North Dakota Code 47-37-08 – Duration – Amendment by court action
1. An environmental covenant is perpetual unless it is:
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 47-37-08
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
- Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
- Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
a. By its terms limited to a specific duration or terminated by the occurrence of a specific event; b. Terminated by consent pursuant to section 47-37-09; c. Terminated pursuant to subsection 2; d. Terminated by foreclosure of an interest that has priority over the environmental covenant; or
e. Terminated or modified in an eminent domain proceeding, but only if:
(1) The agency that signed the covenant is a party to the proceeding; (2) All persons identified in subsections 1 and 2 of section 47-37-09 are given notice of the pendency of the proceeding; and
(3) The court determines, after hearing, the termination or modification will not adversely affect human health or the environment.
2. If the agency that signed an environmental covenant has determined the intended benefits of the covenant can no longer be realized, a court, under the doctrine of changed circumstances, in an action in which all persons identified in subsections 1 and 2 of section 47-37-09 have been given notice, may terminate the covenant or reduce its burden on the real property subject to the covenant. The agency’s determination or its failure to make a determination upon request is subject to review pursuant to chapter 28-32.
3. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 1 and 2, an environmental covenant may not be extinguished, limited, or impaired through issuance of a tax deed, foreclosure of a tax lien, or application of the doctrine of adverse possession, prescription, abandonment, waiver, lack of enforcement, or acquiescence, or a similar doctrine.
4. An environmental covenant may not be extinguished, limited, or impaired by application of chapters 38-18.1 and 47-19.1.