1.    Transactions within an insurance holding company system to which an insurer subject to registration is a party are subject to the following standards:

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a.    The terms must be fair and reasonable.

b.    Agreements for cost-sharing services and management must include provisions as required by rules adopted by the commissioner.

c.    The books, accounts, and records of each party must clearly and accurately disclose the precise nature and details of the transactions, including that accounting information that is necessary to support the reasonableness of the charges or fees to the respective parties.

d.    The insurer’s surplus as regards to policyholders following any dividends or distributions to shareholder affiliates must be reasonable in relation to the insurer’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.

e.    Charges or fees for services performed must be reasonable.

f.    Expenses incurred and payment received must be allocated to the insurer in conformity with statutory accounting practices consistently applied.

2.    The following transactions involving a domestic insurer and any person in its insurance holding company system, including an amendment or modification of an affiliate agreement previously filed pursuant to this section, which is subject to any materiality standards contained in subdivisions a through g, may not be entered unless the insurer has notified the commissioner in writing of its intention to enter into the transaction at least thirty days prior thereto, or a shorter period as the commissioner may permit, and the commissioner has not disapproved it within that period. The notice for an amendment or modification must include the reason for the change and the financial impact on the domestic insurer. Within thirty days after a termination of a previously filed agreement, informal notice must be reported to the commissioner for determination of the type of filing required, if any.

a.    Sales, purchases, exchanges, loans, or extensions of credit, or investments provided the transactions are equal to or exceed:

(1) With respect to nonlife insurers, the lesser of three percent of the insurer’s admitted assets or twenty-five percent of surplus as regards policyholders as of December thirty-first next preceding.

(2) With respect to life insurers, three percent of the insurer’s admitted assets as of December thirty-first next preceding.

b.    Loans or extensions of credit to any person that is not an affiliate, if the insurer makes loans or extensions of credit with the agreement or understanding that the proceeds of the transactions, in whole or in substantial part, are to be used to make loans or extensions of credit to, to purchase assets of, or to make investments in any affiliate of the insurer making the loans or extensions of credit provided the transactions are equal to or exceed:

(1) With respect to nonlife insurers, the lesser of three percent of the insurer’s admitted assets or twenty-five percent of surplus as regards policyholders as of December thirty-first next preceding.

(2) With respect to life insurers, three percent of the insurer’s admitted assets as of December thirty-first next preceding.

c.    Reinsurance agreements or modifications thereto, including: (1) All reinsurance pooling agreements.

(2) Agreements in which the reinsurance premium or a change in the insurer’s liabilities, or the projected reinsurance premium or a change in the insurer’s liabilities in any of the next three years, equals or exceeds five percent of the insurer’s surplus as regards policyholders, as of December thirty-first next preceding, including those agreements which may require as consideration the transfer of assets from an insurer to a nonaffiliate, if an agreement or understanding exists between the insurer and nonaffiliate that any portion of such assets will be transferred to one or more affiliates of the insurer.

d. All management agreements, service contracts, tax allocation agreements, guarantees, and cost-sharing arrangements.

e.    Any guarantee made by a domestic insurer; however, a guarantee that is quantifiable as to amount is not subject to the notice requirements of this subsection unless the guarantee exceeds the lesser of one-half of one percent of the insurer’s admitted assets or ten percent of surplus as regards policyholders as of December thirty-first next preceding. Additionally, all guarantees that are not quantifiable as to amount are subject to the notice requirements of this subsection.

f.    Any direct or indirect acquisition or investment in a person that controls the insurer or in an affiliate of the insurer in an amount that, together with its present holdings in such investments, exceeds two and one-half percent of the insurer’s surplus to policyholders. A direct or indirect acquisition or investment in a subsidiary acquired pursuant to section 26.1-10-02, or authorized under any other section of this chapter, or in a nonsubsidiary insurance affiliate that is subject to this chapter, is exempt from this requirement.

g.    Any material transactions, specified by rule, which the commissioner determines may adversely affect the interests of the insurer’s policyholders.

Nothing in this subsection may be deemed to authorize or permit any transactions which, in the case of an insurer which is not a member of the same insurance holding company system, would be otherwise contrary to law.

3.    A domestic insurer may not enter transactions that are part of a plan or series of like transactions with persons within the insurance holding company system if the purpose of those separate transactions is to avoid the statutory threshold amount and thus avoid the review that would occur otherwise. If the commissioner determines that the separate transactions were entered over any twelve-month period for that purpose, the commissioner may exercise the commissioner’s authority under the penalty sections of this chapter.

4.    The commissioner, in reviewing transactions pursuant to subsection 2, shall consider whether the transactions comply with the standards set forth in subsection 1 and whether they may adversely affect the interests of the policyholders.

    5.    The commissioner must be notified within thirty days of any investment of the domestic insurer in any one corporation if the total investment in that corporation by the insurance holding company system exceeds ten percent of the corporation’s voting securities.

6.    For purposes of this chapter, in determining whether an insurer’s surplus as regards policyholders is reasonable in relation to the insurer’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to meet its financial needs, the following factors, among others, must be considered:

a.    The size of the insurer as measured by its assets, capital and surplus, reserves, premium writings, insurance in force, and other appropriate criteria.

b.    The extent to which the insurer’s business is diversified among the several lines of insurance.

c.    The number and size of risks insured in each line of business.

d.    The extent of the geographical dispersion of the insurer’s insured risks. e.    The nature and extent of the insurer’s reinsurance program.

f.    The quality, diversification, and liquidity of the insurer’s investment portfolio.

g.    The recent past and projected future trend in the size of the insurer’s investment portfolio.

h.    The surplus as regards policyholders maintained by other comparable insurers.

i.    The adequacy of the insurer’s reserves.

j.    The quality and liquidity of investments in affiliates. The commissioner may treat the investment as a disallowed asset for purposes of determining the adequacy of surplus as regards policyholders whenever in the commissioner’s judgment the investment so warrants.

7. A domestic insurer may not pay any extraordinary dividend or make any other extraordinary distribution to its shareholders until thirty days after the commissioner has received notice of the declaration thereof and has not within that period disapproved the payment, or until the commissioner has approved the payment within the thirty-day period.

8.    For purposes of this section, an extraordinary dividend or distribution includes any dividend or distribution of cash or other property, when the fair market value together with that of other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months exceeds the lesser of:

a.    Ten percent of the insurer’s surplus as regards policyholders as of December thirty-first next preceding; or

b.    The net gain from operations of the insurer, if the insurer is a life insurer, or the net income, if the company is not a life insurer, not including realized capital gains, for the twelve-month period ending December thirty-first next preceding, but shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of the insurer’s own securities.

9.    In determining whether a dividend or distribution is extraordinary under subsection 8, an insurer other than a life insurer may carry forward net income from the previous two calendar years which has not already been paid out as dividends. This carry-forward must be computed by taking the net income from the second and third preceding calendar years, not including realized capital gains, less dividends paid in the second and immediate preceding calendar years.

10.    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an insurer may declare an extraordinary dividend or distribution which is conditional upon the commissioner’s approval, and the declaration confers no rights upon shareholders until:

a.    The commissioner has approved the payment of the dividend or distribution; or

b.    The commissioner has not disapproved the payment within the thirty-day period referred to in subsection 7.