Sec. 3. (a) A supplier may not commit an unfair, abusive, or deceptive act, omission, or practice in connection with a consumer transaction. Such an act, omission, or practice by a supplier is a violation of this chapter whether it occurs before, during, or after the transaction. An act, omission, or practice prohibited by this section includes both implicit and explicit misrepresentations.

     (b) Without limiting the scope of subsection (a), the following acts, and the following representations as to the subject matter of a consumer transaction, made orally, in writing, or by electronic communication, by a supplier, are deceptive acts:

(1) That such subject of a consumer transaction has sponsorship, approval, performance, characteristics, accessories, uses, or benefits it does not have which the supplier knows or should reasonably know it does not have.

(2) That such subject of a consumer transaction is of a particular standard, quality, grade, style, or model, if it is not and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it is not.

(3) That such subject of a consumer transaction is new or unused, if it is not and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it is not.

(4) That such subject of a consumer transaction will be supplied to the public in greater quantity than the supplier intends or reasonably expects.

(5) That replacement or repair constituting the subject of a consumer transaction is needed, if it is not and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it is not.

(6) That a specific price advantage exists as to such subject of a consumer transaction, if it does not and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it does not.

(7) That the supplier has a sponsorship, approval, or affiliation in such consumer transaction the supplier does not have, and which the supplier knows or should reasonably know that the supplier does not have.

(8) That such consumer transaction involves or does not involve a warranty, a disclaimer of warranties, or other rights, remedies, or obligations, if the representation is false and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that the representation is false.

(9) That the consumer will receive a rebate, discount, or other benefit as an inducement for entering into a sale or lease in return for giving the supplier the names of prospective consumers or otherwise helping the supplier to enter into other consumer transactions, if earning the benefit, rebate, or discount is contingent upon the occurrence of an event subsequent to the time the consumer agrees to the purchase or lease.

(10) That the supplier is able to deliver or complete the subject of the consumer transaction within a stated period of time, when the supplier knows or should reasonably know the supplier could not. If no time period has been stated by the supplier, there is a presumption that the supplier has represented that the supplier will deliver or complete the subject of the consumer transaction within a reasonable time, according to the course of dealing or the usage of the trade.

(11) That the consumer will be able to purchase the subject of the consumer transaction as advertised by the supplier, if the supplier does not intend to sell it.

(12) That the replacement or repair constituting the subject of a consumer transaction can be made by the supplier for the estimate the supplier gives a customer for the replacement or repair, if the specified work is completed and:

(A) the cost exceeds the estimate by an amount equal to or greater than ten percent (10%) of the estimate;

(B) the supplier did not obtain written permission from the customer to authorize the supplier to complete the work even if the cost would exceed the amounts specified in clause (A);

(C) the total cost for services and parts for a single transaction is more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750); and

(D) the supplier knew or reasonably should have known that the cost would exceed the estimate in the amounts specified in clause (A).

(13) That the replacement or repair constituting the subject of a consumer transaction is needed, and that the supplier disposes of the part repaired or replaced earlier than seventy-two (72) hours after both:

(A) the customer has been notified that the work has been completed; and

(B) the part repaired or replaced has been made available for examination upon the request of the customer.

(14) Engaging in the replacement or repair of the subject of a consumer transaction if the consumer has not authorized the replacement or repair, and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it is not authorized.

(15) The act of misrepresenting the geographic location of the supplier by listing an alternate business name or an assumed business name (as described in IC 23-0.5-3-4) in a local telephone directory if:

(A) the name misrepresents the supplier’s geographic location;

(B) the listing fails to identify the locality and state of the supplier’s business;

(C) calls to the local telephone number are routinely forwarded or otherwise transferred to a supplier’s business location that is outside the calling area covered by the local telephone directory; and

(D) the supplier’s business location is located in a county that is not contiguous to a county in the calling area covered by the local telephone directory.

(16) The act of listing an alternate business name or assumed business name (as described in IC 23-0.5-3-4) in a directory assistance data base if:

(A) the name misrepresents the supplier’s geographic location;

(B) calls to the local telephone number are routinely forwarded or otherwise transferred to a supplier’s business location that is outside the local calling area; and

(C) the supplier’s business location is located in a county that is not contiguous to a county in the local calling area.

(17) The violation by a supplier of IC 24-3-4 concerning cigarettes for import or export.

(18) The act of a supplier in knowingly selling or reselling a product to a consumer if the product has been recalled, whether by the order of a court or a regulatory body, or voluntarily by the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer, unless the product has been repaired or modified to correct the defect that was the subject of the recall.

(19) The violation by a supplier of 47 U.S.C. § 227, including any rules or regulations issued under 47 U.S.C. § 227.

(20) The violation by a supplier of the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq.), including any rules or regulations issued under the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq.).

(21) A violation of IC 24-5-7 (concerning health spa services), as set forth in IC 24-5-7-17.

(22) A violation of IC 24-5-8 (concerning business opportunity transactions), as set forth in IC 24-5-8-20.

(23) A violation of IC 24-5-10 (concerning home consumer transactions), as set forth in IC 24-5-10-18.

(24) A violation of IC 24-5-11 (concerning real property improvement contracts), as set forth in IC 24-5-11-14.

(25) A violation of IC 24-5-12 (concerning telephone solicitations), as set forth in IC 24-5-12-23.

(26) A violation of IC 24-5-13.5 (concerning buyback motor vehicles), as set forth in IC 24-5-13.5-14.

(27) A violation of IC 24-5-14 (concerning automatic dialing-announcing devices), as set forth in IC 24-5-14-13.

(28) A violation of IC 24-5-15 (concerning credit services organizations), as set forth in IC 24-5-15-11.

(29) A violation of IC 24-5-16 (concerning unlawful motor vehicle subleasing), as set forth in IC 24-5-16-18.

(30) A violation of IC 24-5-17 (concerning environmental marketing claims), as set forth in IC 24-5-17-14.

(31) A violation of IC 24-5-19 (concerning deceptive commercial solicitation), as set forth in IC 24-5-19-11.

(32) A violation of IC 24-5-21 (concerning prescription drug discount cards), as set forth in IC 24-5-21-7.

(33) A violation of IC 24-5-23.5-7 (concerning real estate appraisals), as set forth in IC 24-5-23.5-9.

(34) A violation of IC 24-5-26 (concerning identity theft), as set forth in IC 24-5-26-3.

(35) A violation of IC 24-5.5 (concerning mortgage rescue fraud), as set forth in IC 24-5.5-6-1.

(36) A violation of IC 24-8 (concerning promotional gifts and contests), as set forth in IC 24-8-6-3.

(37) A violation of IC 21-18.5-6 (concerning representations made by a postsecondary credit bearing proprietary educational institution), as set forth in IC 21-18.5-6-22.5.

(38) A violation of IC 24-5-15.5 (concerning collection actions of a plaintiff debt buyer), as set forth in IC 24-5-15.5-6.

(39) A violation of IC 24-14 (concerning towing services), as set forth in IC 24-14-10-1.

(40) A violation of IC 24-5-14.5 (concerning misleading or inaccurate caller identification information), as set forth in IC 24-5-14.5-12.

(41) A violation of IC 24-5-27 (concerning intrastate inmate calling services), as set forth in IC 24-5-27-27.

(42) A violation of IC 15-21 (concerning sales of dogs by retail pet stores), as set forth in IC 15-21-7-4.

(43) A violation of IC 24-4-23 (concerning the security of information collected and transmitted by an adult oriented website operator), as set forth in IC 24-4-23-14.

     (c) Any representations on or within a product or its packaging or in advertising or promotional materials which would constitute a deceptive act shall be the deceptive act both of the supplier who places such representation thereon or therein, or who authored such materials, and such other suppliers who shall state orally or in writing that such representation is true if such other supplier shall know or have reason to know that such representation was false.

     (d) If a supplier shows by a preponderance of the evidence that an act resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adopted to avoid the error, such act shall not be deceptive within the meaning of this chapter.

     (e) It shall be a defense to any action brought under this chapter that the representation constituting an alleged deceptive act was one made in good faith by the supplier without knowledge of its falsity and in reliance upon the oral or written representations of the manufacturer, the person from whom the supplier acquired the product, any testing organization, or any other person provided that the source thereof is disclosed to the consumer.

     (f) For purposes of subsection (b)(12), a supplier that provides estimates before performing repair or replacement work for a customer shall give the customer a written estimate itemizing as closely as possible the price for labor and parts necessary for the specific job before commencing the work.

     (g) For purposes of subsection (b)(15) and (b)(16), a telephone company or other provider of a telephone directory or directory assistance service or its officer or agent is immune from liability for publishing the listing of an alternate business name or assumed business name of a supplier in its directory or directory assistance data base unless the telephone company or other provider of a telephone directory or directory assistance service is the same person as the supplier who has committed the deceptive act.

     (h) For purposes of subsection (b)(18), it is an affirmative defense to any action brought under this chapter that the product has been altered by a person other than the defendant to render the product completely incapable of serving its original purpose.

Formerly: Acts 1971, P.L.367, SEC.1. As amended by Acts 1978, P.L.127, SEC.2; Acts 1982, P.L.153, SEC.1; Acts 1982, P.L.152, SEC.2; P.L.16-1983, SEC.16; P.L.239-1985, SEC.1; P.L.12-1986, SEC.5; P.L.24-1989, SEC.11; P.L.174-1997, SEC.2; P.L.21-2000, SEC.11; P.L.70-2002, SEC.1; P.L.85-2006, SEC.3; P.L.1-2009, SEC.137; P.L.226-2011, SEC.14; P.L.273-2013, SEC.31; P.L.65-2014, SEC.7; P.L.170-2017, SEC.1; P.L.118-2017, SEC.119; P.L.170-2017, SEC.2; P.L.211-2019, SEC.33; P.L.242-2019, SEC.6; P.L.280-2019, SEC.5; P.L.281-2019, SEC.4; P.L.156-2020, SEC.87; P.L.34-2022, SEC.7; P.L.4-2024, SEC.33; P.L.98-2024, SEC.3; P.L.104-2024, SEC.42.