Terms Used In Iowa Code > Chapter 2B - Legal Publications

• Academy: means the Iowa law enforcement academy. See Iowa Code 80D.1A
• Academy: means the Iowa law enforcement academy. See Iowa Code 80B.3
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Agency: means a department, division, board, commission, bureau, authority, or office of the executive or legislative branch of state government, the office of attorney general, the state board of regents, community colleges, and the office of the governor, including a regulatory agency, or any department, division, board, commission, bureau, or office of a political subdivision of the state, but does not include any agricultural commodity promotional board, which is subject to a producer referendum. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amusement device: means any equipment or piece of equipment, appliance or combination thereof designed or intended to entertain or amuse a person. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Amusement ride: means any mechanized device or combination of devices which carries passengers along, around, or over a fixed or restricted course for the purpose of giving its passengers amusement, pleasure, thrills, or excitement. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: means a person applying for a private employment agency license. See Iowa Code 84I.1
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Asbestos project: includes the preparation of the project site and all activities through the transportation of the asbestos-containing materials off the premises. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bail enforcement agent: means a person engaged in the bail enforcement business, including licensees and persons engaged in the bail enforcement business whose principal place of business is in a state other than Iowa. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Bail enforcement business: means the business of taking or attempting to take into custody the principal on a bail bond issued or a deposit filed in relation to a criminal proceeding to assure the presence of the defendant at trial, but does not include such actions that are undertaken by a peace officer or a law enforcement officer in the course of the officer's official duties. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Ballot issue: means a question, other than the nomination or election of a candidate to a public office, which has been approved by a political subdivision or the general assembly or is required by law to be placed before the voters of the political subdivision by a commissioner of elections, or to be placed before the voters by the state commissioner of elections. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Board: means the Iowa ethics and campaign disclosure board. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Board: means the Iowa ethics and campaign disclosure board established under section 68B. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Business entity: means a partnership, firm, association, corporation, sole proprietorship, or other business concern. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Caller identification information: means information regarding the origination of the telephone call, such as the name or the telephone number of the caller. See Iowa Code 68A.506
• Campaign function: means any meeting related to a candidate's campaign for election. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Candidate: means a candidate under chapter 68A but does not include any judge standing for retention in a judicial election. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Candidate: means any individual who has taken affirmative action to seek nomination or election to a public office and shall also include any judge standing for retention in a judicial election. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Carnival: means an enterprise offering amusement or entertainment to the public in, upon, or by means of amusement devices or rides or concession booths. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Chief law enforcement officer: means the county sheriff, chief of police, or other chief law enforcement officer in the local governmental unit where a defendant is located. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Child: includes child by adoption. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Clearly identified: means that a communication contains an unambiguous reference to a particular candidate or ballot issue, including but not limited to one or more of the following:
   a. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• clerk: means clerk of the court in which the action or proceeding is brought or is pending; and the words "clerk's office" mean the office of that clerk. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Client: means a private person or a state, federal, or local government entity that pays compensation to or designates an individual to be a lobbyist. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Commissioner: means the county auditor of each county, who is designated as the county commissioner of elections pursuant to section 47. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of public safety. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Committee: includes a political committee and a candidate's committee. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Compensation: means any money, thing of value, or financial benefit conferred in return for services rendered or to be rendered. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Concession booth: means a structure, or enclosure, used at more than one fair or carnival, or at one fair or carnival for more than seven consecutive days, from which amusements are offered to the public. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Consultant: means a person who provides or procures services including but not limited to consulting, public relations, advertising, fundraising, polling, managing or organizing services. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contribution: means :
   (1) A gift, loan, advance, deposit, rebate, refund, or transfer of money or a gift in kind. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• corporation: means a for-profit or nonprofit corporation organized pursuant to the laws of this state, the United States, or any other state, territory, or foreign country. See Iowa Code 68A.503
• Council: means the Iowa law enforcement academy council. See Iowa Code 80D.1A
• Council: means the Iowa law enforcement academy council. See Iowa Code 80B.3
• County office: includes the office of drainage district trustee. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• County statutory political committee: means a committee as described in section 43. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Defendant: means the principal on a bail bond issued or deposit filed in relation to a criminal proceeding in order to assure the presence of the defendant at trial. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Department: means the department of public safety. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Department: means the department of public safety. See Iowa Code 80H.1
• Department: means the department of inspections, appeals, and licensing. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Department: means the department of inspections, appeals, and licensing. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Director: means the director of the department of workforce development or the director's designee. See Iowa Code 84I.1
• Director: means the director of the department of inspections, appeals, and licensing. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Director: means the director of the department of inspections, appeals, and licensing. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• disablement: means the event or condition where an employee becomes actually incapacitated from performing the employee's work or from earning equal wages in other suitable employment because of an occupational disease as defined in this chapter in the last occupation in which such employee is injuriously exposed to the hazards of such disease. See Iowa Code 85A.4
• Disclosure report: means a statement of contributions received, expenditures made, and indebtedness incurred on forms prescribed by rules adopted by the board in accordance with chapter 17A. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Employee: means a person who seeks employment or who obtains employment through an employment agency. See Iowa Code 84I.1
• employee of the judicial branch: include every officer or employee of the judicial branch except a judicial officer. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Employer: means a person who seeks one or more employees or who obtains one or more employees. See Iowa Code 84I.1
• Employment agency: means a person who brings together those desiring to employ and those desiring employment and who receives a fee, privilege, or other consideration directly or indirectly from an employee for the service. See Iowa Code 84I.1
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Excessive noise exposure: means exposure to sound capable of producing occupational hearing loss. See Iowa Code 85B.4
• expressly advocate: means communication that can be characterized according to at least one of the following descriptions:
   a. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Fair: means an enterprise principally devoted to the exhibition of products of agriculture or industry in connection with the operation of amusement rides or devices or concession booths. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• following: when used by way of reference to a chapter or other part of a statute mean the next preceding or next following chapter or other part. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fundraising event: means any campaign function to which admission is charged or at which goods or services are sold. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Gift: means a rendering of anything of value in return for which legal consideration of equal or greater value is not given and received. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hearing level: means the measured threshold of hearing sensitivity using audiometric instruments properly calibrated to the American national standards institute audiometric zero reference level. See Iowa Code 85B.4
• Honorarium: means anything of value that is accepted or given as consideration for an appearance, speech, or article. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Immediate family members: means the spouse and dependent children of a public official or public employee. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Internet: means the federated international system that is composed of allied electronic communication networks linked by telecommunication channels, that uses standardized protocols, and that facilitates electronic communication services, including but not limited to use of the world wide web; the transmission of electronic mail or messages; the transfer of files and data or other electronic information; and the transmission of voice, image, and video. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Internet site: means a specific location on the internet that is determined by internet protocol numbers, by a domain name, or by both, including but not limited to domain names that use the designations ". See Iowa Code 4.1
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Judicial officer: means a supreme court justice, a judge of the court of appeals, a district judge, a district associate judge, an associate juvenile judge, an associate probate judge, or a magistrate. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Law enforcement agency: means a law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the search for a suspect in a case involving the death or serious injury of a peace officer in the line of duty, or a law enforcement agency employing a peace officer who is reported missing while on duty under circumstances warranting concern for the peace officer's safety. See Iowa Code 80H.1
• Law enforcement officer: means an officer appointed by the director of the department of natural resources, a member of a police force or other agency or department of the state, county, city, or tribal government regularly employed as such and who is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the criminal laws of this state and all individuals, as determined by the council, who by the nature of their duties may be required to perform the duties of a peace officer. See Iowa Code 80B.3
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legislative employee: means a permanent full-time employee of the general assembly but does not include members of the general assembly. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• License: means an authorization issued by the department permitting an individual person, including a supervisor or contractor, to work on an asbestos project, to inspect buildings for asbestos-containing building materials, to develop management plans, and to act as an asbestos project designer. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Licensee: means a person licensed under this chapter. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Lobbyist: means an individual who, by acting directly, does any of the following:
   (1) Receives compensation to encourage the passage, defeat, approval, veto, or modification of legislation, a rule, or an executive order by the members of the general assembly, a state agency, or any statewide elected official. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Majority leader: see Floor Leaders
• Member of the general assembly: means an individual duly elected to the senate or the house of representatives of the state of Iowa. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Minimum training course: means a curriculum of basic training requirements developed by the academy pursuant to the academy's rulemaking authority that a reserve peace officer must complete within a prescribed time period to become state certified as a reserve peace officer. See Iowa Code 80D.1A
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• month: means a calendar month, and the word "year" and the abbreviation "A. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• National political party: means a party which meets the definition of a political party established for this state by section 43. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• oath: includes affirmation in all cases where an affirmation may be substituted for an oath, and in like cases the word "swear" includes "affirm". See Iowa Code 4.1
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Occupational hearing loss: means that portion of a permanent sensorineural loss of hearing in one or both ears that exceeds an average hearing level of twenty-five decibels for the frequencies five hundred, one thousand, two thousand, and three thousand Hertz, arising out of and in the course of employment caused by excessive noise exposure. See Iowa Code 85B.4
• Official: means all statewide elected officials, the executive or administrative head or heads of an agency of state government, the deputy executive or administrative head or heads of an agency of state government, members of boards or commissions as defined under section 7E. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Operator: includes an agency of the state or any of its political subdivisions. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• owner: means a person having an ownership interest exceeding ten percent of the equity or profits of the publication. See Iowa Code 68A.503
• Parent or guardian: means a parent, custodian, or guardian or person responsible for the control, safety, training, or education of a rider who is a minor or person with a disability. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Peace officer: means the same as defined in section 801. See Iowa Code 80H.1
• Permit: means an authorization issued by the department permitting a business entity to remove or encapsulate asbestos. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Person: means , without limitation, any individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, labor union, or any other legal entity. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Person: means , without limitation, any individual, corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, labor union, or any other legal entity. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, or other business entity. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• person: means individual, corporation, limited liability company, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, or any other legal entity. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Political committee: means any of the following:
   a. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• political purposes: means the express advocacy of a candidate or ballot issue. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Private investigation business: means the business of making, for hire or reward, an investigation for the purpose of obtaining information on any of the following matters:
   a. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Private investigative agency: means a person engaged in a private investigation business. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Private security agency: means a person engaged in a private security business. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Private security business: means a business of furnishing, for hire or reward, guards, watch personnel, armored car personnel, patrol personnel, or other persons to protect persons or property, to prevent the unlawful taking of goods and merchandise, or to prevent the misappropriation or concealment of goods, merchandise, money, securities, or other valuable documents or papers, and includes an individual who for hire patrols, watches, or guards a residential, industrial, or business property or district. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• property: includes personal and real property. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public debt: Cumulative amounts borrowed by the Treasury Department or the Federal Financing Bank from the public or from another fund or account. The public debt does not include agency debt (amounts borrowed by other agencies of the Federal Government). The total public debt is subject to a statutory limit.
• Public employee: means state employees, legislative employees, and local employees. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Public office: means any state, county, city, or school office or any other office of a political subdivision of the state that is filled by election. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Public office: means any state, county, city, or school office filled by election. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Public official: means officials, local officials, and members of the general assembly. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Public or commercial building: means a building that is not a residential apartment building of fewer than ten units or a school building. See Iowa Code 88B.1
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Regulatory agency: means the department of agriculture and land stewardship, department of workforce development, department of insurance and financial services, department of public safety, department of education, state board of regents, department of health and human services, department of revenue, department of inspections, appeals, and licensing, department of administrative services, public employment relations board, state department of transportation, civil rights commission, department of public defense, department of homeland security and emergency management, Iowa ethics and campaign disclosure board, utilities board, and department of natural resources. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Related electrical equipment: means any electrical apparatus or wiring used at a carnival or fair. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Reserve force: means an organization of reserve peace officers established as provided in this chapter. See Iowa Code 80D.1A
• Reserve peace officer: means a volunteer, nonregular, sworn member of a law enforcement agency who serves with or without compensation, has regular police powers while functioning as a law enforcement agency's representative, and participates on a regular basis in the law enforcement agency's activities including crime prevention and control, preservation of the peace, and enforcement of law. See Iowa Code 80D.1A
• Reserve peace officer: means the same as defined in section 80D. See Iowa Code 80B.3
• Restricted donor: means a person who is in any of the following categories:
   a. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Rider: means a person waiting in the immediate vicinity of an amusement ride to get on the amusement ride, getting on an amusement ride, using an amusement ride, getting off an amusement ride, or leaving an amusement ride and still in the immediate vicinity of the amusement ride. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• road: include public bridges, and may be held equivalent to the words "county way" "county road" "common road" and "state road". See Iowa Code 4.1
• Rule: includes "regulation". See Iowa Code 4.1
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• sham newspaper: means a newspaper publication that is published for the primary purpose of evading the requirements of this section or section 68A. See Iowa Code 68A.503
• Sign: means any symbol or language reasonably calculated to communicate information to a rider or the rider's parent or guardian, including placards, prerecorded messages, live public address, stickers, pictures, pictograms, video, verbal information, and visual signals. See Iowa Code 88A.1
• Signature: includes an electronic signature as defined in section 554D. See Iowa Code 4.1
• state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories, and the words "United States" may include the said district and territories. See Iowa Code 4.1
• state agency: means a department, division, board, commission, bureau, authority, or office of the executive or legislative branch of state government, the office of attorney general, the state board of regents, community colleges, and the office of the governor, including a regulatory agency, but does not include any agricultural commodity promotional board, which is subject to a producer referendum. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• State employee: means a person who is not an official and is a paid employee of the state of Iowa and does not include an independent contractor, an employee of the judicial branch who is not an employee of the office of attorney general, an employee of the general assembly, an employee of a political subdivision of the state, or an employee of any agricultural commodity promotional board, if the board is subject to a producer referendum. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• State statutory political committee: means a committee as defined in section 43. See Iowa Code 68A.102
• Statewide elected official: means the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, auditor of state, treasurer of state, secretary of agriculture, and attorney general of the state of Iowa. See Iowa Code 68B.2
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Telephone call: means a call made using or received on a telecommunications service or voice over internet protocol service. See Iowa Code 68A.506
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uniform: means a manner of dress of a particular style and distinctive appearance as distinguished from ordinary clothing customarily used and worn by the general public. See Iowa Code 80A.1
• United States: includes all the states. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Voice over internet protocol service: means a service to which all of the following apply:
   (1) The service provides real-time two-way voice communications transmitted using internet protocol, or a successor protocol. See Iowa Code 68A.506
• week: means seven consecutive days. See Iowa Code 4.1
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• year: means twelve consecutive months. See Iowa Code 4.1