Immediately after the appointment and qualification of a state treasurer, made to fill any vacancy occurring in said office, or the resumption of his duties by said officer, after the removal of any disability or temporary suspension therefrom the general assembly if in session, or, if such assembly be not in session, then the governor, shall cause a settlement to be made of the accounts of the former state treasurer, or any such office ad interim, remaining unsettled, and ascertain what balance, if any, is due the state or such officer, as the case may be.