Terms Used In Louisiana Revised Statutes > Title 51 > Chapter 2 > Part X - Louisiana Securities Law

• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficial owner: means , with regard to any securities, any person who owns such securities or who enjoys benefits substantially equivalent to ownership. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of financial institutions who is also the commissioner of securities. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dealer: means every person, other than a salesman registered under this Part, who engages, either for all or part of his time, directly or indirectly, as agent, broker, or principal in the business of offering, buying, selling, or otherwise dealing or trading in securities issued by another person but does not include:

  (i)  A bank chartered and issued a certificate of authority by the state of Louisiana and under the supervision of the commissioner of financial institutions, a national bank chartered by the government of the United States and under the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency of the United States, a bank holding company organized under the laws of the state of Louisiana and under the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, or the employees of such banks or bank holding companies acting in their official capacity. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executive officer: means the president, the principal financial officer, the principal operating officer, each vice president with responsibility involving policy-making functions for a significant aspect of a person's business, the secretary, the treasurer, or any other person performing similar functions with respect to any organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Federal covered adviser: means a person who is registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Federal covered security: means any security that is a covered security under Section 18(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 or rules promulgated thereunder. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Investment adviser: means any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, or who, for compensation and as a part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Investment adviser representative: means any partner, officer, director, or a person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions, or other individual, except clerical or ministerial personnel, who is employed by or associated with an investment adviser that is registered or required to be registered under this Part, and who does any of the following:

  (a)  Makes any recommendations or otherwise renders advice regarding securities. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Issuer: means every person who issues or proposes to issue any security, except that with respect to certificates of deposit, voting-trust certificates, or collateral-trust certificates or with respect to certificates of interest or shares in an unincorporated investment trust not having a board of directors or persons performing similar functions or in an unincorporated investment trust of the fixed, restricted management, or unit type, the term "issuer" means the person or persons performing the acts and assuming the duties of depositor or manager pursuant to the provisions of the trust or other agreement or instrument under which such securities are issued, except that:

  (a)  In the case of an unincorporated association which provides by its articles for limited liability of any or all of its members or in the case of a trust, committee, or other legal entity, the trustees or members thereof shall not be individually liable as issuers of any security issued by the association, trust, committee, or other legal entity. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Majority owned subsidiary: means a subsidiary more than fifty percent of whose outstanding securities representing the right, other than as affected by events of default, to vote for the election of directors is owned by the subsidiary's parent, by one or more of the parent's other majority owned subsidiaries, or by the subsidiary's parent and one or more of the parent's other majority-owned subsidiaries. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• offer: shall include every attempt or offer to dispose of or solicitation of an offer to buy a security or interest in a security for value. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Parent: when used with reference to a specified person, means an affiliate controlling such person directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a trust where the interest of the beneficiaries is evidenced by a security, or any unincorporated organization. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Prospectus: means any notice, circular, advertisement, sales literature, letter, offering circular, offering sheet, or communication, written or by radio or television, which offers any security for sale or which is used in connection with any such offer or which confirms the sale of any security, except that:

  (a)  A confirmation of the sale of a security which is sent or given after the effective date of the registration statement shall not be deemed a prospectus if it is proved that prior to or at the same time with such confirmation a written prospectus, meeting the requirements of Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• Salesman: means an individual, other than a dealer registered under this Part, employed, appointed, or authorized by a dealer or by an issuer, to sell securities in this state, but does not include any person specified in Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Securities of the same class: means :

  (a)  All common stock of an issuer, regardless of varying series or designations, and all securities convertible into common stock or conferring the right to acquire common stock. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Security: means any note; stock; treasury stock; bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement; collateral-trust certificate; preorganization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting-trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights; any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof); or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security"; or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• sell: means and shall include every contract of sale or disposition of a security or interest in a security for value. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Significant subsidiary: means a subsidiary meeting any one of the following conditions:

  (a)  The assets of the subsidiary or the investments in and advances to the subsidiary by its parent and the parent's other subsidiaries, if any, exceed ten percent of the assets of the parent and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• State: means any state (or a designated state), territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subsidiary: when used with reference to a specified person, means an affiliate controlled by such person, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• under common control with: means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702
• Underwriter: means any person who has purchased from an issuer or an affiliate of an issuer with a view to the distribution or offers or sells for an issuer or an affiliate of an issuer in connection with the distribution of any security or participates or has a direct or indirect participation in any such undertaking or participates or has a participation in the direct or indirect underwriting of any such undertaking, provided that:

  (a)  A person shall be presumed not to be an underwriter with respect to any securities which he has owned beneficially for at least one year. See Louisiana Revised Statutes 51:702

• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.