Indiana Code 35-37-4-6. Application of section; “protected person”; admissibility of statement or videotape; notice to defendant; jury instructions
(1) Sex crimes (IC 35-42-4).
Terms Used In Indiana Code 35-37-4-6
- Attorney: includes a counselor or other person authorized to appear and represent a party in an action or special proceeding. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
- Property: includes personal and real property. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
- Testify: Answer questions in court.
- Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
- Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
(3) Kidnapping and confinement (IC 35-42-3).
(4) Incest (IC 35-46-1-3).
(5) Neglect of a dependent (IC 35-46-1-4).
(6) Human and sexual trafficking crimes (IC 35-42-3.5).
(b) This section applies to a criminal action involving the following offenses where the victim is a protected person under subsection (c)(3):
(1) Exploitation of a dependent or endangered adult (IC 35-46-1-12).
(2) A sex crime (IC 35-42-4).
(3) A battery offense included in IC 35-42-2.
(4) Kidnapping, confinement, or interference with custody (IC 35-42-3).
(5) Home improvement fraud (IC 35-43-6).
(6) Fraud (IC 35-43-5).
(7) Identity deception (IC 35-43-5-3.5).
(8) Synthetic identity deception (IC 35-43-5-3.8) (before its repeal).
(9) Theft (IC 35-43-4-2).
(10) Conversion (IC 35-43-4-3).
(11) Neglect of a dependent (IC 35-46-1-4).
(12) Human and sexual trafficking crimes (IC 35-42-3.5).
(c) As used in this section, “protected person” means:
(1) a child who is less than fourteen (14) years of age at the time of the offense but less than eighteen (18) years of age at the time of trial;
(2) an individual with a mental disability who has a disability attributable to an impairment of general intellectual functioning or adaptive behavior that:
(A) is manifested before the individual is eighteen (18) years of age;
(B) is likely to continue indefinitely;
(C) constitutes a substantial impairment of the individual’s ability to function normally in society; and
(D) reflects the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic care, treatment, or other services that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated; or
(3) an individual who is:
(A) at least eighteen (18) years of age; and
(B) incapable by reason of mental illness, intellectual disability, dementia, or other physical or mental incapacity of:
(i) managing or directing the management of the individual’s property; or
(ii) providing or directing the provision of self-care.
(d) As used in this section, “provider” means:
(1) a psychiatrist or physician licensed under IC 25-22.5;
(2) a psychologist licensed under IC 25-33;
(3) a marriage and family therapist licensed under IC 25-23.6-8;
(4) an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) with a certification as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner licensed under IC 25-23; or
(5) a physician assistant specialized in psychiatry and mental health licensed under IC 25-27.5.
(e) A statement or videotape that:
(1) is made by a person who at the time of trial is a protected person, as defined in subsection (c);
(2) concerns an act that is a material element of an offense listed in subsection (a) or (b) that was allegedly committed against the person; and
(3) is not otherwise admissible in evidence;
is admissible in evidence in a criminal action for an offense listed in subsection (a) or (b) if the requirements of subsection (f) are met.
(f) A statement or videotape described in subsection (e) is admissible in evidence in a criminal action listed in subsection (a) or (b) if, after notice to the defendant of a hearing and of the defendant’s right to be present, all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The court finds, in a hearing:
(A) conducted outside the presence of the jury; and
(B) attended by the protected person in person or by using closed circuit television testimony as described in section 8(f) and 8(g) of this chapter;
that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement or videotape provide sufficient indications of reliability.
(2) The protected person:
(A) testifies at the trial; or
(B) is found by the court to be unavailable as a witness for one (1) of the following reasons:
(i) From the testimony of a provider, and other evidence, if any, the court finds that the protected person’s testifying in the physical presence of the defendant will cause the protected person to suffer serious emotional distress such that the protected person cannot reasonably communicate.
(ii) The protected person cannot participate in the trial for medical reasons.
(iii) The court has determined that the protected person is incapable of understanding the nature and obligation of an oath.
(g) If a protected person is unavailable to testify at the trial for a reason listed in subsection (f)(2)(B), a statement or videotape may be admitted in evidence under this section only if the protected person was available for cross-examination:
(1) at the hearing described in subsection (f)(1); or
(2) when the statement or videotape was made.
(h) A statement or videotape may not be admitted in evidence under this section unless the prosecuting attorney informs the defendant and the defendant’s attorney at least ten (10) days before the trial of:
(1) the prosecuting attorney’s intention to introduce the statement or videotape in evidence; and
(2) the content of the statement or videotape.
(i) If a statement or videotape is admitted in evidence under this section, the court shall instruct the jury that it is for the jury to determine the weight and credit to be given the statement or videotape and that, in making that determination, the jury shall consider the following:
(1) The mental and physical age of the person making the statement or videotape.
(2) The nature of the statement or videotape.
(3) The circumstances under which the statement or videotape was made.
(4) Other relevant factors.
(j) If a statement or videotape described in subsection (e) is admitted into evidence under this section, a defendant may introduce a:
(1) transcript; or
(2) videotape;
of the hearing held under subsection (f)(1) into evidence at trial.
As added by P.L.180-1984, SEC.1. Amended by P.L.316-1985, SEC.1; P.L.37-1990, SEC.22; P.L.23-1993, SEC.161; P.L.142-1994, SEC.7; P.L.43-2004, SEC.1; P.L.2-2005, SEC.120; P.L.173-2006, SEC.48; P.L.99-2007, SEC.207; P.L.137-2009, SEC.10; P.L.28-2011, SEC.1; P.L.117-2015, SEC.54; P.L.238-2015, SEC.11; P.L.149-2016, SEC.89; P.L.65-2016, SEC.26; P.L.142-2020, SEC.58; P.L.174-2021, SEC.40; P.L.153-2022, SEC.1; P.L.42-2023, SEC.2; P.L.9-2024, SEC.534.