North Dakota Code 12.1-03-02 – Corporate and limited liability company criminal responsibility
1. A corporation or a limited liability company may be convicted of:
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 12.1-03-02
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- following: when used by way of reference to a chapter or other part of a statute means the next preceding or next following chapter or other part. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Individual: means a human being. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Offense: means conduct for which a term of imprisonment or a fine is authorized by statute after conviction. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Omission: means a failure to act. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- person: includes , where relevant, a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
a. Any offense committed by an agent of the corporation or limited liability company within the scope of the agent’s employment on the basis of conduct authorized, requested, or commanded, by any of the following or a combination of them:
(1) The board of directors or the board of governors.
(2) An executive officer, executive manager, or any other agent in a position of comparable authority with respect to the formulation of policy or the supervision in a managerial capacity of subordinate employees.
(3) Any person, whether or not an officer of the corporation, who controls the corporation or is responsibly involved in forming its policy.
(4) Any person, whether or not a manager of the limited liability company, who controls the limited liability company or is responsibly involved in forming its policy.
(5) Any other person for whose act or omission the statute defining the offense provides corporate or limited liability company responsibility for offenses.
b. Any offense consisting of an omission to discharge a specific duty of affirmative conduct imposed on a corporation or a limited liability company by law.
c. Any misdemeanor committed by an agent of the corporation or the limited liability company within the scope of the agent’s employment.
d. Any offense for which an individual may be convicted without proof of culpability, committed by an agent of the corporation or the limited liability company within the scope of the agent’s employment.
2. It is no defense that an individual upon whose conduct liability of the corporation or the limited liability company for an offense is based has been acquitted, has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense, is immune from prosecution, or is otherwise not subject to justice.