Kentucky Statutes 150.175 – Kinds of licenses and tags — Multiyear licenses or permits
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The kinds of licenses and tags authorized by this chapter, and the acts authorized to be performed under the licenses and tags, subject to the other provisions of this chapter and subject to administrative regulations promulgated under this chapter, shall be as follows:
(1) Statewide resident sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to take fishes by angling, or take crayfish by a minnow seine, or by hand, to take minnows by the use of a minnow seine, minnow trap, or dip net, or to take fishes by grabbing, gigging, snagging, snaring, jugging, and bow and arrow, and to take frogs and turtles from any waters in any county of this state open for such purposes and subject to the limitations in this chapter and additional limitations that the department may from time to time prescribe. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
(2) A short-term sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts authorized by a statewide sport fishing license and subject to the same limitations or prescribed administrative regulations. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
(3) A resident commercial fishing license and a nonresident commercial fishing license, which authorize a holder to perform any act authorized by a sport fishing license and to take rough fishes from the waters of the state by the use of commercial fishing gear as prescribed by administrative regulation. The license shall also authorize the holder to sell rough fishes, other than those protected by administrative regulation;
(4) A commercial fishing gear tag, which shall be attached to each piece of commercial fishing gear including hoop nets, slat traps, trotline, wing nets, and to each one hundred (100) feet of linear gear or portion thereof in use, including commercial seines, gill nets, or trammel nets. Commercial gear tags may be issued only to a person holding a resident or nonresident commercial fishing license;
(5) Live fish and bait dealer’s licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to sell bait and live fish as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(6) Musseling licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to take mussels for commercial purposes as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(7) A statewide resident hunting license, which authorizes the holder to take or pursue wild animals, wild birds, frogs, and turtles with gun, bow and arrow, dog, or falcon, or to participate in a fox-hunting party engaged in the hunting or pursuing of foxes with dogs for sport, according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(8) A youth statewide hunting license, which may be issued to a person before he or she has reached his or her sixteenth birthday, and which authorizes the holder to exercise all the privileges authorized by a statewide hunting license;
(9) Trapping licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to take wild animals by trapping upon his or her own lands or upon the lands of another person, if the holder of the license has first obtained oral or written consent as provided in KRS § 150.092 and administrative regulation;
(10) A taxidermist license, which authorizes the holder to engage in the act of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of wildlife;
(11) A commercial guide’s license, which authorizes the holder to guide hunting and fishing parties according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(12) Fur buyer’s licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to buy raw furs from licensed trappers and hunters and to sell raw furs so purchased. Applicants for the license shall state the number of premises to be used and shall display at each a copy of the license as furnished by the department, except that the commissioner may limit the number of copies furnished and may revoke the license for violation;
(13) A fur processor’s license, which may be issued only to a resident, a partnership, firm, or corporation of this state and which authorizes the holder to buy raw furs when in legal possession for processing, manufacture, or retention in cold storage or for resale;
(14) A nonresident sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform any act authorized by a resident statewide sport fishing license. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
(15) A nonresident annual hunting license, which authorizes the holder to perform any act authorized by a resident statewide hunting license;
(16) Shoot-to-retrieve field trial permits, four (4) day and single day, which authorize a permit holder to conduct a shoot-to-retrieve field trial on private or government- owned lands. With a four (4) day permit, all participants, whether residents or nonresidents, shall not be required to possess any other license to participate in the permitted field trial, and the permit shall expire four (4) days after the date on which the field trial began. With the single day permit, the permit is valid for one (1) day and all participants shall have a valid resident or nonresident annual Kentucky hunting license. A permit is not required to conduct a shoot-to-retrieve field trial on a licensed shooting preserve; however, all participants that take or attempt to take game shall have in their possession a resident or nonresident annual Kentucky hunting license;
(17) Game permits and youth game permits, which, in combination with a valid statewide hunting license or a valid youth statewide hunting license, authorize the holder to take or pursue the specified game species in any designated open area of this state, during the open season and according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations governing the hunting;
(18) A combination hunting and fishing license, which authorizes only resident holders to perform all acts valid under either a sport fishing or hunting license;
(19) A trout permit, which in combination with a valid statewide fishing license, authorizes the holder to take trout by angling or as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(20) A commercial waterfowl permit, which authorizes the holder to establish and operate a commercial waterfowl hunting preserve;
(21) A short-term hunting license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts
authorized by a statewide hunting license according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(22) A joint statewide resident sport fishing license issued to a husband and wife which authorizes them to take fish as provided in subsection (1) of this section. The license fee for this joint license shall be ten percent (10%) less than the license fee set by the commission for two (2) statewide resident sport fishing licenses;
(23) A Kentucky migratory bird permit, which in combination with a valid statewide hunting license and compliance with applicable federal law, authorizes the holder to take or pursue waterfowl and migratory shore or upland game birds;
(24) A pay lake license which authorizes the holder to operate privately owned impounded waters for fishing purposes for which a fee is charged;
(25) A senior sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, or a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, or migratory shore or upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is sixty-five (65) years of age or older. The senior sportsman’s hunting and fishing license shall not be valid unless the holder carries proof of residency and proof of age, as the department may require by administrative regulation, on his or her person while performing an act authorized by the license;
(26) A senior lifetime sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which remains valid until the death of the holder and authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, and a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, and migratory shore and upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is sixty-five (65) years of age or older;
(27) A disabled sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, and a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, and migratory shore and upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is:
(a) An American veteran at least fifty percent (50%) disabled as a result of a service-connected disability; or
(b) Declared permanently and totally disabled by the federal Social Security Administration, the United States Office of Personnel Management, the Kentucky Teachers’ Retirement System, the Department of Workers’ Claims or its equivalent from another state, or the United States Railroad Retirement Board.
The disabled sportsman’s hunting and fishing license shall not be valid unless the holder carries proof of residency, as the department may require by administrative regulation, on his or her person while performing an act authorized by the license;
(28) A sportsman’s license and youth sportsman’s license for residents that include annual hunting and fishing licenses and such permits as allowed by administrative regulations promulgated by the department; and
(29) A special license for residents and nonresidents for the purpose of hunting on licensed shooting areas. This license shall be valid only for the shooting areas for which it was issued and shall remain in effect for one (1) year. If the hunter holds
either a nonresident or resident statewide hunting license for the current year, the special license shall not be required.
The department may offer multiyear licenses or permits for any of the annual licenses or permits authorized in subsections (1), (7), (9), (14), (15), (17), (18), (19), (23), and (28) of this section. A multiyear license or permit shall authorize the holder to perform all acts authorized by the same license or permit if purchased annually and shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the administrative regulations promulgated hereunder. Any multiyear licenses or permits offered by the department relating to the annual licenses or permits authorized in subsections (1), (7), (9), (14), (15), (17), (18), (19), (23), and (28) of this section shall be implemented by administrative regulation and may be discontinued at any time.
Effective: March 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 139, sec. 18, effective March 29, 2023. — Amended 2013 Ky. Acts ch. 50, sec. 1, effective June 25, 2013. — Amended 2010
Ky. Acts ch. 24, sec. 175, effective July 15, 2010. — Amended 2009 Ky. Acts ch. 20, sec. 2, effective June 25, 2009. — Amended 2008 Ky. Acts ch. 42, sec. 2, effective July 15, 2008. — Amended 2006 Ky. Acts ch. 212, sec. 1, effective July 12, 2006. — amended 2000 Ky. Acts ch. 35, sec. 3, effective July 14, 2000; and ch. 459, sec. 1, effective July 14, 2000. — Amended 1998 Ky. Acts ch. 274, sec. 2, effective March
1, 1999. — Amended 1996 Ky. Acts ch. 268, sec. 2, effective July 15, 1996. — Amended 1994 Ky. Acts ch. 239, sec. 4, effective July 15, 1994. – Amended 1992
Ky. Acts ch. 353, sec. 2, effective July 14, 1992. — Amended 1990 Ky. Acts ch. 474, sec. 3, effective July 13, 1990. — Amended 1988 Ky. Acts ch. 365, sec. 3, effective July 15, 1988. — Amended 1984 Ky. Acts ch. 111, sec. 82, effective July 13, 1984; and ch. 220, sec. 1, effective July 13, 1984. — Amended 1980 Ky. Acts ch. 351, sec.
1, effective July 15, 1980. — Amended 1978 Ky. Acts ch. 178, sec. 4, effective June
17, 1978; and ch. 384, sec. 34, effective June 17, 1978. — Amended 1972 Ky. Acts ch. 273, sec. 3. — Amended 1968 Ky. Acts ch. 38, sec. 8. — Amended 1958 Ky. Acts ch. 166, sec. 1. — Amended 1956 Ky. Acts ch. 115, sec. 11. – Amended 1952 Ky. Acts ch. 200, sec. 25. — Amended 1948 Ky. Acts ch. 76, sec. 1; ch. 77, sec. 3; and ch. 78, sec. 8. — Created 1946 Ky. Acts ch. 84, sec. 3.
Legislative Research Commission Note (10/6/2005). Under the authority of KRS
7.136(1), the Reviser of Statutes has changed the internal numbering system in this statute, inserting subsection numbers [(1), (2), etc.] in place of paragraph designations [(a), (b), etc.] and deleting the subsection number at the beginning of the statute. The words in the text were not changed.
(1) Statewide resident sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to take fishes by angling, or take crayfish by a minnow seine, or by hand, to take minnows by the use of a minnow seine, minnow trap, or dip net, or to take fishes by grabbing, gigging, snagging, snaring, jugging, and bow and arrow, and to take frogs and turtles from any waters in any county of this state open for such purposes and subject to the limitations in this chapter and additional limitations that the department may from time to time prescribe. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
Terms Used In Kentucky Statutes 150.175
- Administrative regulation: means a written regulation promulgated, pursuant to
KRS Chapter 13A, by the commissioner with the approval of the commission. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010 - Angling: means the taking or attempting to take fish by hook and line in hand, rod in hand, jugging, setline, or sport fishing trotline. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Buy: includes offering to buy, acquiring, or possessing through purchase, barter, exchange, or trade. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Commission: means the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources Commission. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Commissioner: means the commissioner of the Department of Fish and Wildlife
Resources. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010 - Department: means the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Federal: refers to the United States. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Fishing: means to take or attempt to take in any manner, whether the fisherman has fish in possession or not. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Gigging: means the taking of fish by spearing or impaling on any pronged or barbed instrument attached to the end of any rigid object. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Grabbing: means the taking of fish, frogs, or turtles directly by hand or with the aid of a handled hook. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Hunting: means to take or attempt to take in any manner, whether the hunter has game in possession or not. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Impounded waters: means any public waters backed up behind a dam and includes all water upstream from the dam to the first riffle or shoal. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Jugging: means a means of fishing by which a single baited line is attached to any floating object. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- License: means any document issued by the department authorizing its holder to perform acts authorized by the license and includes any other form of authorization
in addition to or in lieu of an actual document which may be authorized by the department by administrative regulation. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010 - Migratory shore or upland game birds: means all species of migratory game birds except waterfowl. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Minnows: means all fish under six (6) inches in length, except basses, either largemouth, smallmouth or Kentucky. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Nonresident: means a person who has not established a permanent domicile in this state and has not resided in this state for thirty (30) days immediately prior to his or her application for a license. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Permit: means any document issued by the department authorizing its holder to perform acts authorized by the permit and includes tags or devices as evidence of holding a permit and includes any other form of authorization in addition to or in lieu of an actual document authorized by the department by administrative regulation. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Possess: means the act of having or taking into control. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Resident: means any person who has established permanent domicile and legal residence and has resided in this state for thirty (30) days immediately prior to his or her application for a license. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Sell: includes offering to sell, having or possessing for sale, barter, exchange, or trade. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Snagging: means the taking of fish or other aquatic animals through the use of a hand-held pole and attached line with single or multiple fish hooks in which the fish is hooked by a rapid drawing motion rather than enticement by bait. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes territories, outlying possessions, and the District of Columbia. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Take: includes pursue, shoot, hunt, wound, catch, kill, trap, snare, or capture wildlife in any way and any lesser act designed to lure, attract, or entice for these purposes. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
- Waterfowl: means all species of wild ducks, geese, swans, mergansers, and coots. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Wildlife: means any normally undomesticated animal, alive or dead, including without limitations any wild mammal, bird, fish, reptile, amphibian, or other terrestrial or aquatic life, whether or not possessed in controlled environment, bred, hatched, or born in captivity and including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, protected or unprotected by this chapter. See Kentucky Statutes 150.010
- Year: means calendar year. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
(2) A short-term sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts authorized by a statewide sport fishing license and subject to the same limitations or prescribed administrative regulations. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
(3) A resident commercial fishing license and a nonresident commercial fishing license, which authorize a holder to perform any act authorized by a sport fishing license and to take rough fishes from the waters of the state by the use of commercial fishing gear as prescribed by administrative regulation. The license shall also authorize the holder to sell rough fishes, other than those protected by administrative regulation;
(4) A commercial fishing gear tag, which shall be attached to each piece of commercial fishing gear including hoop nets, slat traps, trotline, wing nets, and to each one hundred (100) feet of linear gear or portion thereof in use, including commercial seines, gill nets, or trammel nets. Commercial gear tags may be issued only to a person holding a resident or nonresident commercial fishing license;
(5) Live fish and bait dealer’s licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to sell bait and live fish as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(6) Musseling licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to take mussels for commercial purposes as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(7) A statewide resident hunting license, which authorizes the holder to take or pursue wild animals, wild birds, frogs, and turtles with gun, bow and arrow, dog, or falcon, or to participate in a fox-hunting party engaged in the hunting or pursuing of foxes with dogs for sport, according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(8) A youth statewide hunting license, which may be issued to a person before he or she has reached his or her sixteenth birthday, and which authorizes the holder to exercise all the privileges authorized by a statewide hunting license;
(9) Trapping licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to take wild animals by trapping upon his or her own lands or upon the lands of another person, if the holder of the license has first obtained oral or written consent as provided in KRS § 150.092 and administrative regulation;
(10) A taxidermist license, which authorizes the holder to engage in the act of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of wildlife;
(11) A commercial guide’s license, which authorizes the holder to guide hunting and fishing parties according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(12) Fur buyer’s licenses, resident and nonresident, which authorize the holder to buy raw furs from licensed trappers and hunters and to sell raw furs so purchased. Applicants for the license shall state the number of premises to be used and shall display at each a copy of the license as furnished by the department, except that the commissioner may limit the number of copies furnished and may revoke the license for violation;
(13) A fur processor’s license, which may be issued only to a resident, a partnership, firm, or corporation of this state and which authorizes the holder to buy raw furs when in legal possession for processing, manufacture, or retention in cold storage or for resale;
(14) A nonresident sport fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform any act authorized by a resident statewide sport fishing license. This license shall not authorize the holder to sell fish;
(15) A nonresident annual hunting license, which authorizes the holder to perform any act authorized by a resident statewide hunting license;
(16) Shoot-to-retrieve field trial permits, four (4) day and single day, which authorize a permit holder to conduct a shoot-to-retrieve field trial on private or government- owned lands. With a four (4) day permit, all participants, whether residents or nonresidents, shall not be required to possess any other license to participate in the permitted field trial, and the permit shall expire four (4) days after the date on which the field trial began. With the single day permit, the permit is valid for one (1) day and all participants shall have a valid resident or nonresident annual Kentucky hunting license. A permit is not required to conduct a shoot-to-retrieve field trial on a licensed shooting preserve; however, all participants that take or attempt to take game shall have in their possession a resident or nonresident annual Kentucky hunting license;
(17) Game permits and youth game permits, which, in combination with a valid statewide hunting license or a valid youth statewide hunting license, authorize the holder to take or pursue the specified game species in any designated open area of this state, during the open season and according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations governing the hunting;
(18) A combination hunting and fishing license, which authorizes only resident holders to perform all acts valid under either a sport fishing or hunting license;
(19) A trout permit, which in combination with a valid statewide fishing license, authorizes the holder to take trout by angling or as may be prescribed by administrative regulation;
(20) A commercial waterfowl permit, which authorizes the holder to establish and operate a commercial waterfowl hunting preserve;
(21) A short-term hunting license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts
authorized by a statewide hunting license according to the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations of the department;
(22) A joint statewide resident sport fishing license issued to a husband and wife which authorizes them to take fish as provided in subsection (1) of this section. The license fee for this joint license shall be ten percent (10%) less than the license fee set by the commission for two (2) statewide resident sport fishing licenses;
(23) A Kentucky migratory bird permit, which in combination with a valid statewide hunting license and compliance with applicable federal law, authorizes the holder to take or pursue waterfowl and migratory shore or upland game birds;
(24) A pay lake license which authorizes the holder to operate privately owned impounded waters for fishing purposes for which a fee is charged;
(25) A senior sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, or a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, or migratory shore or upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is sixty-five (65) years of age or older. The senior sportsman’s hunting and fishing license shall not be valid unless the holder carries proof of residency and proof of age, as the department may require by administrative regulation, on his or her person while performing an act authorized by the license;
(26) A senior lifetime sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which remains valid until the death of the holder and authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, and a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, and migratory shore and upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is sixty-five (65) years of age or older;
(27) A disabled sportsman’s hunting and fishing license, which authorizes the holder to perform all acts valid under a sport fishing license, a sport hunting license, and a state permit to take deer, turkey, trout, waterfowl, and migratory shore and upland game birds, and which shall be available to a Kentucky resident who is:
(a) An American veteran at least fifty percent (50%) disabled as a result of a service-connected disability; or
(b) Declared permanently and totally disabled by the federal Social Security Administration, the United States Office of Personnel Management, the Kentucky Teachers’ Retirement System, the Department of Workers’ Claims or its equivalent from another state, or the United States Railroad Retirement Board.
The disabled sportsman’s hunting and fishing license shall not be valid unless the holder carries proof of residency, as the department may require by administrative regulation, on his or her person while performing an act authorized by the license;
(28) A sportsman’s license and youth sportsman’s license for residents that include annual hunting and fishing licenses and such permits as allowed by administrative regulations promulgated by the department; and
(29) A special license for residents and nonresidents for the purpose of hunting on licensed shooting areas. This license shall be valid only for the shooting areas for which it was issued and shall remain in effect for one (1) year. If the hunter holds
either a nonresident or resident statewide hunting license for the current year, the special license shall not be required.
The department may offer multiyear licenses or permits for any of the annual licenses or permits authorized in subsections (1), (7), (9), (14), (15), (17), (18), (19), (23), and (28) of this section. A multiyear license or permit shall authorize the holder to perform all acts authorized by the same license or permit if purchased annually and shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the administrative regulations promulgated hereunder. Any multiyear licenses or permits offered by the department relating to the annual licenses or permits authorized in subsections (1), (7), (9), (14), (15), (17), (18), (19), (23), and (28) of this section shall be implemented by administrative regulation and may be discontinued at any time.
Effective: March 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 139, sec. 18, effective March 29, 2023. — Amended 2013 Ky. Acts ch. 50, sec. 1, effective June 25, 2013. — Amended 2010
Ky. Acts ch. 24, sec. 175, effective July 15, 2010. — Amended 2009 Ky. Acts ch. 20, sec. 2, effective June 25, 2009. — Amended 2008 Ky. Acts ch. 42, sec. 2, effective July 15, 2008. — Amended 2006 Ky. Acts ch. 212, sec. 1, effective July 12, 2006. — amended 2000 Ky. Acts ch. 35, sec. 3, effective July 14, 2000; and ch. 459, sec. 1, effective July 14, 2000. — Amended 1998 Ky. Acts ch. 274, sec. 2, effective March
1, 1999. — Amended 1996 Ky. Acts ch. 268, sec. 2, effective July 15, 1996. — Amended 1994 Ky. Acts ch. 239, sec. 4, effective July 15, 1994. – Amended 1992
Ky. Acts ch. 353, sec. 2, effective July 14, 1992. — Amended 1990 Ky. Acts ch. 474, sec. 3, effective July 13, 1990. — Amended 1988 Ky. Acts ch. 365, sec. 3, effective July 15, 1988. — Amended 1984 Ky. Acts ch. 111, sec. 82, effective July 13, 1984; and ch. 220, sec. 1, effective July 13, 1984. — Amended 1980 Ky. Acts ch. 351, sec.
1, effective July 15, 1980. — Amended 1978 Ky. Acts ch. 178, sec. 4, effective June
17, 1978; and ch. 384, sec. 34, effective June 17, 1978. — Amended 1972 Ky. Acts ch. 273, sec. 3. — Amended 1968 Ky. Acts ch. 38, sec. 8. — Amended 1958 Ky. Acts ch. 166, sec. 1. — Amended 1956 Ky. Acts ch. 115, sec. 11. – Amended 1952 Ky. Acts ch. 200, sec. 25. — Amended 1948 Ky. Acts ch. 76, sec. 1; ch. 77, sec. 3; and ch. 78, sec. 8. — Created 1946 Ky. Acts ch. 84, sec. 3.
Legislative Research Commission Note (10/6/2005). Under the authority of KRS
7.136(1), the Reviser of Statutes has changed the internal numbering system in this statute, inserting subsection numbers [(1), (2), etc.] in place of paragraph designations [(a), (b), etc.] and deleting the subsection number at the beginning of the statute. The words in the text were not changed.