1. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at any meeting, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders; provided, that in no event shall a quorum consist of less than a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, but less than such quorum shall have the right successively to adjourn the meeting as provided in section 351.268. Shares represented by a proxy which directs that the shares abstain from voting or that a vote be withheld on a matter, shall be deemed to be represented at the meeting for quorum purposes. Shares as to which voting instructions are given as to at least one of the matters to be voted on shall also be deemed to be so represented. If the proxy states how shares will be voted in the absence of instructions by the shareholder, such shares shall be deemed to be represented at the meeting.

2. In all matters, every decision of a majority of shares entitled to vote on the subject matter and represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid as an act of the shareholders, unless a larger vote is required by this chapter, the bylaws, or the articles of incorporation, provided that in the case of cumulative voting in the election of directors pursuant to subsection 3 of section 351.245, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares entitled to vote on the election of the directors and represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, shares represented by a proxy which directs that the shares abstain from voting or that a vote be withheld on a matter shall be deemed to be represented at the meeting as to such matter. Shares represented by a proxy as to which voting instructions are not given as to one or more matters to be voted on shall not be deemed to be represented at the meeting for purposes of the vote as to such matter or matters. A proxy which states how shares will be voted in the absence of instructions by the shareholder as to any matter shall be deemed to give voting instructions as to such matter.

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3. Any person who represents a falsified proxy pursuant to this section which the person knows is false in any material respect shall be guilty of an infraction.