North Dakota Code 26.1-02.1-01 – Definitions
As used in this chapter:
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 26.1-02.1-01
- Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- following: when used by way of reference to a chapter or other part of a statute means the next preceding or next following chapter or other part. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
- Individual: means a human being. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Organization: includes a foreign or domestic association, business trust, corporation, enterprise, estate, joint venture, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, limited partnership, partnership, trust, or any legal or commercial entity. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Person: means an individual, organization, government, political subdivision, or government agency or instrumentality. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Property: includes property, real and personal. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
- written: include "typewriting" and "typewritten" and "printing" and "printed" except in the case of signatures and when the words are used by way of contrast to typewriting and printing. See North Dakota Code 1-01-37
1. “Breach of trust” means any criminal act or an element of a criminal act by a person, including an act that constitutes or involves misuse, misapplication, or misappropriation of the following:
a. Anything of value held as a fiduciary, in which “fiduciary” includes a trustee, administrator, executor, conservator, receiver, guardian, agent, employee, partner, officer, director, or public service; or
b. Anything of value of any public, private, or charitable organization.
2. “Business of insurance” means the writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks by an insurer, including acts necessary or incidental to writing insurance or reinsuring risks and the activities of persons who act as or who are officers, directors, agents, producers, or employees of insurers, or who are other persons authorized to act on their behalf. The term does not include the activities of the North Dakota life and health insurance guaranty association or the North Dakota insurance guaranty association.
3. “Dishonesty” means a criminal act, including an offense constituting or involving perjury, bribery, arson, knowingly receiving or possession of stolen property, forgery or falsification of documents, counterfeiting, knowingly issuing a bad check, false or misleading oral or written statements, false pretenses, deception, fraud, schemes or artifices to deceive or defraud, material misrepresentations, or the failure to disclose material facts.
4. “Financial loss” includes loss of earnings, out-of-pocket and other expenses, repair and replacement costs, and claims payments.
5. “Fraudulent insurance act” includes the following acts or omissions committed by a person knowingly and with intent to defraud:
a. Presenting, causing to be presented, or preparing with knowledge or belief that it will be presented to or by an insurer, reinsurer, insurance producer, or any agent thereof, false or misleading information as part of, in support of, or concerning a fact material to one or more of the following:
(1) An application for the issuance or renewal of an insurance policy or reinsurance contract; (2) The rating of an insurance policy or reinsurance contract; (3) A claim for payment or benefit pursuant to an insurance policy or reinsurance contract; (4) Premiums paid on an insurance policy or reinsurance contract; (5) Payments made in accordance with the terms of an insurance policy or reinsurance contract; (6) A document filed with the commissioner or the chief insurance regulatory official of another jurisdiction; (7) The financial condition of an insurer or reinsurer; (8) The formation, acquisition, merger, reconsolidation, dissolution, or withdrawal from one or more lines of insurance or reinsurance in all or part of this state by an insurer or reinsurer; (9) The issuance of written evidence of insurance; (10) The reinstatement of an insurance policy; or
(11) The formation of an agency, brokerage, or insurance producer contract.
b. Solicitation or acceptance of new or renewal insurance risks on behalf of an insurer, reinsurer, or other person engaged in the business of insurance by a person who knows or should know that the insurer or other person responsible for the risk is insolvent at the time of the transaction.
c. Removal, concealment, alteration, or destruction of the assets or records of an insurer, reinsurer, or other person engaged in the business of insurance.
d. Theft by deception or otherwise, or embezzlement, abstracting, purloining, or conversion of moneys, funds, premiums, credits, or other property of an insurer, reinsurer, or person engaged in the business of insurance.
e. Attempting to commit, aiding or abetting in the commission of, or conspiring to commit the acts or omissions specified in this section.
6. “Insurance” means a contract or arrangement in which one undertakes to pay or indemnify another as to loss from certain contingencies called “risks”, including through reinsurance; pay or grant a specified amount or determinable benefit to another in connection with ascertainable risk contingencies; pay an annuity to another; or act as surety. The term does not include a debt cancellation contract between a bank and debtor, between a credit union and debtor, or between a savings association and debtor and does not include a debt suspension contract between a bank and debtor, between a credit union and debtor, or between a savings association and debtor.
7. “Insurer” means a person entering into arrangements or contracts of insurance or reinsurance and who agrees to perform any of the acts set forth in subsection 4, whether the person has or is required to have a certificate of authority or denies being an insurer. The term does not include the North Dakota life and health insurance guaranty association, the risk management fund, a bank, credit union, or savings association as a party to a debt cancellation contract or debt suspension contract, or the North Dakota insurance guaranty association.
8. “Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, or any similar entity or any combination of the foregoing.
9. “Policy” means an individual or group policy, group certificate, contract, or arrangement of insurance or reinsurance affecting the rights of a resident of this state or bearing a reasonable relation to this state, regardless of whether delivered or issued for delivery in this state.
10. “Practitioner” means a licensee of this state authorized to practice medicine and surgery, psychology, chiropractic, or law or any other licensee of the state whose services are compensated, directly or indirectly, by insurance proceeds, or a licensee similarly licensed in other states and nations or the practitioner of any nonmedical treatment rendered in accordance with a recognized religious method of healing.
11. “Reinsurance” means a contract, binder of coverage including placement slip, or arrangement under which an insurer procures insurance for itself in another insurer as to all or part of an insurance risk of the originating insurer.