Terms Used In Hawaii Revised Statutes > Chapter 264 > Part I - Highways, Generally

• Administrator: means the person conducting the photo lineup, live lineup, or showup for law enforcement. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Adverse result: includes one or more of the following possible consequences:

  (1) Danger to the life or physical safety of an individual;

  (2) A flight from prosecution;

  (3) The destruction of, potential loss of, or tampering with evidence;

  (4) The intimidation of potential witnesses; or

  (5) Jeopardy to an investigation or undue delay of a trial. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 806D-1

• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Applicant: means a law enforcement officer, prosecuting attorney or deputy prosecuting attorney, attorney general or deputy attorney general, or defense attorney who is seeking criminal process under § 806D-2. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 806D-1
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Articles of organization: means initial, amended, and restated articles of organization and articles of merger. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Association: means an association organized under chapter 421 or 421C. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Blind: means the administrator does not know the identity of the suspect in the identification procedure. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Blinded: means the administrator may know who the suspect is, but by virtue of the use of procedures or technology, does not know which lineup member is being viewed by the eyewitness. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Business: includes every trade, occupation, profession, and other lawful purpose, whether or not carried on for profit. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Buyer: means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 490:2-103
• Certificate of limited partnership: means the certificate required by § 425E-201. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Constituent limited partnership: means a constituent organization that is a limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101
• Constituent organization: means an organization that is a party to a merger. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contract for sale: includes both a present sale of goods and a contract to sell goods at a future time. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 490:2-106
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Criminal process: means a search warrant or legal process issued pursuant to chapters 28, 621, 622, and 803; the Hawaii rules of penal procedure; and any other legal process signed by a judge or clerk of the district or circuit court and issued in a criminal matter that allows the search for or commands production of records that are in the actual or constructive possession of the recipient, regardless of whether the recipient or the records are physically located within the State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 806D-1
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Department: means the department of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Director: means the director of the department of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Director: means the director of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Distribution: means a transfer of money, property, or other benefit from a limited liability company to a member in the member's capacity as a member or to a transferee of the member's distributional interest. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Distributional interest: means all of a member's interest in distributions by the limited liability company. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Entity: includes domestic and foreign corporations, domestic professional corporations, domestic and foreign limited liability companies, domestic and foreign nonprofit corporations, domestic and foreign business trusts, estates, domestic and foreign partnerships, domestic and foreign limited partnerships, domestic and foreign limited liability partnerships, trusts, two or more persons having joint or common economic interest, associations and cooperative associations, and state, federal, and foreign governments. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Entity: includes domestic and foreign corporations, domestic professional corporations, domestic and foreign limited liability companies, domestic and foreign nonprofit corporations, domestic and foreign business trusts, estates, domestic and foreign partnerships, domestic and foreign limited partnerships, domestic and foreign limited liability partnerships, trusts, two or more persons having joint or common economic interest, associations and cooperative associations, and state, federal, and foreign governments. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Eyewitness: means a person who observes another person at or near the scene of an offense. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreign limited liability company: means an unincorporated entity organized under laws other than the laws of this State which afford limited liability to its owners comparable to the liability under § 428-303 and is not required to obtain a certificate of authority to transact business under any law of this State other than this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Foreign limited liability limited partnership: means a foreign limited partnership whose general partners have limited liability for the obligations of the foreign limited partnership under a provision similar to section 425E-404(c). See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Foreign limited partnership: means a partnership formed under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this State and required by those laws to have one or more general partners and one or more limited partners. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• General partner: means :

  (1) With respect to a limited partnership, a person that:

  (A) Becomes a general partner under § 425E-401; or

  (B) Was a general partner in a limited partnership when the limited partnership became subject to this chapter under section 425E-1204(a) or (b); and

  (2) With respect to a foreign limited partnership, a person that has rights, powers, and obligations similar to those of a general partner in a limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102

• General partner: means a general partner of a limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Identification: means the identification by the eyewitness of a specific person as the possible perpetrator. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Identification procedure: means a live lineup, a photo lineup, or a showup. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Individual: means a natural person. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Law enforcement: means any law enforcement entity conducting an investigation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Limited liability company: means a limited liability company organized under this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Limited partner: means :

  (1) With respect to a limited partnership, a person that:

  (A) Becomes a limited partner under § 425E-301; or

  (B) Was a limited partner in a limited partnership when the limited partnership became subject to this chapter under section 425E-1204(a) or (b); and

  (2) With respect to a foreign limited partnership, a person that has rights, powers, and obligations similar to those of a limited partner in a limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102

• Live lineup: means an identification procedure in which a group of persons, including the suspect and other persons acting as fillers, is displayed to an eyewitness for the purpose of determining whether the eyewitness identifies the suspect as the possible perpetrator. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Manager: means a person, whether or not a member of a manager-managed limited liability company, who is vested with authority under section 428-301(b). See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Manager-managed limited liability company: means a limited liability company which is so designated in its articles of organization. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Member-managed limited liability company: means a limited liability company other than a manager-managed company. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• month: means a calendar month; and the word "year" a calendar year. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-20
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• oath: includes a solemn affirmation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-21
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Operating agreement: means the agreement under section 428-103 concerning the relations among the members, managers, and limited liability company. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Organizing articles: means :

  (1) For an association, corporation, or nonprofit corporation, the articles of incorporation;

  (2) For a general partnership or limited liability partnership, the registration statement;

  (3) For a limited partnership, or limited liability limited partnership, the certificate of limited partnership; and

  (4) For a limited liability company, the articles of organization. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101

• Other business entity: means a corporation, limited liability company, general partnership, limited liability partnership, or association. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101
• Partner: means a limited partner or general partner. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Partnership agreement: means the partners' agreement, whether oral, implied, in a record, or in any combination, concerning the limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Person: includes any individual or entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Person: includes any individual or entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Person dissociated as a general partner: means a person dissociated as a general partner of a limited partnership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Personal liability: means personal liability for a debt, liability, or other obligation of an organization which is imposed on a person that co-owns, has an interest in, or is a member of the organization:

  (1) By the organization's governing statute solely by reason of the person co-owning, having an interest in, or being a member of the organization; or

  (2) By the organization's organizational documents under a provision of the organization's governing statute authorizing those documents to make one or more specified persons liable for all or specified debts, liabilities, and other obligations of the organization solely by reason of the person or persons co-owning, having an interest in, or being a member of the organization. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-1101

• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Photo lineup: means an identification procedure in which an array of photographs, including a photograph of the suspect and additional photographs of other persons not suspected of the offense, is displayed to an eyewitness either in hard copy form or via computer or other electronic means for the purpose of determining whether the eyewitness identifies the suspect as the possible perpetrator. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• present sale: means a sale that is accomplished by the making of the contract. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 490:2-106
• Principal office: means the office where the principal executive office of a limited partnership or foreign limited partnership is located, whether or not the office is located in this State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Principal office: means the office, whether or not in this State, where the principal executive office of a domestic or foreign limited liability company is located. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Properly served: means delivery by hand or in a manner reasonably allowing for proof of delivery if delivered by United States mail, overnight delivery service, or facsimile to the recipient addressee of criminal process. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 806D-1
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recipient: means a person, as defined in § 701-118, or a business, as defined in § 487J-1, that has conducted business or engaged in transactions or activities occurring at least in part in the state from which process was issued upon whom process is properly served. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 806D-1
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• right of contribution: means any benefit provided by a person to a limited partnership in order to become a partner or in the person's capacity as a partner. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Seller: means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 490:2-103
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Showup: means an identification procedure in which an eyewitness is presented in-person with a single suspect for the purpose of determining whether the eyewitness identifies this individual as the possible perpetrator. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Signed: includes any symbol executed or adopted by a person with the present intention to authenticate a record. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Suspect: means the person believed by law enforcement to be the possible perpetrator of the crime. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 801K-1
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Transfer: includes an assignment, conveyance, deed, bill of sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, gift, and transfer by operation of law. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 425E-102
• Transfer: includes an assignment, conveyance, deed, bill of sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, and gift. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 428-101
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.