Illinois Compiled Statutes 210 ILCS 85/10.8 – Requirements for employment of physicians
Current as of: 2024 | Check for updates
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(a) Physician employment by hospitals and hospital affiliates. Employing entities may employ physicians to practice medicine in all of its branches provided that the following requirements are met:
(1) The employed physician is a member of the medical
(1) The employed physician is a member of the medical
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staff of either the hospital or hospital affiliate. If a hospital affiliate decides to have a medical staff, its medical staff shall be organized in accordance with written bylaws where the affiliate medical staff is responsible for making recommendations to the governing body of the affiliate regarding all quality assurance activities and safeguarding professional autonomy. The affiliate medical staff bylaws may not be unilaterally changed by the governing body of the affiliate. Nothing in this Section requires hospital affiliates to have a medical staff.
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(2) Independent physicians, who are not employed by
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an employing entity, periodically review the quality of the medical services provided by the employed physician to continuously improve patient care.
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(3) The employing entity and the employed physician
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sign a statement acknowledging that the employer shall not unreasonably exercise control, direct, or interfere with the employed physician’s exercise and execution of his or her professional judgment in a manner that adversely affects the employed physician’s ability to provide quality care to patients. This signed statement shall take the form of a provision in the physician’s employment contract or a separate signed document from the employing entity to the employed physician. This statement shall state: “As the employer of a physician, (employer’s name) shall not unreasonably exercise control, direct, or interfere with the employed physician’s exercise and execution of his or her professional judgment in a manner that adversely affects the employed physician’s ability to provide quality care to patients.”
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(4) The employing entity shall establish a mutually
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agreed upon independent review process with criteria under which an employed physician may seek review of the alleged violation of this Section by physicians who are not employed by the employing entity. The affiliate may arrange with the hospital medical staff to conduct these reviews. The independent physicians shall make findings and recommendations to the employing entity and the employed physician within 30 days of the conclusion of the gathering of the relevant information.
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(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this Section:
“Employing entity” means a hospital licensed under the Hospital Licensing Act or a hospital affiliate.
“Employed physician” means a physician who receives an IRS W-2 form, or any successor federal income tax form, from an employing entity.
“Hospital” means a hospital licensed under the Hospital Licensing Act, except county hospitals as defined in subsection (c) of § 15-1 of the Illinois Public Aid Code.
“Hospital affiliate” means a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, or similar organization, other than a hospital, that is devoted primarily to the provision, management, or support of health care services and that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control of the hospital. “Control” means having at least an equal or a majority ownership or membership interest. A hospital affiliate shall be 100% owned or controlled by any combination of hospitals, their parent corporations, or physicians licensed to practice medicine in all its branches in Illinois. “Hospital affiliate” does not include a health maintenance organization regulated under the Health Maintenance Organization Act.
“Physician” means an individual licensed to practice medicine in all its branches in Illinois.
“Professional judgment” means the exercise of a physician’s independent clinical judgment in providing medically appropriate diagnoses, care, and treatment to a particular patient at a particular time. Situations in which an employing entity does not interfere with an employed physician’s professional judgment include, without limitation, the following:
(1) practice restrictions based upon peer review of
Terms Used In Illinois Compiled Statutes 210 ILCS 85/10.8
- Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- individual: shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development. See Illinois Compiled Statutes 5 ILCS 70/1.36
- Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
- Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
- State: when applied to different parts of the United States, may be construed to include the District of Columbia and the several territories, and the words "United States" may be construed to include the said district and territories. See Illinois Compiled Statutes 5 ILCS 70/1.14
“Employing entity” means a hospital licensed under the Hospital Licensing Act or a hospital affiliate.
“Employed physician” means a physician who receives an IRS W-2 form, or any successor federal income tax form, from an employing entity.
“Hospital” means a hospital licensed under the Hospital Licensing Act, except county hospitals as defined in subsection (c) of § 15-1 of the Illinois Public Aid Code.
“Hospital affiliate” means a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, or similar organization, other than a hospital, that is devoted primarily to the provision, management, or support of health care services and that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control of the hospital. “Control” means having at least an equal or a majority ownership or membership interest. A hospital affiliate shall be 100% owned or controlled by any combination of hospitals, their parent corporations, or physicians licensed to practice medicine in all its branches in Illinois. “Hospital affiliate” does not include a health maintenance organization regulated under the Health Maintenance Organization Act.
“Physician” means an individual licensed to practice medicine in all its branches in Illinois.
“Professional judgment” means the exercise of a physician’s independent clinical judgment in providing medically appropriate diagnoses, care, and treatment to a particular patient at a particular time. Situations in which an employing entity does not interfere with an employed physician’s professional judgment include, without limitation, the following:
(1) practice restrictions based upon peer review of
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the physician’s clinical practice to assess quality of care and utilization of resources in accordance with applicable bylaws;
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(2) supervision of physicians by appropriately
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licensed medical directors, medical school faculty, department chairpersons or directors, or supervising physicians;
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(3) written statements of ethical or religious
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directives; and
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(4) reasonable referral restrictions that do not,
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in the reasonable professional judgment of the physician, adversely affect the health or welfare of the patient.
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(c) Private enforcement. An employed physician aggrieved by a violation of this Act may seek to obtain an injunction or reinstatement of employment with the employing entity as the court may deem appropriate. Nothing in this Section limits or abrogates any common law cause of action. Nothing in this Section shall be deemed to alter the law of negligence.
(d) Department enforcement. The Department may enforce the provisions of this Section, but nothing in this Section shall require or permit the Department to license, certify, or otherwise investigate the activities of a hospital affiliate not otherwise required to be licensed by the Department.
(e) Retaliation prohibited. No employing entity shall retaliate against any employed physician for requesting a hearing or review under this Section. No action may be taken that affects the ability of a physician to practice during this review, except in circumstances where the medical staff bylaws authorize summary suspension.
(f) Physician collaboration. No employing entity shall adopt or enforce, either formally or informally, any policy, rule, regulation, or practice inconsistent with the provision of adequate collaboration, including medical direction of licensed advanced practice registered nurses or supervision of licensed physician assistants and delegation to other personnel under Section 54.5 of the Medical Practice Act of 1987.
(g) Physician disciplinary actions. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit or prohibit the governing body of an employing entity or its medical staff, if any, from taking disciplinary actions against a physician as permitted by law.
(h) Physician review. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to prohibit a hospital or hospital affiliate from making a determination not to pay for a particular health care service or to prohibit a medical group, independent practice association, hospital medical staff, or hospital governing body from enforcing reasonable peer review or utilization review protocols or determining whether the employed physician complied with those protocols.
(i) Review. Nothing in this Section may be used or construed to establish that any activity of a hospital or hospital affiliate is subject to review under the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Act.
(j) Rules. The Department shall adopt any rules necessary to implement this Section.
(d) Department enforcement. The Department may enforce the provisions of this Section, but nothing in this Section shall require or permit the Department to license, certify, or otherwise investigate the activities of a hospital affiliate not otherwise required to be licensed by the Department.
(e) Retaliation prohibited. No employing entity shall retaliate against any employed physician for requesting a hearing or review under this Section. No action may be taken that affects the ability of a physician to practice during this review, except in circumstances where the medical staff bylaws authorize summary suspension.
(f) Physician collaboration. No employing entity shall adopt or enforce, either formally or informally, any policy, rule, regulation, or practice inconsistent with the provision of adequate collaboration, including medical direction of licensed advanced practice registered nurses or supervision of licensed physician assistants and delegation to other personnel under Section 54.5 of the Medical Practice Act of 1987.
(g) Physician disciplinary actions. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit or prohibit the governing body of an employing entity or its medical staff, if any, from taking disciplinary actions against a physician as permitted by law.
(h) Physician review. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to prohibit a hospital or hospital affiliate from making a determination not to pay for a particular health care service or to prohibit a medical group, independent practice association, hospital medical staff, or hospital governing body from enforcing reasonable peer review or utilization review protocols or determining whether the employed physician complied with those protocols.
(i) Review. Nothing in this Section may be used or construed to establish that any activity of a hospital or hospital affiliate is subject to review under the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Act.
(j) Rules. The Department shall adopt any rules necessary to implement this Section.