Sec. 1. (a) An action to enforce a statute defining an infraction shall be brought in the name of the state of Indiana by the prosecuting attorney for the judicial circuit in which the infraction allegedly took place. However, if the infraction allegedly took place on a public highway (as defined in IC 9-25-2-4) that runs on and along a common boundary shared by two (2) or more judicial circuits, a prosecuting attorney for any judicial circuit sharing the common boundary may bring the action.

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Terms Used In Indiana Code 34-28-5-1

  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Attorney: includes a counselor or other person authorized to appear and represent a party in an action or special proceeding. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
  • Clerk: means the clerk of the court or a person authorized to perform the clerk's duties. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
  • Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Highway: includes county bridges and state and county roads, unless otherwise expressly provided. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
  • Judgment: means all final orders, decrees, and determinations in an action and all orders upon which executions may issue. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
     (b) An action to enforce an ordinance shall be brought in the name of the municipal corporation. The municipal corporation need not prove that it or the ordinance is valid unless validity is controverted by affidavit.

     (c) Actions under this chapter (or IC 34-4-32 before its repeal):

(1) shall be conducted in accordance with the Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure; and

(2) must be brought within two (2) years after the alleged conduct or violation occurred.

     (d) The plaintiff in an action under this chapter must prove the commission of an infraction or ordinance violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

     (e) The complaint and summons described in IC 9-30-3-6 may be used for any infraction or ordinance violation.

     (f) This subsection does not apply to an offense or violation under IC 9-24-6 (before its repeal) or IC 9-24-6.1 involving the operation of a commercial motor vehicle. The prosecuting attorney or the attorney for a municipal corporation may establish a deferral program for deferring actions brought under this section. Actions may be deferred under this section if:

(1) the defendant in the action agrees to conditions of a deferral program offered by the prosecuting attorney or the attorney for a municipal corporation;

(2) the defendant in the action agrees to pay to the clerk of the court an initial user’s fee and monthly user’s fee set by the prosecuting attorney or the attorney for the municipal corporation in accordance with IC 33-37-4-2(e);

(3) the terms of the agreement are recorded in an instrument signed by the defendant and the prosecuting attorney or the attorney for the municipal corporation;

(4) the defendant in the action agrees to pay a fee of seventy dollars ($70) to the clerk of court if the action involves a moving traffic offense (as defined in IC 9-13-2-110);

(5) the agreement is filed in the court in which the action is brought; and

(6) if the deferral program is offered by the prosecuting attorney, the prosecuting attorney electronically transmits information required by the prosecuting attorneys council concerning the withheld prosecution to the prosecuting attorneys council, in a manner and format designated by the prosecuting attorneys council.

When a defendant complies with the terms of an agreement filed under this subsection (or IC 34-4-32-1(f) before its repeal), the prosecuting attorney or the attorney for the municipal corporation shall request the court to dismiss the action. Upon receipt of a request to dismiss an action under this subsection, the court shall dismiss the action. An action dismissed under this subsection (or IC 34-4-32-1(f) before its repeal) may not be refiled.

     (g) If a judgment is entered against a defendant in an action to enforce an ordinance, the defendant may perform community restitution or service (as defined in IC 35-31.5-2-50) instead of paying a monetary judgment for the ordinance violation as described in section 4(e) of this chapter if:

(1) the:

(A) defendant; and

(B) attorney for the municipal corporation;

agree to the defendant’s performance of community restitution or service instead of the payment of a monetary judgment;

(2) the terms of the agreement described in subdivision (1):

(A) include the amount of the judgment the municipal corporation requests that the defendant pay under section 4(e) of this chapter for the ordinance violation if the defendant fails to perform the community restitution or service provided for in the agreement as approved by the court; and

(B) are recorded in a written instrument signed by the defendant and the attorney for the municipal corporation;

(3) the agreement is filed in the court where the judgment was entered; and

(4) the court approves the agreement.

If a defendant fails to comply with an agreement approved by a court under this subsection, the court shall require the defendant to pay up to the amount of the judgment requested in the action under section 4(e) of this chapter as if the defendant had not entered into an agreement under this subsection.

[Pre-1998 Recodification Citation: 34-4-32-1.]

As added by P.L.1-1998, SEC.24. Amended by P.L.98-2000, SEC.12; P.L.98-2004, SEC.123; P.L.176-2005, SEC.24; P.L.200-2005, SEC.1; P.L.101-2009, SEC.17; P.L.114-2012, SEC.65; P.L.125-2012, SEC.412; P.L.198-2016, SEC.667; P.L.110-2020, SEC.9.

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