Terms Used In Kansas Statutes > Chapter 2 > Article 25 - Kansas Egg Law

• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy: means revealing information that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person and is totally unrelated to the alleged crime that resulted in the issuance of the search warrant, including information totally unrelated to the alleged crime that may pose a risk to a person or property and is not of legitimate concern to the public. See Kansas Statutes 22-2502
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• contents: when used with respect to any wire, oral or electronic communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of such communication;

  (7) "aggrieved person" means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire, oral or electronic communication or a person against whom the interception was directed;

  (8) "judge of competent jurisdiction" means a justice of the supreme court, a judge of the court of appeals or any district judge but does not include a district magistrate judge;

  (9) "electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus which can be used to intercept a wire, oral or electronic communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by such subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of its business or (ii) being used by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law enforcement officer in the ordinary course of the officer's duties; or

  (b) a hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  (10) "communication common carrier" means common carrier, as defined by Section 153(h) of Title 47 of the United States Code;

  (11) "electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photo-optical system but does not include:

  (a) Any wire or oral communication;

  (b) any communication made through a tone-only paging device; or

  (c) any communication from a tracking device, as defined in section 3117, chapter 205 of title 18, United States Code;

  (12) "user" means any person or entity who:

  (a) Uses an electronic communication service; and

  (b) is duly authorized by the provider of such service to engage in such use;

  (13) "electronic communications system" means any wire, radio, electromagnetic, photo-optical or photoelectronic facilities for the transmission of electronic communications, and any computer facilities or related electronic equipment for the electronic storage of such communications;

  (14) "electronic communication service" means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications;

  (15) "readily accessible to the general public" means, with respect to a radio communication, that such communication is not:

  (a) Scrambled or encrypted;

  (b) transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential parameters have been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the privacy of such communication;

  (c) carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a radio transmission;

  (d) transmitted over a communication system provided by a common carrier, unless the communication is a tone-only paging system communication; or

  (e) transmitted on frequencies allocated under part 25, subpart D, E or F of part 74, or part 94 of the rules of the federal communications commission, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a two-way voice communication by radio;

  (16) "electronic storage" means:

  (a) Any temporary, intermediate storage of a wire or electronic communication incidental to the electronic transmission thereof; and

  (b) any storage of such communication by an electronic communication service for purposes of backup protection of such communication; and

  (17) "aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception. See Kansas Statutes 22-2514

• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Electronic communication: means the use of electronic equipment to send or transfer a copy of an original document;

  (2) "electronic communication service" and "electronic communication system" have the meaning as defined in Kan. See Kansas Statutes 22-2502

• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Guardian: means an individual or a nonprofit corporation certified in accordance with Kan. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Jury instructions: A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Magistrate judges: Judicial officers who assist U.S. district judges in getting cases ready for trial, who may decide some criminal and civil trials when both parties agree to have the case heard by a magistrate judge instead of a judge.
• Mentally ill person: means a mentally ill person as defined in Kan. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Minor: means any person defined by Kan. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes an affirmation in all cases where an affirmation may be substituted for an oath, and in similar cases "swear" includes affirm. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• oral communication: means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation, but such term does not include any electronic communication;

  (3) "intercept" means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, oral or electronic communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical or other device;

  (4) "persons" means any individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust or corporation, including any official, employee or agent of the United States or any state or any political subdivision thereof;

  (5) "investigative or law enforcement officer" means any law enforcement officer who is empowered by the law of this state to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for offenses enumerated in this act, including any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses and agents of the United States federal bureau of investigation, drug enforcement administration, marshals service, secret service, treasury department, customs service, justice department and internal revenue service;

  (6) "contents" when used with respect to any wire, oral or electronic communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of such communication;

  (7) "aggrieved person" means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire, oral or electronic communication or a person against whom the interception was directed;

  (8) "judge of competent jurisdiction" means a justice of the supreme court, a judge of the court of appeals or any district judge but does not include a district magistrate judge;

  (9) "electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus which can be used to intercept a wire, oral or electronic communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by such subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of its business or (ii) being used by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law enforcement officer in the ordinary course of the officer's duties; or

  (b) a hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  (10) "communication common carrier" means common carrier, as defined by Section 153(h) of Title 47 of the United States Code;

  (11) "electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photo-optical system but does not include:

  (a) Any wire or oral communication;

  (b) any communication made through a tone-only paging device; or

  (c) any communication from a tracking device, as defined in section 3117, chapter 205 of title 18, United States Code;

  (12) "user" means any person or entity who:

  (a) Uses an electronic communication service; and

  (b) is duly authorized by the provider of such service to engage in such use;

  (13) "electronic communications system" means any wire, radio, electromagnetic, photo-optical or photoelectronic facilities for the transmission of electronic communications, and any computer facilities or related electronic equipment for the electronic storage of such communications;

  (14) "electronic communication service" means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications;

  (15) "readily accessible to the general public" means, with respect to a radio communication, that such communication is not:

  (a) Scrambled or encrypted;

  (b) transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential parameters have been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the privacy of such communication;

  (c) carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a radio transmission;

  (d) transmitted over a communication system provided by a common carrier, unless the communication is a tone-only paging system communication; or

  (e) transmitted on frequencies allocated under part 25, subpart D, E or F of part 74, or part 94 of the rules of the federal communications commission, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a two-way voice communication by radio;

  (16) "electronic storage" means:

  (a) Any temporary, intermediate storage of a wire or electronic communication incidental to the electronic transmission thereof; and

  (b) any storage of such communication by an electronic communication service for purposes of backup protection of such communication; and

  (17) "aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception. See Kansas Statutes 22-2514

• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Property: includes personal and real property. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Ranking minority member: The highest ranking (and usually longest serving) minority member of a committee or subcommittee.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Residence: means the place which is adopted by a person as the person's place of habitation and to which, whenever the person is absent, the person has the intention of returning. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• seal: includes an impression of the seal upon the paper alone, as well as upon wax or a wafer affixed to the paper. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Sentencing guidelines: A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• tracking data: means information gathered or recorded by a tracking device;

  (4) "tracking device" means an electronic or mechanical device that permits a person to remotely determine or track the position or movement of a person or object. See Kansas Statutes 22-2502

• Tracking device: includes , but is not limited to, a device that stores geographic data for subsequent access or analysis and a device that allows for the real-time monitoring of movement; and

  (5) "victim" shall include any victim of an alleged crime that resulted in the issuance of the search warrant, or, if the victim is deceased, the victim's family, as defined in Kan. See Kansas Statutes 22-2502

• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trial jury: A group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides at trial and determine the facts in dispute. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. Federal civil juries consist of six persons.
• usual place of abode: when applied to the service of any process or notice, means the place usually occupied by a person. See Kansas Statutes 77-201
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• victim: shall include any victim of an alleged crime that resulted in the issuance of the search warrant, or, if the victim is deceased, the victim's family, as defined in Kan. See Kansas Statutes 22-2502
• Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
• Wire communication: means any aural transfer made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable or other like connection between the point of origin and the point of reception, including the use of such connection in a switching station, furnished or operated by any person engaged in providing or operating such facilities for the transmission of intrastate, interstate or foreign communications. See Kansas Statutes 22-2514
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.