North Dakota Code 12.1-17-07.2 – Distribution of intimate images without or against consent – Penalty
1. As used in this section:
Attorney's Note
Under the North Dakota Code, punishments for crimes depend on the classification. In the case of this section:| Class | Prison | Fine |
|---|---|---|
| Class A misdemeanor | up to 360 days | up to $3,000 |
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 12.1-17-07.2
- Female: means a girl, woman, or an individual whose biological reproductive system is developed to produce ova. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Harm: means loss, disadvantage, or injury to the person affected, and includes loss, disadvantage, or injury to any other person in whose welfare the person affected is interested. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Individual: means a human being. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Male: means a boy, man, or an individual whose biological reproductive system is developed to produce sperm. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Offense: means conduct for which a term of imprisonment or a fine is authorized by statute after conviction. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- person: includes , where relevant, a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Sex: means the biological state of being male or female, based on the individual's nonambiguous sex organs, chromosomes, or endogenous hormone profiles at birth. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
a. “Distribute” means selling, exhibiting, displaying, wholesaling, retailing, providing, giving, granting admission to, providing access to, or otherwise transferring or presenting an image to another individual, with or without consideration.
b. “Hosting company” means a person that provides services or facilities for storing or distributing content over the internet without editorial or creative alteration of the content.
c. “Intimate image” means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts:
(1) Exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (2) A female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or
(3) The individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct.
d. “Service provider” means an internet service provider, including a person who leases or rents a wire or cable for the transmission of data.
e. “Sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated:
(1) Sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; (2) Masturbation; (3) Bestiality; (4) Sadistic or masochistic activities; (5) Exhibition of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast of any individual; (6) Visual depiction of nudity or partial nudity; (7) Fondling or touching of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast; or
(8) Explicit representation of the defecation or urination functions.
f. “Simulated sexually explicit conduct” means a feigned or pretended act of sexually explicit conduct that duplicates, within the perception of an average person, the appearance of an actual act of sexually explicit conduct.
2. A person commits the offense of distribution of intimate images if the person knowingly or intentionally distributes to any third party any intimate image of an individual eighteen years of age or older, if:
a. The person knows that the depicted individual has not given consent to the person to distribute the intimate image; b. The intimate image was created by or provided to the person under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy; and c. Actual emotional distress or harm is caused to the individual as a result of the distribution under this section.
3. This section does not apply to:
a. Lawful practices of law enforcement agencies; b. Prosecutorial agency functions; c. The reporting of a criminal offense; d. Court proceedings or any other judicial proceeding; e. Lawful and generally accepted medical practices and procedures; f. An intimate image if the individual portrayed in the image voluntarily allows public exposure of the image; or
g. An intimate image that is portrayed in a lawful commercial setting.
4. This section also does not apply to:
a. An internet service provider or interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2); b. A provider of an electronic communications service, as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2510; c. A telecommunications service, information service, or mobile service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 153, including a commercial mobile service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 332(d); d. A cable operator, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 552, if:
(1) The distribution of an intimate image by the cable operator occurs only incidentally through the operator’s function of:
(a) Transmitting or routing data from one person to another person; or
(b) Providing a connection between one person and another person; (2) The operator does not intentionally aid or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and
(3) The operator does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the operator, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute the intimate image; or
e. A hosting company, if:
(1) The distribution of an intimate image by the hosting company occurs only incidentally through the hosting company’s function of providing data storage space or data caching to a person; (2) The hosting company does not intentionally engage, aid, or abet in the distribution of the intimate image; and
(3) The hosting company does not knowingly receive from or through a person who distributes the intimate image a fee greater than the fee generally charged by the provider, as a specific condition for permitting the person to distribute, store, or cache the intimate image.
5. Distribution of an intimate image is a class A misdemeanor.