Terms Used In Connecticut General Statutes > Chapter 15b - Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act

• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Air carrier: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, trustee, receiver or assignee which engages in the transportation by air of persons or property for hire and which makes landings or takeoffs or air pickups or deliveries in this state. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-243
• Aircraft arrivals and departures: means scheduled landings and takeoffs in this state of the aircraft of an air carrier, scheduled air pickups and deliveries in this state by the aircraft of an air carrier, and, in the case of nonscheduled operations, shall include all landings and takeoffs, pickups and deliveries. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-243
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• another: may extend and be applied to communities, companies, corporations, public or private, limited liability companies, societies and associations. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Authorized agent or officer: as used in this chapter , includes any trustee, mortgagee or receiver in possession of or operating any such railroad in the state, and "net railway operating income" means railway operating revenues less railway operating expenses, railway tax accruals and uncollectible railway revenue, including in the computation thereof debits and credits arising from equipment rents and joint facility rents. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-250
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• banks: shall include all incorporated banks. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Captive real estate investment trust: means , except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, a corporation, a trust or an association (i) that is considered a real estate investment trust for the taxable year under Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Carrying on or doing business: means and includes each and every act, power or privilege exercised or enjoyed in this state, as an incident to, or by virtue of, the powers and privileges acquired by the nature of any organization whether the form of existence is corporate, associate, joint stock company or fiduciary, and includes the direct or indirect engaging in, transacting or conducting of activity in this state by an electric supplier, as defined in section 16-1, or generation entity or affiliate, as defined in section 16-1, for the purpose of establishing or maintaining a market for the sale of electricity or of electric generation services, as defined in section 16-1, to end use customers located in this state through the use of the transmission or distribution facilities of an electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Combined group: means the group of all companies that have common ownership and are engaged in a unitary business, where at least one company is subject to tax under this chapter. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• commissioner: means the Commissioner of Revenue Services. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Revenue Services. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Revenue Services. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Common ownership: means that more than fifty per cent of the voting control of each member of a combined group is directly or indirectly owned by a common owner or owners, either corporate or noncorporate, whether or not the owner or owners are members of the combined group. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• company: means any person, partnership, association, company, limited liability company or corporation, except an incorporated municipality. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-1
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Designated taxable member: means , if the combined group has a common parent corporation and that common parent corporation is a taxable member, the common parent corporation and, in all other cases, the taxable member of the combined group that such group selects, in the manner prescribed by section 12-222, as its designated taxable member or, in the discretion of the commissioner or upon the failure of such group to select its designated taxable member in the manner prescribed by section 12-222, the taxable member of the combined group selected by the commissioner as the designated taxable member. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Direct subscriber charges: means all charges made by a health care center, as defined in section 38a-175, to subscribers, as defined in section 38a-175, by whomever paid. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Dissolved corporation: means any company which has terminated its corporate existence by resolution, expiration, decree or forfeiture. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Distributive share: means , with respect to a partner of a partnership, such partner's distributive share of ordinary income or loss as determined for federal income tax purposes in an income year. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Domestic insurance company: means any insurance company chartered by or organized or constituted within or under the laws of this state. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• farm: includes farm buildings, and accessory buildings thereto, nurseries, orchards, ranges, greenhouses, hoophouses and other temporary structures or other structures used primarily for the raising and, as an incident to ordinary farming operations, the sale of agricultural or horticultural commodities. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiduciary: means any receiver, liquidator, referee, trustee, assignee or other fiduciary or officer or agent appointed by any court or by any other authority, except the Banking Commissioner acting as receiver or liquidator under the authority of the provisions of sections 36a-210 and 36a-218 to 36a-239, inclusive. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fiscal year: means the income year ending on the last day of any month other than December or an annual period which varies from fifty-two to fifty-three weeks elected by the taxpayer in accordance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Flight equipment: means full equipment of aircraft for flight. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-243
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• General partner: means a partner of a general partnership, a general partner of a limited partnership that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and a partner of a limited liability partnership and includes a member of a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes if such company is managed by managers and such member is a member-manager of such company, or if such company is not managed by managers. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Gross direct premiums: means all receipts of premiums from policyholders and applicants for policies, whether received in the form of money or other valuable consideration, but excluding annuity premiums and considerations and premiums received for reinsurances assumed from other insurance companies. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Gross income: means gross income, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, and, in addition, means any interest or exempt interest dividends, as defined in Section 852(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code, received by the taxpayer or losses of other calendar or fiscal years, retroactive to include all calendar or fiscal years beginning after January 1, 1935, incurred by the taxpayer which are excluded from gross income for purposes of assessing the federal corporation net income tax, and in addition, notwithstanding any other provision of law, means interest or exempt interest dividends, as defined in said Section 852(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code, accrued on or after the application date, as defined in section 12-242ff, with respect to any obligation issued by or on behalf of the state, its agencies, authorities, commissions and other instrumentalities, or by or on behalf of its political subdivisions and their agencies, authorities, commissions and other instrumentalities. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Group income year: means , if two or more members in the combined group file in the same federal consolidated tax return, the same income year as that used on the federal consolidated tax return and, in all other cases, the income year of the designated taxable member. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Income year: means the calendar year upon the basis of which net income is computed under this part, unless a fiscal year other than the calendar year has been established for federal income tax purposes, in which case it means the fiscal year so established or a period of less than twelve months ending as of the date on which liability under this chapter ceases to accrue by reason of dissolution, forfeiture, withdrawal, merger or consolidation. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Insurance Commissioner: means the state Insurance Commissioner. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Insurance company: means any corporation, limited liability company, association, partnership or combination of persons doing any kind or form of insurance business other than a fraternal benefit society, including a receiver, trustee or other fiduciary of any insurance company when the context reasonably permits. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Internal Revenue Code: means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, effective and in force on the last day of the income year. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Internal Revenue Code: means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Investment partnership: means a limited partnership that meets the gross income requirement of Section 851(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code, except that income and gains from commodities that are not described in Section 1221(1) of the Internal Revenue Code or from futures, forwards and options with respect to such commodities shall be included in income which qualifies to meet such gross income requirement, provided such commodities are of a kind customarily dealt with in an organized commodity exchange and the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place, as required by Section 864(b)(2)(B)(iii) of the Internal Revenue Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• legislative body: means : (1) As applied to unconsolidated towns, the town meeting. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Limited partner: means a limited partner of a limited partnership that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and includes a member of a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and that is managed by managers, if such member is not a member-manager of such company. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Local domestic insurance company: means any domestic insurance company more than fifty per cent of the total gross direct premiums of which are received during the calendar year next preceding for insurance on property or risks located or resident in this state. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• Member-manager: means a member of a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, which member is, alone or together with others, vested with the management of the business, property and affairs of the limited liability company. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• month: means a calendar month, and the word "year" means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• Net direct premiums: means gross direct premiums less the following items: (A) Returned premiums, including cancellations, and (B) dividends paid to policyholders on direct business, not including any dividends paid on account of the ownership of stock. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Net direct subscriber charges: means direct subscriber charges less returned charges, including cancellations. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Net income: means net earnings received during the income year and available for contributors of capital, whether they are creditors or stockholders, computed by subtracting from gross income the deductions allowed by the terms of section 12-217, except that in the case of a domestic insurance company which is a life insurance company, "net income" means life insurance company taxable income (A) increased by any amount or amounts which have been deducted in the computation of gain or loss from operations in respect of (i) the life insurance company's share of tax-exempt interest, (ii) operations loss carry-backs and capital loss carry-backs, and (iii) operations loss carry-overs and capital loss carry-overs arising in any taxable year commencing prior to January 1, 1973, and (B) reduced by any amount or amounts which have been deducted as operations loss carry-backs or capital loss carry-backs in the computation of gain or loss from operations for any taxable year commencing on or after January 1, 1973, but only to the extent that such amount or amounts would, for federal tax purposes, have been deductible in the taxable year as operations loss carry-overs or capital loss carry-overs if they had not been deducted in a previous taxable year as carry-backs, and provided no expense related to income, the taxation of which by the state of Connecticut is prohibited by the law or . See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• net railway operating income: means railway operating revenues less railway operating expenses, railway tax accruals and uncollectible railway revenue, including in the computation thereof debits and credits arising from equipment rents and joint facility rents. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-250
• Nontaxable member: means a combined group member that is not a taxable member, but does not include a company that is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-214. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Ocean marine insurance: means all insurance written within this state upon hulls, freights or disbursements, or upon goods, wares, merchandise and all other personal property and interests therein, in course of exportation from or importation into any country or transportation coastwise, including transportation by land or water from point of origin to final destination, in respect to any and all risks or perils of navigation, transit or transportation, and while being prepared for and awaiting shipment, and during any delays, storage, transshipment or reshipment incident thereto, including war risks and marine builder's risks. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Ordinance: means an enactment under the provisions of section 7-157. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Organization: means an organization described in Section 511(a)(2)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code or a trust described in Section 511(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Paid: means "paid or accrued" or "paid or incurred" construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which net income is computed under this part. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Partner: means a partner, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, and includes a member of a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Partnership: means a partnership, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, and includes a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Pass-through entity: means a partnership or an S corporation. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Passive investment company: means any corporation which is a related person to a financial service company, as defined in section 12-218b, or to an insurance company, as defined in section 12-218b, and (A) employs not less than five full-time equivalent employees in the state. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• person: means any individual, partnership, company, limited liability company, public or private corporation, society, association, trustee, executor, administrator or other fiduciary or custodian. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-1
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Proportionate part: means , with respect to a partner of a partnership, the percentage that the partnership used to determine such partner's distributive share of the ordinary income or loss of the partnership in an income year. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Received: means "received" or "accrued" construed according to the method of accounting customarily employed by the taxpayers. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Received: means "received" or "accrued" construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which net income is computed under this part. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• S corporation: means any corporation which is an S corporation for federal income tax purposes and includes any subsidiary of such S corporation that is a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, as defined in Section 1361(b)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code, all of whose assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit are treated under the Internal Revenue Code, and shall be treated under this chapter, as assets, liabilities and such items, as the case may be, of such S corporation. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• State: means any state, territory or district of the United States. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• succeeding: when used by way of reference to any section or sections, mean the section or sections next preceding, next following or next succeeding, unless some other section is expressly designated in such reference. See Connecticut General Statutes 1-1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Tax year: means the calendar year in which the tax is payable. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Taxable member: means a combined group member that is subject to tax pursuant to this chapter. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Taxable year: means the calendar year upon the basis of which the taxpayer's unrelated business taxable income is computed, provided, if a fiscal year other than a calendar year has been established for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code, "taxable year" means such fiscal year. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Taxpayer: means any insurance company subject to taxation under this chapter. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-201
• Taxpayer: means any organization which is exempt from taxation in accordance with any of the provisions of Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code and which, notwithstanding the provisions of said Section 501, is subject to taxation under said code on unrelated business taxable income attributable to a trade or business carried on in this state. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Unitary business: means a single economic enterprise that is made up either of separate parts of a single business entity or of a group of business entities under common ownership, which enterprise is sufficiently interdependent, integrated or interrelated through its activities so as to provide mutual benefit and produce a significant sharing or exchange of value among such entities, or a significant flow of value among the separate parts. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-213
• Unrelated business taxable income: means income as defined and determined in accordance with Section 512 of the Internal Revenue Code and subsection (b) of this section. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa
• Unrelated trade or business: means unrelated trade or business as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. See Connecticut General Statutes 12-242aa