Terms Used In Minnesota Statutes > Chapter 27 - Farm Products Dealers

• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Adult: means an individual 18 years of age or older. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Chair: includes chairman, chairwoman, and chairperson. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• children: includes children by birth or adoption;

  (9) "day" comprises the time from midnight to the next midnight;

  (10) "fiscal year" means the year by or for which accounts are reckoned;

  (11) "hereafter" means a reference to the time after the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

  (12) "heretofore" means a reference to the time previous to the time when the law containing such word takes effect;

  (13) "judicial sale" means a sale conducted by an officer or person authorized for the purpose by some competent tribunal;

  (14) "minor" means an individual under the age of 18 years;

  (15) "money" means lawful money of the United States;

  (16) "night time" means the time from sunset to sunrise;

  (17) "non compos mentis" refers to an individual of unsound mind;

  (18) "notary" means a notary public;

  (19) "now" in any provision of a law referring to other laws in force, or to persons in office, or to any facts or circumstances as existing, relates to the laws in force, or to the persons in office, or to the facts or circumstances existing, respectively, on the effective date of such provision;

  (20) "verified" when used in reference to writings, means supported by oath or affirmation. See Minnesota Statutes 645.45

• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• court administrator: means the court administrator of the court in which the action or proceeding is pending, and "court administrator's office" means that court administrator's office. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Custody determination: means a court decision and court orders and instructions providing for the custody of a child, including parenting time, but does not include a decision relating to child support or any other monetary obligation of any person. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Direct supervision: means :

  (1) an unlicensed individual is being directly supervised by an individual licensed to perform the elevator work being supervised during the entire time the unlicensed individual is performing elevator work;

  (2) the licensed individual is physically present at the location where the unlicensed individual is performing elevator work and immediately available to the unlicensed individual at all times for assistance and direction;

  (3) the licensed individual shall review the elevator work performed by the unlicensed individual before the elevator work is operated; and

  (4) the licensed individual is able to and does determine that all elevator work performed by the unlicensed individual is performed in compliance with the elevator code. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163

• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Dower: A widow
• elevator: means moving walks and vertical transportation devices such as escalators, passenger elevators, freight elevators, dumbwaiters, hand-powered elevators, endless belt lifts, and platform lifts. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Elevator contractor: means a licensed contractor whose responsible licensed individual is a master elevator constructor. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Elevator inspection: means an examination of elevator installations, repairs, alterations, removal, and construction for compliance with the State Building Code that may include witnessing tests performed on elevators by elevator personnel, performing tests on elevators, or an audit of records related to routine and periodic maintenance and testing, or any combination thereof when performed by the department or a municipality authorized to perform such inspections. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Elevator inspector: means an individual who meets the requirements established pursuant to section 326B. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Elevator work: means the installing, maintaining, altering, repairing, testing, planning, or laying out of elevator apparatus or equipment as covered by Minnesota Rules, chapters 1307 and 1315. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• full age: means 18 years of age or older. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
• Journeyworker elevator constructor: means an individual having the necessary qualifications, training, experience, and technical knowledge to install, maintain, alter, test, and repair apparatus and equipment for elevators, including electrical wiring on the load side of the elevator equipment disconnect and who is licensed as a journeyworker elevator constructor by the commissioner. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Limited elevator contractor: means a licensed contractor whose responsible licensed individual is a limited master elevator constructor. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Limited elevator work: means the installing, maintaining, altering, repairing, testing, planning, or laying out of residential elevators, platform lifts, stairway chairlifts, dumbwaiters, material lifts, limited use or limited application elevator equipment, conveyors, and special purpose personnel elevators as covered by Minnesota Rules, chapters 1307 and 1315. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Limited journeyworker elevator constructor: means an individual having the necessary qualifications, training, experience, and technical knowledge to install, maintain, alter, test, and repair apparatus and equipment for residential elevators, platform lifts, stairway chairlifts, dumbwaiters, material lifts, limited use or limited application elevator equipment, conveyors, and special purpose personnel elevators, including electrical wiring on the load side of the elevator equipment disconnect and who is licensed as a limited journeyworker elevator constructor by the commissioner. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Limited master elevator constructor: means an individual having the necessary qualifications, training, experience, and technical knowledge to properly plan, lay out, supervise, and perform the testing, altering, installation, maintenance, and repair of wiring, apparatus, and equipment for residential elevators, platform lifts, stairway chairlifts, dumbwaiters, material lifts, limited use or limited application elevator equipment, conveyors, and special purpose personnel elevators, including wiring on the load side of the elevator equipment disconnect and who is licensed as a limited master elevator constructor by the commissioner. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• local registrar: means an individual designated by the county board of commissioners to register civil marriages. See Minnesota Statutes 517.001
• Maintenance: means an award made in a dissolution or legal separation proceeding of payments from the future income or earnings of one spouse for the support and maintenance of the other. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Majority: means with respect to an individual the period of time after the individual reaches the age of 18. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
• Marital property: means property, real or personal, including vested public or private pension plan benefits or rights, acquired by the parties, or either of them, to a dissolution, legal separation, or annulment proceeding at any time during the existence of the marriage relation between them, or at any time during which the parties were living together as husband and wife under a purported marriage relationship which is annulled in an annulment proceeding, but prior to the date of valuation under section 518. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Master elevator constructor: means an individual having the necessary qualifications, training, experience, and technical knowledge to properly plan, lay out, supervise, and perform the installation, maintenance, altering, testing, wiring, and repair of apparatus and equipment for elevators, including electrical wiring on the load side of the elevator equipment disconnect and who is licensed as a master elevator constructor by the commissioner. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Minor: means an individual under the age of 18. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
• Minority: means with respect to an individual the period of time during which the individual is a minor. See Minnesota Statutes 645.451
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed; and "year" is equivalent to the expression "year of our Lord. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Nonmarital property: means property real or personal, acquired by either spouse before, during, or after the existence of their marriage, which

  (a) is acquired as a gift, bequest, devise or inheritance made by a third party to one but not to the other spouse;

  (b) is acquired before the marriage;

  (c) is acquired in exchange for or is the increase in value of property which is described in clauses (a), (b), (d), and (e);

  (d) is acquired by a spouse after the valuation date; or

  (e) is excluded by a valid antenuptial contract. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003

• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases "swear" includes "affirm" and "sworn" "affirmed. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Parenting time: means the time a parent spends with a child regardless of the custodial designation regarding the child. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Pension plan benefits or rights: means a benefit or right from a public or private pension plan accrued to the end of the month in which marital assets are valued, as determined under the terms of the laws or other plan document provisions governing the plan, including section 356. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Private pension plan: means a plan, fund, or program maintained by an employer or employee organization that provides retirement income to employees or results in a deferral of income by employees for a period extending to the termination of covered employment or beyond. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Public member: means a person who is not, or never was, a member of the profession or occupation being licensed or regulated or the spouse of any such person, or a person who does not have or has never had, a material financial interest in either the providing of the professional service being licensed or regulated, or an activity directly related to the profession or occupation being licensed or regulated. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Registered unlicensed elevator constructor: means an individual who has registered with the department but is not licensed by the commissioner to perform elevator work. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Residence: means the place where a party has established a permanent home from which the party has no present intention of moving. See Minnesota Statutes 518.003
• Residential dwelling: is a single dwelling unit that is contained in a one-family, two-family, or multifamily dwelling. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Responsible licensed individual: means an individual licensed as a master elevator constructor or limited master elevator constructor who is identified as the responsible licensed individual on an elevator contractor license application. See Minnesota Statutes 326B.163
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• seal: includes an impression thereof upon the paper alone, as well as an impression on a wafer, wax, or other substance thereto attached. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Tax: means any fee, charge, exaction, or assessment imposed by a governmental entity on an individual, person, entity, transaction, good, service, or other thing. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
• Tenancy by the entirety: A type of joint tenancy between husband and wife that is recognized in some States. Neither party can sever the joint tenancy relationship; when a spouse dies, the survivor acquires full title to the property.
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• verified: when used in reference to writings, means supported by oath or affirmation. See Minnesota Statutes 645.45
• Violate: includes failure to comply with. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44