) of section 25-34.

(m) The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to include local health departments in the notification process when a water utility reports a water quality problem.

(n) (1) On and after the effective date of regulations adopted under this subsection, no person may operate any water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system that treats or supplies water used or intended for use by the public, test any backflow prevention device, or perform a cross connection survey without a certificate issued by the commissioner under this subsection. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to provide: (A) Standards for the operation of such water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems; (B) standards and procedures for the issuance of certificates to operators of such water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems, including, but not limited to, standards and procedures for the department’s approval of third parties to administer certification examinations to such operators; (C) procedures for the renewal of such certificates every three years; (D) standards for training required for the issuance or renewal of a certificate; (E) standards and procedures for the department’s approval of course providers and courses of study as they relate to certified operators of water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems and certified persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys for initial and renewal applications; and (F) standards and procedures for the issuance and renewal of certificates to persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys. Such regulations shall be consistent with applicable federal law and guidelines for operator certification programs promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For purposes of this subsection, “small water system” means a public water system, as defined in section 25-33d, that serves less than one thousand persons and has no treatment or has only treatment that does not require any chemical treatment, process adjustment, backwashing or media regeneration by an operator.

(2) The commissioner may take any disciplinary action set forth in section 19a-17, except for the assessment of a civil penalty under subdivision (7) of subsection (a) of section 19a-17, against an operator, a person who tests backflow prevention devices or a person who performs cross connection surveys holding a certificate issued under this subsection for any of the following reasons: (A) Fraud or material deception in procuring a certificate, the renewal of a certificate or the reinstatement of a certificate; (B) fraud or material deception in the performance of the certified operator’s professional activities; (C) incompetent, negligent or illegal performance of the certified operator’s professional activities; (D) conviction of the certified operator for a felony; or (E) failure of the certified operator to complete the training required under subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(3) The commissioner may issue an initial certificate to perform a function set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection upon receipt of a completed application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with an application fee as follows: (A) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, two hundred twenty-four dollars, except there shall be no such application fee required for a student enrolled in an accredited high school small water system operator certification course; (B) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars; and (C) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars. A certificate issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire three years from the date of issuance unless renewed by the certificate holder prior to such expiration date. The commissioner may renew a certificate for an additional three years upon receipt of a completed renewal application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with a renewal application fee as follows: (i) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, ninety-eight dollars; (ii) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, sixty-nine dollars; and (iii) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, sixty-nine dollars.

(o) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, that incorporate by reference the provisions of the federal National Primary Drinking Water Regulations in 40 C.F.R. Parts 141 and 142, promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, provided such regulations (1) are consistent with other regulations adopted pursuant to this section, and (2) explicitly incorporate any future amendments to said federal regulations.

(p) The commissioner may grant a permit for the lease of class I land associated with a groundwater source for use for public drinking water purposes to another water company that serves one thousand or more persons or two hundred fifty or more customers and maintains an approved water supply plan pursuant to section 25-32d, provided a water company acquiring such interest in the property demonstrates that such lease will improve conditions for the existing public drinking water system and will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply. Any water company requesting a permit under this subsection may be required to convey an easement that provides for the protection of the public water supply source and shall submit such easement and any provisions of the lease that pertain to the protection of the public water supply to the commissioner for approval.

(q) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, the commissioner may grant a permit for the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for telecommunications antennas, telecommunications towers, ancillary equipment, related access drives or utilities, used in the provision of personal wireless services, as defined in 47 USC 332(c)(7), if the commissioner determines such lease or change in use will not have an adverse impact on the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees. The permit application shall include, but not be limited to, documentation on the extent of other alternative sites considered unsuitable by the provider of wireless services and a finding by the commissioner that such lease or change in use of water company land will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking supply. Any permit granted under this subsection shall be subject to any conditions or restrictions which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply.