Montana Code 30-3-405. Impostors — fictitious payees
30-3-405. Impostors — fictitious payees. (1) If an impostor by use of the mails or otherwise induces the maker or drawer of an instrument to issue the instrument to the impostor or to a person acting in concert with the impostor by impersonating the payee of the instrument or a person authorized to act for the payee, an indorsement of the instrument by any person in the name of the payee is effective as the indorsement of the payee in favor of any person who in good faith pays the instrument or takes it for value or for collection.
Terms Used In Montana Code 30-3-405
- Drawer: means a person that signs a draft as a person ordering payment. See Montana Code 30-3-102
- Good faith: means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Montana Code 30-3-102
- Maker: means a person that signs a note as promisor of payment. See Montana Code 30-3-102
- Person: includes a corporation or other entity as well as a natural person. See Montana Code 1-1-201
(2)If a person whose intent determines to whom an instrument is payable (30-3-126(1) or (2)) does not intend the person identified as payee to have any interest in the instrument or if the person identified as payee of an instrument is a fictitious person, the following rules apply until the instrument is negotiated by special indorsement:
(a)Any person in possession of the instrument is its holder.
(b)An indorsement by any person in the name of the payee stated in the instrument is effective as the indorsement of the payee in favor of any person who in good faith pays the instrument or takes it for value or for collection.
(3)Under subsection (1) or (2), an indorsement is made in the name of a payee if:
(a)it is made in a name substantially similar to that of the payee; or
(b)the instrument, whether or not indorsed, is deposited in a depositary bank to an account in a name substantially similar to that of the payee.
(4)With respect to an instrument to which subsection (1) or (2) applies, if a person paying the instrument or taking it for value or for collection fails to exercise ordinary care in paying or taking the instrument and that failure substantially contributes to loss resulting from payment of the instrument, the person bearing the loss may recover from the person failing to exercise ordinary care to the extent the failure to exercise ordinary care contributed to the loss.