New Mexico Statutes 61-29-2. Definitions and exceptions
A. As used in N.M. Stat. Ann. Chapter 61, Article 29:
Terms Used In New Mexico Statutes 61-29-2
- Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
- Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
- Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
- Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
- Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
- Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
(1) “agency relationship” means the fiduciary relationship created solely by an express written agency agreement between a person and a brokerage, authorizing the brokerage to act as an agent for the person according to the scope of authority granted in that express written agreement for real estate services subject to the jurisdiction of the commission;
(2) “agent” means the brokerage authorized, solely by means of an express written agreement, to act as a fiduciary for a person and to provide real estate services that are subject to the jurisdiction of the commission; in the case of an associate broker, “agent” means the person who has been authorized to act by that associate broker’s qualifying broker;
(3) “associate broker” means a person who, for compensation or other valuable consideration, is associated with or engaged under contract by a qualifying broker to carry on the qualifying broker’s business as a whole or partial vocation, and:
(a) lists, sells or offers to sell real estate; buys or offers to buy real estate; or negotiates the purchase, sale or exchange of real estate or options on real estate;
(b) is engaged in managing property for others;
(c) leases, rents or auctions or offers to lease, rent or auction real estate;
(d) advertises or makes any representation as being engaged in the business of buying, selling, exchanging, renting, leasing, auctioning or dealing with options on real estate for others as a whole or partial vocation; or
(e) engages in the business of charging an advance fee or contracting for collection of a fee in connection with a contract under which the qualifying broker undertakes primarily to promote the sale of real estate through its listing in a publication issued primarily for that purpose or for the purpose of referral of information concerning real estate to other qualifying brokers or associate brokers;
(4) “auctioneer” means a person who auctions or offers to auction real property;
(5) “brokerage” means a licensed qualifying broker and the licensed real estate business represented by the qualifying broker and its affiliated licensees;
(6) “brokerage relationship” means the legal or contractual relationship between a person and a brokerage in a real estate transaction subject to the jurisdiction of the commission;
(7) “client” means a person who has entered into an express written agreement with a brokerage for real estate services subject to the jurisdiction of the commission;
(8) “commercial real estate” means real estate that is zoned: (a) for business or commercial use by a city or county; or
(b) by a city or county to allow five or more multifamily units; provided that all units are located on a single parcel of land with a single legal description;
(9) “commission” means the New Mexico real estate commission;
(10) “customer” means a person who uses real estate services without entering into an express written agreement with a brokerage subject to the jurisdiction of the commission;
(11) “foreign broker” means a real estate broker who does not hold a real estate license issued by the commission, but who holds a current and valid real estate broker’s license issued by another state in the United States, a province of Canada or any other sovereign nation;
(12) “license” means a qualifying broker’s license or an associate broker’s license issued by the commission;
(13) “licensee” means a person holding a valid qualifying broker’s license or an associate broker’s license subject to the jurisdiction of the commission;
(14) “nonresident licensee” means an associate or qualifying broker holding a real estate license issued by the commission and whose license application address is not within the state of New Mexico;
(15) “property management” means real estate services as specified by a management agreement that include marketing, showing, renting and leasing of real property; collection and disbursement of funds on behalf of the owner; supervision of employees and vendors; coordination of maintenance and repairs; management of tenant relations; and preparation of leases or rental agreements, financial reports and other documents. “Property management” does not mean inspections of property, repairs and maintenance incidental to the sale and marketing of property as authorized by the owner or the management of a condominium or homeowner association or advertising or taking reservations for vacation rental properties;
(16) “qualifying broker” means a licensed real estate broker who has qualified a proprietorship, corporation, partnership or association to do business as a real estate brokerage in the state of New Mexico, who discharges the responsibilities specific to a qualifying broker as defined by the commission and who for compensation or other consideration from another:
(a) lists, sells or offers to sell real estate; buys or offers to buy real estate; or negotiates the purchase, sale or exchange of real estate or options on real estate;
(b) is engaged in managing property for others;
(c) leases, rents or auctions or offers to lease, rent or auction real estate;
(d) advertises or makes any representation as being engaged in the business of buying, selling, exchanging, renting, leasing, auctioning or dealing with options on real estate for others as a whole or partial vocation; or
(e) engages in the business of charging an advance fee or contracting for collection of a fee in connection with a contract under which the qualifying broker undertakes primarily to promote the sale of real estate through its listing in a publication issued primarily for that purpose or for the purpose of referral of information concerning real estate to other qualifying brokers or associate brokers;
(17) “real estate” means land, improvements, leaseholds and other interests in real property that are less than a fee simple ownership interest, whether tangible or intangible; and
(18) “transaction broker” means a qualifying broker, associate broker or brokerage that provides real estate services without entering into an agency relationship.
B. A single act of a person in performing or attempting to perform an activity described in Paragraph (16) of Subsection A of this section makes the person a qualifying broker. A single act of a person in performing or attempting to perform an activity described in Paragraph (3) of Subsection A of this section makes the person an associate broker.
C. The provisions of N.M. Stat. Ann. Chapter 61, Article 29 do not apply to:
(1) a person who as owner performs any of the activities included in this section with reference to property owned by the person, except when the sale or offering for sale of the property constitutes a subdivision containing one hundred or more parcels;
(2) the employees of the owner or the employees of a qualifying broker acting on behalf of the owner, with respect to the property owned, if the acts are performed in the regular course of or incident to the management of the property and the investments;
(3) isolated or sporadic transactions not exceeding two transactions annually in which a person acts as attorney-in-fact under a duly executed power of attorney delivered by an owner authorizing the person to finally consummate and to perform under any contract the sale, leasing or exchange of real estate on behalf of the owner; and the owner or attorney-in-fact has not used a power of attorney for the purpose of evading the provisions of N.M. Stat. Ann. Chapter 61, Article 29;
(4) transactions in which a person acts as attorney-in-fact under a duly executed power of attorney delivered by an owner related to the attorney-in-fact within the fourth degree of consanguinity or closer, authorizing the person to finally consummate and to perform under any contract for the sale, leasing or exchange of real estate on behalf of the owner;
(5) the services rendered by an attorney at law in the performance of the attorney’s duties as an attorney at law;
(6) a person acting in the capacity of a receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, administrator or executor, a person selling real estate pursuant to an order of any court or a trustee acting under a trust agreement, deed of trust or will or the regular salaried employee of a trustee;
(7) the activities of a salaried employee of a governmental agency acting within the scope of employment;
(8) persons who deal exclusively in mineral leases or the sale or purchase of mineral rights or royalties in any case in which the fee to the land or the surface rights are in no way involved in the transaction; or
(9) an auctioneer; provided that payments to an auctioneer for services rendered in connection with an auction shall be made to the auctioneer by a qualifying broker, and prior to performing an auction of real estate, the auctioneer shall enter into a transaction-specific written agreement with a qualifying broker that includes:
(a) a description of the parties, the real estate and any additional information necessary to identify the specific transaction governed by the agreement;
broker;
(b) the terms of compensation between the auctioneer and the qualifying (c) the effective date and definitive termination date of the agreement; and
(d) a statement that the auctioneer agrees to: 1) cooperate fully with the qualifying broker and all associate brokers designated by the qualifying broker; 2) conduct all contact with parties, including the general public and other brokers, in association with the qualifying broker or associate brokers designated by the qualifying broker; and 3) conduct all marketing and solicitations for business in the name of the qualifying broker.